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1、Free高考英语秋季班Fact 37Fact 5break least favorite disease Boundless Playgroundplaygrounds with limits for children with disabilities4 inspiration 灵感 来源5 basic idea 理念6 colorful and challenging / inviting and fun a dream that comes true 特点Most kids love breaks, but for Hannah Kristan, a break was her leas

2、t favorite part of the school day. “I never got to do anything except sit there,” she recalls.Hannah was born with a disease that kept the bones in her back from forming properly. She uses a wheelchair. Sadly, for kids like her, most playground equipment is off limits. In fact, Hannah is one of the

3、5 million kids in the United States who cannot use traditional playground equipment because of some type of disability.Then Hannah heard about Boundless Playground playgrounds with limits for children with disabilities. The wonderful group behind Boundless Playground helps communities create special

4、 playgrounds for children of all abilities. There are swings and sandboxes specially designed for kids with physical disabilities. Kids with vision problems can enjoy the movement of swings and also use musical activities such as chime walls. Since her hometown in Connecticut had nothing like it, Ha

5、nnah helped raise money for this new kind of playground.The inspiration for Boundless Playgrounds was a playground created by Amy Jaffe Barzach. It is named Jonathans Dream in honor of her son. Jonathans Dream and many Boundless Playgrounds around the country have a glider swing that can be used by

6、kids who use wheelchairs and their friends. The glider swing at Jonathans Dream was designed by Matthew Cavedon, who wasnt even 10 years old at the time. Matthew was motivated because he used a wheelchair himself and wanted to be able to have fun at playgrounds with other kids, regardless of their p

7、hysical abilities or disabilities.The basic idea behind Boundless Playgrounds is that play is both part of the joy of childhood and an important way for children to learn about the world. Kids who are kept away from playgrounds are denied this enjoyment as well as the learning. Far from being a plac

8、e of happy excitement, traditional playgrounds are often places of separation and loneliness for those who cant join the fun.Contrary to some strict ideas about what a playground for children with special needs should be like, a Boundless Playground is every bit as colorful and challenging as a trad

9、itional playground. Thats why it is inviting and fun for all children. And for Hannah, Matthew, and other kids like them, a playground like this is also a dream that comes true.Fact 2library one type of library / theres not a single bookHuman Library “borrow” people human “books” one-on-one conversa

10、tion experience“Books” volunteers discrimination3 questions / stories 具体内容4 provide an opportunity share / understand 作用5 came to be 起源6 not places, but events 特点7 point of the organization to prove that no person can be summed up in just one wordWhy do you go to the Library? For books, yes but you

11、like books because they tell stories. You hope to get lost in a story or be transported into someone elses life. At one type of library, you can do just that even though theres not a single book.At a Human Library, instead of books, you can “borrow” people. Individuals volunteer as human “books” and

12、 participants in the event can “read” the book meaning they would have a one-on-one conversation with the volunteer and share in a dialogue about that individuals experience. “Books” are volunteers from all walks of life who have experienced discrimination (歧视) based on race, religion, class, gender

13、 identity, age, lifestyle choices, disability and other aspects of their life.For a certain amount of time, you can ask them questions and listen to their stories, which are as fascinating and as attractive as any you can find in a book. Many of the stories have to do with some kind of stereotype. Y

14、ou can speak with a refugee (难民), a soldier suffering from PTSD, a homeless person or a woman living with HIV. The Human Library encourages people to challenge their own long-held beliefs to truly get to know, and learn from someone they might otherwise make a quick judgment about.According to its w

15、ebsite, the Human Library is “a place where difficult questions are expected, appreciated and answered.” It provides the opportunity for the community to share and understand the experiences of others in their community.The Human Library Organization came to be in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2000. Ronni

16、Abergel, his brother Dany, and some colleagues hosted a four-day event during a major Northern European festival, hoping to raise awareness about violence among youth. After the success of this event, Abergel founded the Human Library Organization, which has been growing ever since.Though there are

17、a few permanent human libraries, most arent places at all, but events. Though many do take place at physical libraries, you dont need a library card anyone can come and be part of the experience. There have been human library events all over the globe, in universities and in pubs, from Chicago to Tu

18、nis to Edinburgh to San Antonio.The stories these “books” tell range from fascinating to heartbreaking and everything in between. And thats the very point of the organization to prove that no person can be summed up in just one word. It seeks to show people that you truly cant judge a book by its co

19、ver or by its title or label.Fact 4Ig Nobel PrizeNobel Prize Ig Nobel Prize1 例子2 Ig Nobel Prizes celebrates the funny side of sciencemake people laugh make them thinkunusual peoples attentionridiculous inspiring and amusing3 例子4 science and technology a part of our daily lives 例子5 show peoples willi

20、ngness to take action and to try new ways to solve problems 意义Having a meal is an easy and delightful process for most people. However, for a woodpecker (啄木鸟), its not that simple. To get dinner, a woodpecker has to hit its head against a tree numerous times per day. Yet, amazingly, it never suffers

21、 any ill effects like brain damage. According to research, it is the woodpeckers thick head bones that protect it from the impact of the blows. For explaining that, Ivan Schwab won an Ig Nobel Prize.Ig Nobel Prizes are organized by The Annals of Improbable Research, an American magazine that celebra

