名词单数变复数规则.pdf

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1、第第 2 2 讲讲名名词词名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念等的词。名词的可数与否、名词单复数形式的变化与谓语动词的一致、名词的修饰语、名词的辨析、固定搭配等是名词学习及测试的重点。一、名词的分类一、名词的分类类别类别意义意义表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织专有名词专有名词例词例词Liu Xiang,Mr.Smith,Linda,Japan,等特有的名称的词。首字母大写，the Great Wall,Monday,Teachers Day冠词、介词除外Bank of Chinateacher,pen,country,man,boy,pandapeople,family,police,class,tea

2、m,staff,army,crewwater,milk,air,wood,glass,paper,tea,advice,furniture,traffic,weather,snowknowledge,health,strength,courage,information,homework,friendship可可数数普普通通名名词词名名词词不不可可数数名名词词个体个体名词名词集体集体表示某类人或事物的个体的词表示若干个体组成的集体的词，指名词名词一群人或一些事物物质物质表示无法分为个体的实物的词，指名词名词构成各种物体的物质或材料抽象抽象表示动作、状态、品质、性质、行名词名词为、感情等抽象概念

3、的词二二.名词的数名词的数1.1.规则名词复数形式的构成及变化规则名词复数形式的构成及变化：构词情况构词情况一般情况以 x,z,s,sh,ch,结尾复数构成形式复数构成形式加-s例词例词maps,Britains,days,ships,sisters,Canadians,playsbuses,watches,boxes,brushes,classes加-es有生命的多数加-es以 o 结尾无生命的多数加-s既可加-s，也可加-es辅音字母+y 结尾，变 y 为 i以 y 结尾再加-estomatoes,potatoes,heroes echoes(回声)photos,pianos,kilos,

4、radios,zoos bambooszero,cargo,volcano(火山),mottofactories,families,centuries,babies,countries,studies,cities元音字母+y 结尾，直接加-sboys,days,toys,holidays以f或fe结尾多数直接加-schiefs,beliefs,gulfs(海湾),roofs,proofs,cliffs变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加-es 既可直接加-s，也可变 f或 fe 为 v 再加-es2 2可数名词复数形式的不规则变化：可数名词复数形式的不规则变化：固定形式：thieves,wives

5、,lives,leaves,knives,shelveshandkerchief(手帕),scarfman-woman-_policeman-_foot-goose-tooth-_Ox-child-_mouse-_ 单复数同形：fish,ship,deer,people,means,works工厂,series,species 物种；种类.yuan 元,jiao 角,fen 分,li 里,jin 斤,mu 亩.Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,Portuguese葡萄牙人.部分集合名词既可作单数（整体），也可作复数（成员）family,class,audience,army,com

6、mittee,faculty作为一个整体时视为单数，强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数。His famiy(have)a shower.Her famiy(be)watching TV.3 3复合名词的复数情况复合名词的复数情况：（1）.如有主体名词，将主体名词变为复数e.g.e.g.a girl studenttwo girl studentsa passer-bythree passers-by 过路人a brother-in-lawfour brothers-in-law 姐夫（2）.如没有主体名词，则在词末加-se.g.e.g.a grown-upmany grown-ups成年人

7、（3）.man,woman 作定语，构成复合名词时，两部分都要变成复数e.g.two men doctorsthree women teachers二不可数名词不可数名词：1.1.无复数形式，也不能由不定冠词无复数形式，也不能由不定冠词 a/ana/an 限定；包括物质名词和抽象名词限定；包括物质名词和抽象名词（1）专有名词：BBC 英国广播公司Mark Twain马克吐温the West Lake西湖（2）物质名词：wind,gas,light,bread,sand,rice,sugar（3）抽象名词：happiness,music,fun,progress,weather,housewor

8、k（4）部分名词的两重性：既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词work（著作/工作）glass（眼镜、玻璃杯/玻璃）room（房间/空间）chicken（小鸡/鸡肉）experience（经历/经验）exercise（练习/锻炼）wood（森林/木头）拓展：常见易错的不可数名词：air,news,advice,furniture,traffic,information,weather,luck,clothing,progress,equipment,fire,fun,grass,money,meat,waste,wealth,population,time2.2.不可数名词的数量关系可借助量词表示

9、不可数名词的数量关系可借助量词表示如：如：a cup of tea;a cup of tea;two cups of teatwo cups of tea(1)利用“few,a few,many,a number of,a large number of=large numbers of+可数名词(2)利用“little,a little,a bit of,much,a great deal of,a large amount of”+不可数名词(3)“some,any,most,a lot of=lots of,plenty of”+可数名词/不可数名词名词复数练习题名词复数练习题1.The

