文献译文-新型的基于web的在线考试系统(共6页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上A NOVEL WEB-BASED ONLINE EXAMINATION SYSTEM FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATIONYuan Zhenming1, Zhang Liang2, Zhan Guohua3AbstractWeb-based Examination System is an effective solution for mass education evaluation. We have developed a novel online examination system based on a Browser/Server

2、framework which carries out the examination and auto-grading for objective questions and operating questions, such as programming, operating Microsoft Windows, editing Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint, etc. It has been successfully applied to the distance evaluation of basic operating skills of

3、computer science, such as the course of computer skills in Universities and the nationwide examination for the high school graduates in Zhejiang Province, China.1. WEB-BASED ONLINE EXAMINATION SYSTEM1.1The aim of the examination systemAs a universal examination system for the education of basic comp

4、uter operation, it must meet the following requirements:1. A reasonable question storage, which must conform to the general outline of the exam.2. A practical interface. There are two types of exam interfaces. One is the simulation, the other is the actual environment. The second scheme will give th

5、e student computer skills.3. A range of question types, such as objective questions, operating questions, design questions, information retrieval, group testing, etc.4. A safety and reliable examination system.1.2 The components of WOESThe Web based Online Examination System (WOES) is a multi-layer

6、system which is composed of the Web Server, Database Server, and WOES middleware Server, WOES client module and Browser, such as Internet Explorer. In this system, we use the Internet Information Server 4.0(IIS) as the Web Server, the Database Server is Microsoft SQL Server 7.0.The kernel of WOES is

7、 the WOES middleware Serve and the WOES client module, which is designed according to Microsoft DCOM standards. DCOM is the binary COM objects extension jointing LAN, WAN and Internet, which can instance and bind objects over different network. It is an advanced network protocol used to cooperate wi

8、th COM based components of two processes in different locations. The WOES middleware Server is a server-side component The WOES middleware Server is a server-side component providing communication interfaces between WOES clients and the Web Server or Database Server. The WOES client is a client-side

9、 component, which is called by the Browser to control the client computer and submit or receive information from the WOES Server. This technology guarantees the flexibility and the potential for extension of the test system. In addition, it allows access to local files, whereas in conventional syste

10、ms, the IE security prevents such access.1.3 The key technologies of WOES1. A user-friendly interfaceWe use browser as our users interface. The Browser interface has a uniform and consistent user interface. Almost everyone is able to use it skillfully. Therefore it can eliminate the differences of v

11、arious exam systems and guarantee a fair test.2. Simplified system maintenanceSince the system is based on Browser/Server architecture, the teacher can update the system or the question database o examine the students database only in Server. It is not necessary to update the client system as the Cl

12、ient/Server must do.3. Central examination managementProfiting from the central controlled system, the teacher can easily control the examination process, such as the beginning and end of the exam, collecting the answers and monitoring the students conditions on the teachers screen.4. SecurityThe mo

13、st severe difficulty which the B/S based system faces is security, because in principle the web-based examination system can be accessed on the Internet or WAN in a city.All the questions, materials and answers are transmitted in bits stream format after encoding, not in file format. It can ensure n

14、ot only security in the transmission process, but also protect from invasion. When one student starts his test, the system will distribute him a password produced according to his clients hardware and operation system environment. It can prevent cribbers to login from other clients imitating this st

15、udent.The newest method to prevent the distant student from leaving the client or is making use of face detection and recognition technology. Before the start of the exam, the student is asked to sit in front of the computer camera, which can monitor the whole scene. Then the system will automatical

16、ly recognize the students face and his identification. As soon as the validation is performed, the student must stay in front of the camera until the exam is finished.2. AUTO-GRADING SYSTEMThe auto-grading system can automatically grade the answers, which are collected from the examination system. I

17、t helps teachers to achieve the score with ease.There are two types of the grading: objective questions and operating questions. Objective questions, such as choice questions, yes/no questions, and fill-in questions, can be graded effectively by accurate matching or fuzzy matching. But it is difficu

18、lt to grade operating questions by simple matching technologies. A possible solution could be: Reading the answer file directly and comparing it to the key file. But this is not practical because the format of Microsoft Office files is complicated. Another solution is: (2) grading by using the Offic

19、e OLE object. This method is convenient and efficient, but it has a big disadvantage: the source code of the grading system is closely related to the concrete question, which results in a large amount of work when the questions are changed.We propose a universalized grading system, which is carried

20、out on the basis of a database of key knowledge.First, we extract all possible knowledge points and store them in a triple form: (key, value, location). Then we produce the question file by labeling the question point directly on it; the system will add the corresponding question key to the standard

21、 key library. So, the last process of auto-grading system is to compare the answer file with the standard key library. The auto-grading system also allows the teacher to add his /her own questions to our examination system.3. CONCLUSIONWe have developed an overall solution to the examination system

22、for practical computer skills. It provides a user- friendly platform of various questions for the basic computer education in Universities. Hundreds of thousands of students and teachers have used this system and agree that it has effectively raised the learning and testing efficiency.一种新型的基于web的在线考

