高考英语倒装句和虚拟语气专项语法讲解学案.doc

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1、英语倒装句英语句子的语序英语句子的自然语序：主语在前，谓语动词在后。She is a nice girl. 自然语序英语句子的倒装结构: 谓语动词的一部分或全部放在主语之前。Is she a nice girl? 部分倒装语序Up go the prices. 全部倒装语序英语倒装句分为两种*全部倒装：全部谓语放在主语之前。There is a table in the room. 完全倒装*部分倒装： 只把助动词,情态动词或连系动词放在主语之前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后。Why did you do it like that? 部分倒装一、全部倒装1. 在there, here 引导的句子

2、中，谓语是be, exist, live, lie 等表示状态的不及物动词。There is nobody in the classroom.There seems something wrong with my radio.There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.2、在there, here 引导的句子中,谓语动词用come, go, follow, enter, rush, occur(发生)等。 There goes the bell. There happened an event last week. Here comes y

3、our husband.注意：主语是人称代词时，则不需倒装。此类倒装不用进行时态。 Here he comes. Here it is.3、副词now, then, thus（因此，如此）的句子里，谓语使用come, follow, begin, end, be等。 Now comes your turn! Then followed another shot of gun. Thus ended the meeting.4、in, out, down, up, over, away, off, back, below 等副词作状语置于句首时，谓语常用动词有come, go, rush,等不及

4、物动词。Up go the prices. Off went the horses.Down came the brown waves! 但如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。 Back they fought. （fight back 还击） Up it flew.5、在直接引语全部或部分置于句首时，引用动词和它的主语（名词）往往要倒装。“Youve made great progress this term.” said the teacher.“Tom”, said his father, “ You shouldnt make friends with such boys!”注意：1) 主语

5、是代词时，倒装不倒装都可以。 “Where are you going?”asked he. (He asked.)2)引用动词另有宾语时，主语是名词也不倒装。 “Why didnt you join us!”Our monitor asked us.6、谓语是be, 表语提前时，整个句子需倒装。Happy is he who devoted himself to the cause of communism.Such was Albert Einstein, a single man of great achievements.7、表示地点的介词短语或副词提前，为了保持句子平衡且谓语是be

6、, stand, sit , lie, come等动词时。On every piece of paper was a picture of a horse.From a speaker on the wall comes the doctors voice.On the ground lay a goat. 8、用于表示祝愿的句型。Long live the Peoples Republic of China !二、部分倒装1、在以so, nor, neither 开头的句子里。(也是 / 也不是）A fish can swim and so can I.I get up at seven a

7、nd so does my brother.He didnt do it and neither did I.He didnt smoke, nor did he drink.注意：1）如果后一个句子只是单纯的重复前面句子的意思，则不倒装。（确实是） -It is hot today. -So it is. -He finished it on time. -So he did.2）如按照别人的意思做了什么事，so也不用倒装(某人照办了）The teacher asked me to read louder , and I did so.3) 当前面的句子中主语、谓语或肯否定形式不同时，则用s

8、o it is with。句型来表示。 Tom likes singing, but he doesnt like dancing. So it is with Mary. Tom is clever and he studies hard. So it is with Mary.2、在疑问句里 Do you have an English class every day? What did the two cheats pretend to be doing?3、在不带if的虚拟条件从句中。 Should he be interested in this subject, he might

9、work hard at it.(=If he should be interested in this subject, ) Had I known the answer, I should have told you.(=If I had known the answer, I should have )4、否定或半否定词放句首表示强调时，部分倒装。 never, hardly, scarcely 几乎不，仅仅，决不；seldom, little, barely 仅够，几乎没有；rarely 不常，很少；nowhere无处，到处都无；by no means 决不；in no case；at

10、 no time决不；not until；hardly (scarcely)when；no sooner.than(一.就) Never before have I met him. Hardly did I think it possible. Not a single paper did the scholar write the whole term（条款，条件）. Seldom did the boy read newspaper. Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery（风景，景色）. Nowhere could we f

11、ind the book. Hardly had he entered the house when it began to rain. No sooner had they entered the house than it began to rain.注意：1) 当上述单词不提前时，则不倒装。 I seldom read newspaper before. He had hardly finished his homework when the light went out.2) 当这些词作形容词修饰主语时且置句首时，句子不倒装。 Little work was done yesterda

