初三英语二轮复习语法系列 第十五讲五大基本简单句(全国通用).pdf

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1、五大简单句五大简单句一、定义：定义：句子中只有一个主语（或者并列主语），一个谓语动词（或者并列谓语）的叫做简单句。二、类别二、类别1.主语+谓语（不及物动词）The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起The class begins.开始上课2.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语I like apples.我喜欢苹果He often helps me.他经常帮助我3.主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语My mother bought me a bike.我的妈妈给我买了一辆自行车He gives his sister an apple.他给他的妹妹一个苹果4.主语+谓

2、语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语I find the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣He often makes us laugh.他经常使我们笑5.主语+系动词+表语The film is interesting.电影很有趣The food tastes delicious.食物尝起来很美味三、句子成分1.主语：句子中说明的人或事，即句子谈论的主题可以充当主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、句子1）The apple is big.（名词 apple）2）He likes reading（代词 he）3）Three hours is enough to

3、 do homework.（数词 three）4）Watching TV is my hobby.（动名词 watching）5）To get there is not easy.（不定式 to get）6）What you need is to get some sleep.（句子 what you need）2.谓语动词：说明主语的动作、状态、特征；由动词来充当，有人称、数、时态的变化。可以充当谓语动词的有：be 动词、动词原形、动词单三、动词过去时、情态动词+动词原形、助动词+动词原形、助动词+动词过去分词、be+过去分词1）He is a worker.（be 动词 is）2）He s

4、peaks English（单三 speaks）3）They like reading books.（原形 like）4）He worked in the factory two years ago（过去时 worked）5）He can dance.（情态动词 can+dance）6）I will see a film.（助动词 will+see）7）She has finished her homework.（助动词 has+finished）8）The book is writen by Moyan.（be 动词 is+writen）3.宾语：动作的承受着可以充当宾语的有：名词、代词、数

5、词、动名词、不定式、句子1）I like apples.（名词 apples）2）How many books do you need?We need ten.（数词 ten）3）I like watching TV（动名词 watching）4）He wants to go home.（不定式 to go）5）He said he wanted to go home.（句子 he wanted to go home）4.表语：表示主语的性质、状态、特征可以充当表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词1）He is a teacher.（名词 a teacher）2）

6、One and one is two.（数词 two）3）Who did this?Its him.（代词 him）4）The food smells delicious.（形容词 delicious）5）The book is on the desk.（介词短语 on the desk）6）To see is to believe.（不定式 to believe）7）His hobby is collecting stamps.（动名词 collecting）8）My bike is broken（过去分词 broken）5.宾语补足语：对宾语的补充说明，说明宾语的身份、状态，和宾语在逻辑上

7、有主谓关系。可以充当宾补的有：名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语1）We call him Tom.（名词 Tom）2）She makes me happy（形容词 happy）3）He tells me to go home.（不定式 to go）4）I hear someone singing.（现在分词 singing）5）I found my book at home.（介词短语 at home）6.定语：修饰限定名词或代词可以充当定语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词、动名词、分词、不定式、定语从句1）He is a Chinese teacher.（名词 Chinese）

8、2）He is our teacher（代词 our）3）This is the third book.（数词 third）4）That is a good car.（形容词 good）5）The man over there is our teacher.（副词 over there 做后置定语）6）The girl in red is my sister.（介词 in red 做后置定语）7）This is a swimming pool.（动名词 swimming）8）The man standing there is Mr Brown.（现在分词做后置定语）9）The house built last month is broken.（过去分词 built 做后置定语）10）I have a lot of homework to do.（to do 做后置定语）11）I know the man who is over there.（句子 Who is over there）