《句子翻译讲解》PPT课件.ppt

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1、作文评分原则Globalscoring:阅卷人就总的印象给出分数，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。满分15分。分为五个分数段14分、11分、8分、5分、及2分。给分档14分 切题。表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。11分 切题。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。8分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误。5分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚,连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。2分 条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破 碎或大部分句子均有错误,且多数为 严重错误。四级翻译大学英语四级考试新增题型汉译英是衡量学生英语综合水

2、平和应用能力的一个重要指标，不仅要求考生了解单词和基本句法，更应具备灵活应用所学知识的能力。汉译英放在考试的最后一个阶段，5分钟处理5个句子。在整个四级卷面（满分为710分）中占35.5分。汉译英考题的实质汉译英考题的实质考题只考查汉译英，没有英译汉。内容纯属语言层面，几乎不需要翻译专业理论知识。名为翻译，实为补全句子，考查语法结构和词组运用知识。翻译与写作的异同共同点：汉语转换为英语写作：综合题型，最难语法+词汇逻辑句型拼写英语思维翻译：汉语到英语转换能力：语法与词汇介词：位置Peopleseethesun“moving”80theskyasmorningturnstonight,andth

3、eearthseemsstationarywhilethatishappening.A)aroundB)acrossC)onD)above基本要求：基本要求：有基本的词汇、词性，语句知识。最起码应能熟练掌握和运用课内所学得单词、词组和基本语法常识。（这个女孩受到教育）_ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.(CET-4 1999,1)答案：The girls being educated翻译考试样题Part VI Translation (5 minutes)87.The substance doe

4、s not dissolve in water_(不管是否加热).Key:whether(itis)heatedornot88.Notonly_(他向我收费过高),buthedidntdoagoodrepairjobeither.Key:didhechargemetoomuch/didheoverchargeme翻译考试样题89.Your losses in trade this year are nothing _(与我的相比与我的相比).Key:compared with mine/in comparison with mine90.On average,it is said,visito

5、rs spend only _(一一半半的的钱钱)in a day in Leeds as in London.Key:half as much(money)91.By contrast,American mothers were more likely_(把把孩孩子子的的成成功功归归因因于于)natural talent.Key:to attribute their childrens success to87.Having spent some time in the city,he had notrouble_(找到去历史博物馆的路).Key:finding the way to the

6、 history museum88._(为了挣钱供我上学)，motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforher.Key:In order to support my university studies/to finance my education89.Theprofessorrequiredthat_(我们交研究报告).Key:we hand in our research reports90.Themoreyouexplain,_(我愈糊涂).Key:the more confused I am91.Thoughaskilledworker,_(他被公司

7、解雇了).Key:he was fired by the companyPartVITranslation87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasyto(适应不同文化中的生活).Key:adaptoneselftolife/livingindifferentcultures88.SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat_(没有什么比书对我更有吸引力).Key:nothingismoreattractivetomethanreading/tome,nothingismoreimportantthanreadin

8、g89.Thevictim_(本来有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.Key:wouldhaveachancetosurvive/wouldhaveachanceofsurvival90.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople_(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).Key:mightfeellonelywhentheyarefarfromhome/arenotintheirhometown/traveling91.Thenationspopulationcontinuestorise_(以每年1200万人的速度).Key:atasp

9、eed/rateof12millionperyear/atanannualspeedof12million 翻译考点常见的语法句型常见的词汇、词组 从样题看，翻译主要考语法和词汇两项内容。要做好每一题，考生都必须掌握所考的语法项目和词汇，两者缺一可。解题步骤解题步骤1)读懂原句：读懂英文句子的内容。2)分析判断语法结构：根据英语部分，结合所要翻译的汉语，判断要翻译部分在整句中应该使用的语法结构。3)选择词汇及短语：确定基本结构时，还要考虑相关词汇的使用。4)完成句子翻译：翻译一般不止有一个标准答案，你也有可能有几个选择，在翻译时，尽量使用你最有把握的结构和词汇。5)检查：看一下有没有错译和漏译

10、。几个主要解题方法几个主要解题方法1.1.选准句型选准句型依靠分析词语的搭配和上下文，如：Theharderyouwork,_.(取得的进步就越大)答案：thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.2.2.弄清所需结构弄清所需结构 名词从句名词从句 定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句名词性从句名词性从句主要包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句.一般由that引起,也可由who,what,when,why,which,whom,whether,how引起。主语从句主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

11、（你所需要的）_ismorepractice.答案：Whatyouneed表语从句表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有thereasonisthat.和Itisbecause等结构。表语从句例句表语从句例句1）Thequestionis_（我们是否能做好准备）insuchashorttime.答案：whetherwecanmakegoodpreparation2)Thisis_.(我们能得到人民支持的原因)答案：why