12、y.5、Neither.nor连接的两个句子都要倒装； not onlybut also连接的两个句子时， not only后面的句子要倒装, but also不倒装1. Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so.2. Not only shall we learn from books, but also we should learn from practice.6、 当“so (such).that.”结构中的so或such位于句首时,构成部分倒装句。 So busy is the dentist that he has no tim

13、e to spare.7、only位于句首,修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时,要用部分倒装。注意: only修饰状语从句时,主句中倒装,从句中不倒装; only修饰的不是状语时,则不用倒装语序。 Only the teachers can come in. 1.介词短语 Only + 2. 副词 3.状语从句+助动词+主语+谓语 Only yesterday did he leave for Tokyo. Only when he came back could we know the results. Only in this way can we work out the math prob

14、lem. v 当however, no matter how引导让步状语从句 时,常把however / no matter how + 形容词 / 副词放在句首,此时主谓不倒装。v No matter how well a poem is translated, something of the spirit of the original work is lost. v as , though 引导让步状语从句常用倒装语序，把形容词或副词放在句首。v Tired as he was, he went on with the experiment.v 含有否定意义的介词放句首：by no m

15、eans，in no time，in no case，on no account，under no circumstances.练习：1. So difficult _ I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.2. Not only they bring snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.

16、3. Only when your identity has been checked, _you be allowed in. 4. Much as I have traveled , I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. v 当as / though引导让步状语从句时,可出现v “名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 分词 + as + 主语 + 动词” 或“动词 + as + 主语 + 助动词”的倒装形式。 v 当表语是名词时,名词前不加任何冠词。 5. You should try to get a good nights sle

17、ep however much work you have to do. 6. On the wall hang two large portraits. 7. Be quick! Here comes the bus.8. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other. 9. Not a single song did she sing at yesterdays party. 10. Only in this way can you hope

18、to make improvement in the operating system. 11. Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.12. -Do you know Jim quarreled with his brothers? -I dont know, and nor do I care. 13. -You forgot your purse when you went out. -Good

19、heaven, so I did. 14. Hardly had he got into the room when the telephone rang. 15. Had it not been for the free tickets, I wouldnt have gone to the films so often. 16. Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. 17. However late he is , Mother will wait for him

20、to have dinner together. 18. Well have to finish the job, however long it takes. 虚拟语气 谓语动词用不同的形式表示说话人的不同意图，这种形式称为语气。语气分三种。 1、陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。 He is late for class. What fun! He is not interested in classical music.2、祈使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等（动词常用原形） Dont be late！ 3、虚拟语气：是谓语的特殊形式

21、，有些表示说话人所 说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测； 有些不表达与事实相反，尽是谓语的特殊固定形式。一、虚拟语气用在 if非真实条件句中1、If I were you, I would accept his advice. 如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。2、If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam. 如果你以前好好学习， 你会通过考试的。3、If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我会

22、待在家里。二、if从句中，were，had，should可以放在句首， 形成省略if的倒装，否定词not不能放在前面。 1. If I were you, I would accept his advice. =Were I you, I would accept his advice. 2. If I had not seen him then, I wouldnt have been happy. =Had I not seen him then, I wouldnt have been happy.3. If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomo

23、rrow, I would stay at home. =Should it rained tomorrow, I would stay at home. =Were it to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 三、错综时间虚拟语气 当从句与主句的行为所发生的时间不一致时，从句或主句谓语动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。 If you _(follow)my advice just now, you _(be) better now. If you _(study)hard before, you _(be) a college stude

24、nt now. If you had talked with George earlier, you would not be so angry now. If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river would not be polluted so seriously now.四、介词短语、副词或连词代替条件句部分 有时并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过副词、介词短语和个别连词代替条件句。常用的有介词with，without，but for（如果没有，要不是）；连词or，but；副词otherwise等。1.

25、 I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. =If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.2. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.3. I should have given you more help, but I was too busy.