22、tes the funny side of science. Each year, ten winners are awarded prizes in honor of their “achievements that first make people laugh, and then make them think”. Most of the award-winning research, like Schwabs, may seem unusual, but it usually grabs peoples attention indeed. And no matter how ridic

23、ulous the research sounds, people can find it inspiring and amusing.Brain Wansinks research might interest you. He took home an Ig Nobel Prize for looking into the influence of visual factors on peoples appetites. He used specially designed bowls that refilled themselves with soup while people were

24、eating. Since these people had no idea this was happening, they just kept eating from these “bottomless bowls”. They said they didnt feel full because their bowls were not empty yet. People in this experiment ate 73 percent more soup than normal. Owing to these results, Wansink concluded that its no

25、t peoples stomachs that decide when they have eaten enough, but their eyes.Ig Nobel Prizes also give attention to science and technology that is a part of our daily lives. Take the karaoke machine for example. Its inventor Daisuke Inoue was employed at a nightclub, playing the piano for the customer

26、s who wanted to sing. He wasnt skillful enough to play all the songs properly. To clear up the problem, he created the karaoke machine. To Inoues surprise, the machine caused considerable changes in entertainment worldwide. The Ig Nobel Prize was awarded to Inoue not only because his invention was e

27、ntertaining, but also because it brought about “an entirely new way for people to learn to tolerate each other”.These research results of Ig Nobel Prizes may not be as great as Edisons light bulb or Newtons laws of motion. However, they do show peoples willingness to take action and to try new ways

28、to solve problems. According to Marc Abrahams, a founder of the Ig Nobel Prizes, “If you win one, it means that you have done something.”Fact 6Peer Pressureclassmates peers influence peer pressure2 an upside reflect / make changes / better one 正3 healthy habits shape personality and future 正（并列）4 ne

29、gative 负 make a dip in your self-confidencedistance you from your family and friends5 结论People who are at your age, like your classmates, are called peers. When they influence you on your decision or action, its called peer pressure. All of us, at some point in our lives, have had to deal with peer

30、pressure. The need to follow the crowd and do what majority of us are doing forces us to take up activities which we wouldnt otherwise.Recent studies have shown that peer pressure might cause an upside to you. It can make you reflect on your actions and make changes to your ways to become a better o

31、ne. Observing others working hard to reach their goals will definitely encourage you to make a great effort to achieve something positive. When a teen knows that his teammates are practicing hard to become better players then it will directly affect his own performance. He will put in twice the time

32、 and energy to raise the level of his game and ensure he has a place on the team.Having a group that brings positive peer pressure can also help you pick up healthy habits that can shape both your personality and your future. The motivation to do well because of pressure from your peers can actually

33、 become inspiration. For example, when a child knows that some of his friends regularly read storybooks, he may get into the habit of reading. Seeing that his friends exercise daily, even he may take up the habit and adopt it in life.Just as some influences can be positive, some can be negative too.

34、 Peer pressure sometimes can make a dip in your self-confidence. Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, or because they worry that others might make fun of them if they dont go along with the group. Others go along because they are curious to try something new. The idea th

35、at “everyones doing it” can influence them to leave their better judgment behind. Besides, peer pressure can distance you from your family and friends. It is common for teenagers to think that nobody understands them and that the whole world is against them. The influence of peer pressure is such th

36、at it draws them completely away from their family and friends who mean well. They just shut themselves off and fall into bad company.Its likely that youve experienced the effect of peer pressure in different areas, ranging from the clothes you wear to the music you listen to. Sometimes it can be ha

37、rd to resist and you may feel forced to do something youre uncomfortable with. So being aware of and carefully choosing the influence of peers that will lead to healthy and happy experiences is a lifelong process.Fact 8A Competitive Sportcheerleading competitive cheerleading more than a form of ente

38、rtainment a competitive sport 2 lots of physical activity3 governed by rules a winner (also并列)4 a strict rule of time (besides并列)5 one of the hardest sports injuries (another并列)6 a sport with professional skills Over the years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and com

39、petitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleader main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of

40、physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling (翻腾运动) ability. Its a very common thing for gymnasts, so its easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, a

41、nd overall energy. They also perform lifts and throws. This is where the “fliers” are thrown in the air, held by “bases” in different positions that require strength and working with other teammates.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be de

42、clared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. Thats why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance. Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to b

43、e completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reporte

44、d injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women. Emergency room visits for it are five times the number than for any other sport, partially because cheerleaders dont use protective equipment. Smiling cheerleaders are thrown

45、 into the air and move down into the arms of the teammates, which may easily cause injuries. Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. Hopefully,

46、 it will appear in the Olympics since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those involved in the more accepted sports. It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working toge

47、ther to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach. Fact 1The Lifecycle of a T-shirtT-shirts the influence on the planet 环保2 material 原材料3 production 生产制造4 shipping 运输5 use 使用6 disposal 抛弃7 a real impact on the planet8 help reduce your impactWe all probably have a lot of T-shirts, but do you ever

48、 stop and think about the influence of a T-shirt on the planet? Youd probably be surprised to learn whats involved in the lifecycle of just one T-shirt.There are 5 major stages: material, production, shipping, use and disposal (处理). The material stage involves farming, irrigating, fertilizing, harvesting and ginning. While cotton is a natural fiber (纤维) and not as harmful to the environment as manmade fibers, it still takes a toll in the material and production stages. Commercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water, and the use of pesti