2019版高考英语一轮巩固达标练 Unit 1 Festivals around the world（含解析）新人教版必修3.doc

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1、1UnitUnit 1 1 FestivalsFestivals aroundaround thethe worldworld李仕才*阅读理解。Everyone knows that death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two stages clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when t

2、he vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the “breaking up” of vital cells and tissues. Death is then unchangeable and final.Scientists h

3、ave been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling the organism, combined with narcotic (麻醉) sleep. By slowing down the bodys metabolism (新陈代谢), cooling delays the proc

4、esses leading to biological death.To show how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 de

5、grees the scientists began taking blood out from an artery (动脉). The monkeys blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pum

6、ped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes Ketas heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous (自发的) breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientist

7、s tried to give her a penicillin (青霉素) injection, Keta seized the syringe (注射器)and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.1.For a person who suffers from the clinical death _.2A. he is still very much aliveB. he cannot avoid final deathC. his most imp

8、ortant organs are damaged foreverD. he still has the possibility of getting back to life2.Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to _.A. cool the organismB. delay the coming of biological deathC. slow down the bodys metabolismD. bring vital cells and tissues back to active

9、 life3.The text mainly talks about _.A. clinical death and biological deathB.an experiment on a monkeyC. the meaning of deathD. the process before death4.From the underlined sentence in the last paragraph we can know that _.A. Keta was impoliteB. Keta was healthyC. Keta was illD. Keta was crazy【文章大意

10、】本文主要叙述了为了延缓生理死亡的到来，科学家尽量延长临床死亡的时间。1.D 【解析】细节理解题。由文章第一段内容“Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved”可知，一个临床死亡的人还有可能活过来，故选 D。3.A 【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出了人类死亡的两个阶段：临床死亡和生理死亡；第二段提出

11、科学家们想办法延长临床死亡；第三段通过用猴子做实验来验证延长临床死亡的方法，故本文主要论述了临床死亡和生理死亡，选 A 项。4.B 【解析】推理判断题。结合文章最后一句“Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.” （她的行为无异于健康动物的行为） ，可推知划线部分句子说明3Keta 是健康的，故选 B 项。*语法填空。Located in the northwest of Hunan Province, about 300 kilometers away from Changsha, capital of Hunan

12、, Zhangjiajie, _1_covers a total area of 9,653 square kilometers, is a tourist city for its unique natural scenery and abundant tourism resources. Zhangjiajie _2_(award) the title of “World Geological Park” in 2004. _3_(actual), Zhangjiajie, honoured as “the most fantastic mountain under heaven” and

13、 “a walking Chinese landscape painting” ， is also widely praised as “_4_enlarged potted landscaping” “a mini fairyland” and “a maze (迷宫) of nature” ， attracting a growing number of tourists _5_home and abroad.Since it was discovered in the 1980s, tourism industry _6_ (become) the leading industry in

14、 Zhangjiajie, which has stimulated the development of other industries _7_(relate) to tourism. At the same time, ecotourism has been developed rapidly in Zhangjiajie. When you come to Zhangjiajie, you can fully appreciate _8_(it) magnificent natural scenery and experience appealing folk custom as we

15、ll as other thrilling tourist _9_(activity), and you will be deeply impressed by _10_is performed by the minorities there.It must be an exciting, joyful and unforgettable tour to Zhangjiajie.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文介绍了湖南省张家界的地理位置、荣誉称号、旅游业的发展等情况。1which 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结

16、构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为 Zhangjiajie，关系词在从句中作主语，故用 which。2was awarded 考查动词的时态和语态。主语 Zhangjiajie 和动词 award 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据该句中的时间状语“in 2004”可知，应用一般过去时。3Actually 考查词性转换。空处修饰整个句子，故用副词形式。4an 考查冠词。根据语境可知，该处泛指“一幅放大的盆栽风景画” ，空后的enlarged 的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词 an。5at 考查介词。这里指“吸引了国内外的大量游客” ，at home and abroad 为固定短语，

17、意为“在国内外” ，故用 at。6has become 考查动词的时态。根据该句中的时间状语“Since it was . 41980s”可知，空处表示过去的动作对现在产生的影响，故用现在完成时。7related 考查非谓语动词。be related to 为固定搭配，此句中，动词 relate 和名词 industries 之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作名词的后置定语。8its 考查代词。根据该句中的“magnificent natural scenery”可知，应用形容词性物主代词 its，指张家界的。9activities 考查名词复数。张家界景点的旅游活动有多种，故用复数

18、形式。10what 考查宾语从句的连接词。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作介词by 的宾语，且空处在从句中作主语，表示“的事物” ，故用 what。*完形填空。When you give thanks for help，everyone benefits.And the _1_ will last longer than youd expect：researchers have found that writing thankyou notes raises peoples _2_ levels for up to six months.“If you express gratitude