23、试系统Yuan Zhenming1, Zhang Liang2, Zhan Guohua3摘要基于web的在线考试系统是大众教育评估的一种有效解决方法。我们已经基于浏览器/服务器架构开发了一种在线考试系统，该系统已经实现了生成试题以及自动阅卷，比如编写程序，操作windows系统，使用微软公司的word、excel、PPT等等。它已经被成功应用到计算机科学课程的基本操作考试当中，比如高校的或者全国范围内的计算机技术课程， 并且也在中国浙江省的高中毕业生考试中实施。 1. 基于web的在线考试系统1.1 考试的目的对于基本的电脑操作教育的通用考试系统，它一定符合下列的需求：(1)一个合理的题库。

24、一定遵照考试的一般大纲。(2)一个实用的界面。考试有两种类型。一种是模拟考试，另一个是真考。第二个方案将会带给学生计算机技能。(3)丰富的题目类型，比如客观题、计算题、程序设计题、简答题等等。(4)安全和可靠的考试系统。1.2 在线考试系统的组成基于Web的在线考试系统是一个多层次的系统组成的Web服务器，包括数据库服务器，在线考试系统的中间件服务器，在线考试系统的客户端模块和浏览器模块，如Internet Explorer。在这个系统中，我们使用Internet Information Server 4.0（IIS）的作为Web服务器，数据库服务器是Microsoft SQL Server

25、7.0。在线考试系统的核心是中间件服务器和考试系统的客户端模块，这样的设计是据微软的DCOM标准。 DCOM是二进制COM对象的延伸拔节局域网，广域网和互联网，例如物体在不同的网络它可以约束。它是一种先进的网络协议用来配合基于COM的组成部分，这两个进程在不同的地点。该考试系统中间件服务器是一个服务器端组件提供通信接口之间的考试系统客户端和Web服务器或数据库服务器。在考试系统的客户端是一个客户端组件，这就是所谓的用浏览器来控制客户端计算机，并提交或接收来自考试系统服务器的信息。这一技术保证了灵活性和延伸测试系统的潜力。此外，它允许访问本地文件，而在传统系统中，IE安全阻止这种访问。1.3 在

26、线考试系统的主要技术1、友好的界面我们用浏览器作为我们的用户界面。浏览器界面有一个统一的和一致的用户界面。几乎每个人都能够熟练地使用它。因此，它可以消除各种考试系统的差异，保证考试公平。2、单一化系统维护因为系统以浏览器/服务器为基础。老师能更新系统或者问题数据库。只用在服务器中检查学生的数据。而客户/服务器的客户系统是不必需更新的。3、中央考试管理中央管理系统有益于老师能容易地控制像开始和结束考试的这样的考试程序。在老师的荧屏上收集答案和监控学生考试情况。4、安全性该B / S为基础的系统面临的最严重的困难是安全性，因为在原则上基于web的考试系统可以在任何一个城市通过互联网上访问。 所有的

27、问题，材料和答案被在入码之后以一点点数据流格式传输，不以文件的格式。它能保证不只是传输程序的安全，还有传输内容的保护。当一位学生开始他的测试的时候，系统将根据他操作的硬件和环境给他分配密码。它能避免不怀好意的人模仿这一位学生，从其他的客户端登录。最新的方法是利用人脸检测与识别技术以防止遥远的学生离开客户端。开始考试前，在整个现场学生坐在电脑摄像头前可以监控。然后，系统会自动识别学生的脸。一旦执行验证，学生必须留在摄影机前，直到考试结束。2. 自动评分系统自动评分系统能够自动批改从考试系统中收集的答案。它能够帮助教师轻松地得到学生考试的分数。考试系统中有两种类型的阅卷：客观题和简答题。对于客观题

28、来说，比如选择题，判断题或者填空题，通过精确匹配或者模糊匹配能被有效批改。但是通过匹配技术是很难对简答题进行有效批改的。一种可能的解决方法是：直接读取问题答案与标准答案作对比，但这种方法是不可行的因为Microsoft Office的文件格式是非常复杂的。 另外有一种解决方法是:通过OLE方式操作OFFICE达到阅卷的目的。这一个方法是方便的、有效率的。但是它有一个很大的缺点:：评分系统的源代码是与具体问题密切相关的，当实际问题被改变的时候，会导致大量的工作。我们在标准答案数据库的基础上，提出了一种统一的评分系统。首先，我们提取出所有可能的知识点，并且用三重的形式储存他们：（钥匙、价值、位置）。然后我们通过直接标记问题点创建问题文件夹，系统会添加对应的答案到标准答案库中。因此，自动评分系统的最后一步是将问题答案和标准答案进行对比。同时，自动评分系统也允许教师在考试系统中添加他自创的题目。3. 结论我们已为计算机技能在线考试系统研制出了一种整体的解决方案。它为高校的计算机教育提供了一种友好的平台。成千上万的学生和老师都使用了这个系统，并认同其已有效地提高了学习和考试的效率。专心-专注-专业