12、wecantgetthesupportofthepeople宾语从句宾语从句1.（多亏了你）（多亏了你）_ I have been so successful.答案：答案：I owe it to you that 2.We must find out _.(谁做的这一切谁做的这一切)答案：答案：who did all this.由名词性关系代词whatever,whoever,whichever等引起的宾语从句1）He will do_.(不管老师让不管老师让他干什么他干什么)答案：答案：whatever the teacher asks him to do.2）Ill take _.(不论谁

13、想和不论谁想和我去看戏我去看戏)答案：答案：whoever wants to go with me to the theatre.定语从句定语从句定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where,why等。whose1）Theyrushedovertohelptheman_.(那人车坏了)答案：whosecarhadbrokendown.2）Pleasepassme

14、thebook_.(那本绿皮的书)答案：whose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.状语从句状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句通常where,wherever引导。1._(我住的地方)thereareplentyoftrees.答案：WhereIlive2._(不管我在哪里)Iwillbethinkingofyou.答案：WhereverIam方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as,(just)asso,asif,asthough引导。1.Alwaysdototheothers_.(你希望人家怎样待你)答案：asyouwouldbedoneby2._,(犹如鱼儿离不开水)soairisto

15、man.答案:Aswateristofish目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由that,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase等词引导，例如：Youmustspeaklouder（以便）youcanbeheardbyall.答案：sothat/inorderthatsothat与suchthat之间的转换1.Theboyissoyoung（他还不能上学）答案：thathecantgotoschool2.Heissuchayoungboy（他还不能上学）答案：thathecantgotoschool特殊的虚拟语气词：should句型：(1)sugg

16、estedItis(2)importantthat+(should)do(3)apityItisnecessary_（他来参加我们的会议）tomorrow.答案：thathe(should)cometoourmeeting表示一就的结构hardly/scarcelywhen,nosoonerthan和assoonas都可以表示“一就”的意思，例如：1.（我刚一到家）whenitbegantorain.答案：Ihadhardly/scarcelygothome2.（我刚一到家）thanitbegantorain.答案：Ihadnosoonergothome在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从

17、句中1.Isuggest_(我们应该开个会)nextweek.答案：thatwe(should)holdameeting2.Heinsisted_.(他应该被派到这里)答案：thathe(should)besentthere例句1.Only in this way _(你才有可能想出解决这个问题的办法你才有可能想出解决这个问题的办法)答案：答案：can you come up with a solution to the problem2._(形势如此地严峻形势如此地严峻)that everybody faced a test.)答案：答案：So serious was the situati

18、on3._(他太操劳过度他太操劳过度)that he fell ill at last.答案：答案：So hard did he overworkThespecialcommitteerecommendedthat_(这项工程不应动工)untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.答案：theprojectnotbestartedTheaudiencemusthavemissedtheirmusicalperformanceorthey_(给予高度评价).答案：wouldhavespokenhighlyofitHeimposedhiscompanyuponher_尽管

19、她反复暗示想单独待一会儿Dontmakeafussaboutsuchasmallthing这可是我最不希望看到的事inspiteofherrepeatedhintsofhopingtobeleftalone.becausethatisthelastthingIexpected._我要是知道你要来,Iwouldhavemetyouattheairport.Itisasurprisetoustofind_电视机在信息方面拥有最大的竞争优势IfIhadknownthatyouwerecomingthattelevisionenjoysitsgreatestcompetitiveadvantageon

20、information._从法律上说，你完全可以将质量不过关的商品退还商店whereyoupurchasedthem,butyouaresupposedtoaccountforwhyyouwanttodoso.YouarelegallyentitledtotakefaultygoodsbacktothestoreModerncommunicationswillgivecountrieslikeChinaandVietnam_.比那些困于旧技术的国家更具有优势ahugeadvantageovercountriesstuckwitholdtechnologies_无庸置疑thatcommunica

21、tionswillbeakeyfactorseparatingthewinnersfromthelosers.Havinganoperationthereis_.就好象有一堆无穷无尽供你使用的钞票。ThereislittledisputelikehavinganendlesspileofmoneyatyourdisposalThelessexerciseyoudo,_你的身体就越不健康,andthehardereverydaytaskswillseem._新法律很难实施becausepeoplearenotreadytoactonit.themoreunfityouwillbecomeItsd

22、ifficulttoenforcethenewlaw_只有勤奋加方法很当willalwaysgiveyouanadvantageoverothersinstudy._既然这篇报告的真实性要打折扣,IwasnotinapositiontopublishitforyouIneffect,onlyhardworkincombinationwithpropermethodsSincethetruthofthisreportwasdiscountedTheybrokeoffthebusinessrelationswiththatcompany_因为该公司上一个财政年度损失，已经破产了SomeoneisalwaysatmyelbowremindingmethatIamadescendentofslaves,._但这并没有使我沮丧。asitsufferedhugelossesinthelastfinancialyearandwentbankrupt.butitfailstoregisterdepressionwithme