26、4. What would you do with a million dollars? 5. Without / But for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. Without electricity, human being life would be quite different today. But for his help, I

27、should not have succeeded. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. Why didnt you buy it? I would have but I didnt have the money.五、as if / as though（好像）+从句 与现在相反 did/were 与过去相反 had done 与将来相反 would/could/might+ do He looks as if he were an artist.He

28、talked about the accident as if he had seen it.若表示的确有某种可能(尤指天气），也可不用虚拟语气。例如：Look! The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.六. It is (high / about) time (that) sb did / should（ should不可省略）do“该是某人做某事的时候了” It is high time that you got up/should get up. Im getting tired; its time we

29、went home. 七、wish和if only(要是就好了）+从句 与现在事实相反 did/were 与过去事实相反 had done（或could have done） 与将来事实相反 could/would/might + doI wish he_ (visit) us tomorrow.I wish (that) he_ (visit) us today.I wish he_ (visit) us yesterday. If only you _ （listen) to our advice!If only I _ (be) a bird!八、在would rather+宾语从句中

30、与现在或将来事实相反 did/were 与过去事实相反 had done即：would rather sb did / had doneI would rather you _ (come) here tomorrow.I would rather you _ (not tell) me the truth.九、用于表示建议(recommend / suggest / propose / advise ), 命令(order/ command), 要求(demand / require / request / desire)坚持要求 (insist) 等词相连的从句中需用虚拟语气：sb ( s

31、hould ) + do1. I suggested that he (should) go there at once. (宾语从句)2. My advice is that we (should) tell him the news. (表语从句)3. I made a suggestion that he (should) go there at once. (同位语从句)4. It is suggested that he (should) go there at once. (主语从句)5. My suggestion was that he (should) go there at

32、 once. (表语从句)区别： This is the suggestion that he made at the meeting. (定语从句)The officer gave the order that nothing be touched until the people arrived. (同位语从句) 注意：suggest:表明“暗示” 用陈述语气，表明“建议 ”用虚拟语气。 Her pale face suggested that she _（be) ill and that she _ (send) to hospital immediately.Insist：表明“坚持说

33、，坚持认为 ” 用陈述语气，表明“坚持” 用虚拟语气。 He insisted that he _(not steal) the money and insisted that he _(set) free. 十、主语从句中的虚拟语气（it作形式主语）It is necessary / important / natural / strange / funny/ surprising / a pity / a shame/ no wonder/ suggested / advised /recommended / desired that sb (should) + do It is stra

34、nge that he (should) treat his parents like that. It is a pity that Lucy (should) be so careless.It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off . It is strange that he didnt come yesterday.It is strange that the lazy boy should pass the exam.虚拟语气练习 1. If only he ( lie ) quietly as the doctor i

35、nstructed, he would not suffer so much now. 2. How I wish every family _ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden. 3. You did not let me drive. If we (drive) in turn, you (get) so tired. 4. it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. 5. I suggested the person (refe

36、r) to be put into prison. 6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it (break) . 7. I insisted he (go) to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing (be) wrong with him. 8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today. -I had rather she (tell) me tomorrow than today. 9. -Would you have

37、 called her up had it been possible? -Yes, but I (be) busy doing my homework. 10. I was ill that day, otherwise I (take) part in the sports meet. 11. (be) it not for the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily 12. If my lawyer (be) here last Sunday, he (prevent) me from going. 12. he w

38、orked hard, he would have passed the exam. 14. (be) he to leave today, he would get there by Friday. 15. Had you listened to the doctor, you (be) all right now. 16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she (come), she would have met my brother. 17. He (be) busy yesterday, or he (help) you wi

39、th your experiment. 18. If it had not been for the snow, we (climb) the mountain yesterday. 19. Without electricity, human life (be) quite difficult today 20. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted he (stay) home. 21. It was requested that the play (put) on again. 22. She insisted that a doct

40、or (send) for immediately 23. But for water, it (be) impossible to live in the earth. 24. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he (be) their own son. 25. How the old people wish that they (be) young once more. 26. It is high time that we (hold) a meeting to discuss this probl

41、em. 27. The thief closed his eyes as if he (be) dying. 28. The chairman insisted that we (discuss) the question again. 29. He requested that the students (help) them get in crops. 30. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody (obey) the rules. 31. I wish I (be) here then. 32. Mother suggested th

42、at I ( do) my homework first before watching TV. 33. My suggestion is that the meeting (put) off till next Sunday. 34. He is talking so much about America as if he (be) there. 35. The teacher demanded that the exam (finish) before eleven. 36. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, there (be) more deaths. 37. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we (be) late. 38. What do you think his proposal that we on a play at the English meeting. 39. He insisted that we (start) early the next morning. 40. We (study) last night, but we went to the cinema instead. 7