19、 in a diary，it makes you happier，but if you _3_ it with the person who helped you，it has the _4_ to bring you two closer together， ”says researcher Jeff Tsang.Lawyer John Kralik experienced this personally.Hed been feeling depressed and _5_ about his life：Hed been divorced and wasnt _6_ with his chi

20、ldren.He felt tired from the _7_ hours he devoted to work.At a/an _8_ low point，he remembered his grandfather telling him about the importance of _9_.He decided to write 365 thankyou notes over 365 days，hoping for a/an _10_ change.Immediately，he noticed his _11_ begin to improve.“The first effects a

21、re that you realise that your life is much better than you thought and you become more positive， ”Kralik says of his _12_ acts of expressing thanks._13_ by Kraliks experience，I decided to try the _14_ myself.I chose someone from my past whom Id _15_ thanked before：my wonderful highschool English tea

22、cher.I wasnt sure if Id be able to _16_ him，but eventually I found where he lived.In my letter，I thanked him for the _17_ and support that hed given me years earlier.I may never hear from him _18_，but that isnt the _19_.The letter helped me _20_ my life，and Ive been happy now for months.1A.time Btho

23、ughtsCeffects Drelationship52A.education BhappinessCincome Dhealth3A.share BcompleteCcompare Dleave4A.method BdesireCenergy Dpotential5A.discouraged BdishonestCimpatient Dsurprised6A.bored BstrictCclose Dhonest7A.limited BvaluableCdelightful Dlong8A.importantly BparticularlyCphysically Dexactly9A.fo

24、rgiveness BachievementCgratefulness Dpatience10A.positive BunexpectedCpossible Dinstant11A.wealth BattitudeCposition Dcompetence12A.generous BstrangeCbrave Dsimple13A.Struck BInspiredCShocked DInvited14A.idea BbeliefCletter Dtest15A.nearly BfrequentlyCalready Dnever16A.remember BrecogniseClocate Dre

25、ward17A.degree BmoneyCgift Dguidance18A.in advance Bin publicCin return Din person619A.case BpointCfact Dsolution20A.appreciate BunderstandCface Dreview【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过亲身经历告诉我们这样一个道理：当你对别人表达出感谢之情时，你会变得更快乐。1C 考查名词辨折。根据“benefits”并结合第一段可知，此处指感谢别人对自己的影响要比你预想的长久。C 项意为“效果，影响” ，符合语境。A 项意为“时间” ；B 项意为“想

26、法” ；D 项意为“关系” ，均与语境不符。故答案选 C。2B 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指写感谢信可以提高人们的幸福水平。B项意为“幸福” ，符合语境。A 项意为“教育” ；C 项意为“收入” ；D 项意为“健康” ，均与语境不符。故答案选 B。3A 考查动词辨析。根据此句中的“bring you two closer together”可知，此处指与帮助你的人分享这件事。share sth.with sb.意为“与某人分享某物” ，符合语境。B项意为“完成，实现” ；C 项意为“比较” ；D 项意为“离开” ，均与语境不符。故答案选A。4D 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指如果你与

27、帮助你的人一起分享感激之情，这就有可能将你们两人之间的距离拉近。D 项意为“可能性，潜能” ，符合语境。A 项意为“方法” ；B 项意为“欲望” ；C 项意为“精力” ，均与语境不符。故答案选 D。5A 考查形容词辨折。根据该句中的“feeling depressed”可知，此处应用“discouraged”与“depressed”并列，指他对生活感到沮丧。 A 项意为“泄气的” ，符合语境。B 项意为“不诚实的” ；C 项意为“没有耐心的” ；D 项意为“感到惊讶的” ，均与语境不符。故答案选 A。6C 考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“Hed been divorced”可知，他已经离婚了，并

28、且与孩子也不亲近。C 项意为“亲近的，亲密的” ，符合语境。A 项意为“无聊的” ；B 项意为“严格的” ；D 项意为“诚实的” ，均与语境不符。故答案选 C。7D 考查形容词辨析。根据“felt tired from”可推知，此处指因为长时间的工作，所以他感到疲劳。D 项意为“长的” ，符合语境。A 项意为“有限的” ；B 项意为“有价值的”；C 项意为“高兴的” ，均与语境不符。故答案选 D。8B 考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，他离婚了，和孩子也不亲近，而且工作辛苦，所以这是他人生的低谷。B 项意为“尤其，特别” ，符合语境。A 项意为“重要地” ；C 项意为“身体上” ；D 项意为“恰恰，

29、正好” ，均与语境不符。故答案选 B。9C 考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“He decided to write 365 thankyou notes”可知，此处指他记起祖父告诉过他感激的重要性。C 项意为“感激” ，符合语境。A 项意为7“原谅” ；B 项意为“成就” ；D 项意为“耐心” ，均与语境不符。故答案选 C。10A 考查形容词辨析。根据下一段第二句中的“you become more positive”可知，此处指他希望通过这种方式获得一个积极的改变。A 项意为“积极的” ，符合语境。B 项意为“出人意料的” ；C 项意为“可能的” ；D 项意为“立即的” ，均与语境不符。故答案选