10、y come from different _.A.countryB.countriesC.a countryD.countrys2.How many _ do you see in the picture?A.tomatosB.tomatoesC.tomatoD.the tomato3.There are some _ in these _.A.knifespencil-boxesB.knivespencils-boxC.knivespencil-boxD.knivespencils-boxes4.There is no _ in the plate.A.applesB.orangesC.r

11、iceD.eggs5.I like to eat cake with _.A.cherriesB.cherryC.cherrys6._ and _ are not friends.fire（火灾/火）paper（论文、文件、报纸、卷子/纸）food（各种各样的食品/食物）fruit（水果种类/水果总称）beer/tea/coffee cloth（油布、桌布/布料）difficulty（难事/困难）uccess（成功的人/成功）A.FoxswolfsB.Foxes wolfsC.Foxeswolves7.This isroom.Its very big.A.Lily and LucysB.Lil

12、ys and LucysC.Lilys and Lucy8.Do you want some for supper?A、a potatoB、potatoesC、potatos9.In autumn，you can see a lot of on the ground.A、leaf B、leafsC、leaves10.My sister has two .One is old，the other is new.A、a watch B、watchsC、watches 2.请用括号中名词的复数形式填空1 Look at those _.(child)2 I can see a _ standing

13、near the door.(policeman)3 Two _ live in this building.(family)4 In autumn,you can see a lot of _ on the ground.(leaf)5 He has two _.One is blue,the other is yellow.(box)三、名词所有格三、名词所有格名词所有格：英语中名词可在词尾加-s s 作定语，修饰另一个名词，表示所有关系。名词所有格有三种构成形式：s s 所有格、of 所有格、双重所有格。1、s s 所有格（1）s s 所有格形式的构成1）一般情况，在名词词尾加-s se

14、.g.my brothere.g.my brother s bags bag2)如果名词已经有复数词尾“-s”，则只加-e.g.the teacherse.g.the teachers office office3)如果名词是复数，但不带词尾“-s”，则加-s se.g.Womene.g.Women s Days Day4)复合名词及作整体的名词词组，在最后一个名词词尾加-s se.g.my father-in-lawe.g.my father-in-law s friends friendeach othereach other s addressess addressessomebody

15、elsesomebody else s opinions opinion5)如果几个词共同拥有的所有关系时，则只在最后一个名词后面加上-s se.g.Tom and Jime.g.Tom and Jim s fathers father6)6)如果表示几个各自的所有关系时，则每个名词后面都要加上-s se.g.Lilye.g.Lily s and Lucys and Lucy s roomss rooms（2）表示无生命的名词的所有关系：1）表示地理、国家、城市、世界等地方名称的词，our countrys development2）表示时间、距离、金钱等的名词，yesterdays news

16、paper,a miles distance,a dollars worthof apple,two days trip3）表示度量、价值、重量等的名词，three miles walk4）表示天体、自然现象、拟人等名称的词，the earths satellite,Chinas weather,the moonslight,the worlds people,the earths air2、of 所有格：“of+名词”一般适用于无生命的名词（1）表示无生命的名词的所有关系“的”e.g.e.g.the gate of our school（2）有生命的名词 s s 所有格与 ofof 所有格可

17、以相互转换：the guests arrivalthe name of the girl=the girls name名词所有格练习：名词所有格练习：1.He said he would try every _ to help us.A.meanB.meaningC.meansD.ways2.One of the consequences of our planets being warming up is a(n)_ in the numberof natural disasters.A.resultB.accountC.reasonD.increase3.Towards evening,_

18、 came,which made things even worse.A.cold rainB.cold rainsC.the cold rainD.a cold rain4.Mum,Im thirsty.There is some _ in the bottle.Help yourself.A.orangeB.applesC.bananasD.bread5._ are playing tennis in the playground.A.The BrownsB.The BrownsC.BrownsD.Browns6.Be careful.There is a _ hole in the ground.A.two-foot-deepB.two-feet-deepC.two-foot deepD.two-feet deep7.I have three pen friends.One is _,the other two are _.A.Japanese;AmericaB.Russian;GermanyC.Canada;AustraliaD.English;Frenchmen8.Can you get a piano for me,dear?But there isnt enough _ for it in our house.A.placeB.floorC.roomD.ground