30、A。11B 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，这位律师正处于人生的低谷时期，然后通过写感谢信使得他的态度开始改善。B 项意为“态度” ，符合语境。A 项意为“财富” ；C 项意为“位置” ；D 项意为“能力” ，均与语境不符。故答案选 B。12D 考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“expressing thanks”可知，写感谢信只是表达感谢的一个简单的行为。D 项意为“简单的” ，符合语境。A 项意为“慷慨的” ；B 项意为“奇怪的” ；C 项意为“勇敢的” ，均与语境不符。故答案选 D。13B 考查动词辨析。根据下文可知， “我”也决定写感谢信了。由此推断出， “我”是受了 Kralik 的经历的鼓

31、舞。B 项意为“鼓舞，激励” ，符合语境。故答案选 B。14A 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知， “我”决定亲自试试这个想法。A 项意为“想法，主意” ，符合语境。B 项意为“信念” ；C 项意为“信” ；D 项意为“测试” ，均与语境不符。故答案选 A。15D 考查副词辨析。根据语境可知， “我”不知道这位高中英语老师的地址，所以他是“我”以前从未感谢过的人。D 项意为“从未” ，符合语境。A 项意为“几乎” ；B 项意为“经常” ；C 项意为“已经” ，均与语境不符。故答案选 D。16C 考查动词辨析。根据“but eventually I found where he lived”可知，此处

32、指“我”不知道是否能够找到他。C 项意为“找出的准确位置” ，符合语境。A 项意为“记得” ；B 项意为“认出” ；D 项意为“奖励，奖赏” ，均与语境不符。故答案选 C。17D 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知， “我”感谢的对象是“我”的一位高中英语老师，所以“我”应是感谢他给予“我”的指导和帮助。D 项意为“指导” ，符合语境。A 项意为“程度，等级” ；B 项意为“金钱” ；C 项意为“礼物” ，均与语境不符。故答案选 D。18C 考查介词短语辨析。根据常识可知， “我”写感谢信给多年前的老师，而老师不一定会回信给“我” 。C 项意为“作出回应” ，符合语境。A 项意为“提前” ；B 项意为

33、“公开地” ；D 项意为“亲自” ，均与语境不符。故答案选 C。19B 考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“Ive been happy now for months”可知，“我”快乐了几个月，所以此处指老师是否回信不是重点。B 项意为“重点，要点” ，符合语境。A 项意为“事例” ；C 项意为“事实” ；D 项意为“解决方法” ，均与语境不符。故答案选 B。20A 考查动词辨析。联系全文的内容可知，文章主要是关于表达出感谢可以给自己带来快乐，所以此处指这封感谢信帮助“我”感激“我”的生活， “我”为此快乐了几个月。8A 项意为“感激” ，符合语境。B 项意为“理解” ；C 项意为“面对” ；D 项意

34、为“回顾” ，均与语境不符。故答案选 A。*短文改错。As a senior three student, I often imagine how I will be doing in the future. Talked about my dream job, I expect to be an English teacher for the following reasons：First, Im an energetic and outgoing boy with great patient. Thats what a qualified teacher should had, in my

35、 opinion. Besides, I am crazy about the English language, I am doing quite well. Above all, teachers are generally respect. With two vacations each year, I may enjoy more relaxed time. As an ambitious boy, I hope to take up a job which is beneficial for society. Being a good teacher may influence mo

36、re students to shoulder his responsibilities and contribute to their country.In a short, Ill work very hard to become a popular English teacher.答案：As a senior three student, I often imagine I will be doing in the howwhatfuture. about my dream job, I expect to be an English teacher for the TalkedTalk

37、ingfollowing reasons：First, Im an energetic and outgoing boy with great . Thats what patientpatiencea qualified teacher should ， in my opinion. Besides, I am crazy about hadhavethe English language, I am doing quite well. Above all, teachers are andgenerally . With two vacations each year, I may enj

38、oy more respectrespectedtime. As an ambitious boy, I hope to take up a job which is relaxedrelaxingbeneficial society. Being a good teacher may influence more students to fortoshoulder responsibilities and contribute to their country.histheirIn short, Ill work very hard to become a popular English teacher.难项分析：9第二处：TalkedTalking 考查非谓语动词。I 和 talk about 为逻辑上的主谓关系，且 talk about 和 expect to be 所表示的动作同时发生，故用现在分词作状语。第五处：I 前加 and 考查连词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，前后两句话为并列关系，故应用连词 and。第八处：forto 考查固定搭配。be beneficial to 表示“对有益” 。*