初中英语选词填空解题技巧.pdf

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1、初中英语选词填空解题技巧初中英语选词填空解题技巧根据平时的观察，学生在做英语的“选词填空时，遭遇较多困难，有的甚至条件反射一样畏惧或厌烦。在此，分享平时积累的解题技巧和训练技巧略，希望能给同学们提供一点帮助。“选词填空要求学生利用所给的1212 个词汇个词汇(一般有名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词和连词等)补全一篇有 1010 个空缺的短文个空缺的短文。要攻克这一难关，学生除了要进行大量的课外阅读，积累丰富的语言知识外，还需掌握一定的解题技巧。1.在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性词性作简单的标记标记，例如：名词-n.，

2、动词-v.，形容词-a.，副词-ad.等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。2.通读全文，语义完整、适用、符合逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文的句子，充分理解短充分理解短文的内容文的内容，注意发现固定搭配发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜想空格猜想空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。3.在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构保证句式结构的正确。对于名词名词，要考虑是否要把它变成复数变成复数或“所有格所有格形式。例如：match-matches,friend-friends/friends。其他还要考虑名词是否

3、需要变成形容词名词是否需要变成形容词，例如：sun-sunny,use-useful/useless/used,danger-dangerous；对于动词动词，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式-to do,现在分词-doing,过去分词-done,固定搭配-enjoy doing sth./used to do sth./have sth.done)；对于形容词和副词形容词和副词，要主动去判定它们之间的相互转换相互转换，是否需要变成比拟级或最高级比拟级或最高级，还有以及形容词变名词形容词变名词的需求也需考虑，例如：interesting-mo

4、re/the most interesting,happy-happily，happy-happiness;对于代词，注意区分主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词区分主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；对于数词，要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法，例如：three-third,2/3-two thirds,one thousand/thousands of；对于冠词，只需要在 a a 或或 anan 之间判别，如 a girl/an old man;对于介词和连词时，就更简单，只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配，填入即可。为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口

5、溜为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：空前空后要注意，“名词单复数要牢记，还有 s 不能弃，“动词注意要变形，“形副注意要用三种级，要填“数词请留意，千万别忘“基 和“序，填入“代词需慎重，五格变化要谨记。4.完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。检查单词拼写单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态时态、语态、惯用法惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位切勿错位。总结：做题技巧总结：做题技巧1 1统览全局，把握大意。统览全局，把握大意。要填的单词肯定是在一定的语言环境中才能确定。只有了解了短文的大意，把握了全局才能主导方向，从而有助于正确理解空缺词所在的句子，缩小词

6、的选择范围。2 2根据语法，判定词性。根据语法，判定词性。一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性。进一步缩小词的选择范围,从而正确地选词。3 3利用语境，确定词形利用语境，确定词形。当确定了一个单词的词性后可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。如动词的人称数、时态、语态、不定式、动词的-ing 形式；名词的数和所有格；代词的各种形式及单复数；形容词、副词的比拟级以及基数词、序数词的转换形式等。4 4复读全文，验正答案。复读全文，验正答案。填完单词后，不可孤立地逐个检查词，而必须将所有填入的词代入文章中，复读全文，仔细检查所填词是否符合文章的情景内容，读起来是否流畅，是否符合句法，单

7、词拼写是否有误，单词形式是否正确等。发现问题及时更正。通过再读全文，很可能利用语感将个别特别难的空处顺口“读出来。1例题：例题：20212021 年河南省中招选词填空题节选年河南省中招选词填空题节选阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。请将答写在短文后相应题号的横线上。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。方框中有两个词是多余的。dirtywithhavealwaystimetheylargewantspeaklessonfirstdropAfter a quick breakfast,I went into the lecture hall in a hurryA f

8、amous teacher was66to thestudentsHe was holding up a$100 billThen he said to the three hundred students，“Who would like this$100 bill?The students put up67hands at onceThen he said，“I am going to give this$100 bill toone of you，but68，let me do thisHe made the bill into a ballThen he said.“Who 69it n

9、ow?The hands went back into the air“Well,he said，“what if I do this?and he70it on the floor andstepped on itHe picked up the7lbill and said“Who still wants it?Hands went back again into theair.My friends,he said，“you have learned a valuable(有价值的)72todayNo matter what I didto the$100 bill!Many 73in o

10、ur life，we are dropped and stepped onWe feel as if we are worthnothingBut remember,no matter what74happened to you，you will never lose your value：You are75valuable to those people who love you Your value doesnt come from what you do or whom you know,but who you are.1.单词诠释；进行预判1.1.dirtydirty make the

11、 room dirty make the room dirty2.2.with -without with -without 3.3.havehave 拥有拥有 -has(-has(单三单三)had()had(过去式过去式)havehave ：构成完成时构成完成时 have done/has done/had donehave done/has done/had done4.4.alwaysalways：be always doingbe always doing 一直干某事一直干某事5.5.time time 时间时间have a good/bad timehave a good/bad t

12、imeTime is precious.Time is precious.时代时代in modern/old timesin modern/old times6.6.they theythey they 主格主格-them-them 宾格宾格-themselves-themselves 反身代词反身代词theirtheir 形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词-theirs-theirs 名词性物主代词名词性物主代词7.large 7.large 比拟级比拟级 largerlarger最高级最高级 largestlargest副词副词 largelylargely8.want want sth.8

13、.want want sth.want sb.to do sth.want sb.to do sth.9.speak 9.speak speak to/with sb.speak to/with sb.speak about sth.speak about sth.10.give sb.a lesson10.give sb.a lesson 给某人个教训给某人个教训learn a lessonlearn a lesson 学习一课学习一课11.first-firstly;at first;then11.first-firstly;at first;then2.缺词通读全文，经行预判 dropp

14、ed;drop sth.on the ground dropped;drop sth.on the ground3.瞻前顾后，仔细填空，注意单词的变形。12 drop -dropped12 drop -dropped针对性练习：针对性练习：一forget，bring，mend，beside，luck，pick，same，differently，I，every，stop，eachMr.Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town.People sometimes 1_him brokenumbrellas,and then he took them to

15、a big shop in London.They were 2_there.One day Mr.Brown went to London by train.He 3 _to take an umbrella with him that day.Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 _the seat.When the train arrivedin London,Mr.Brown 5_up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train.J

16、ust as hewas getting off,he was6_by the man.He said angrily,“Thats 7_!Mr.Brown s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once.When Mr Brown got to the big shop,the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready.After a good lookat 8 _of them,he said,“Youve mended them very well.In the afternoo

17、n he got into the train again.The 9_man was in the same seat.He looked at2Mr Brown and his six umbrellas,“Youve had a 10 _day,he said.二before,discover,fast,in,come,watch,so,fast it,ago,shine,not canLight travels at a speed(速度)which is about a million times 1 _than that of sound.2_one second,light tr

18、avels about 300,000 kilometers,but sound travels only 340 meters.Youcan get some idea of this difference by 3 _the start of a running match.If you stand far awayfrom the starter(发令员),you can see smoke 4 _from his gun 5_ the soundreaches your ears.The fast speed of light produces some strange facts.T

19、he nearest star is 6 _far away thatlight which you can see from it tonight started to travel to you four years 7_at a speed of nearlytwo million kilometers every minute.The light from some of tonights started on 8 _journeytowards you even before you were born.So,if we want to be honest,we 9 _say,“Th

20、e stars are shining brightly tonight.Wehave to say,“The stars look nice.They were 10_four years ago but their light has just reachedour earth.三all，any，behave，difference，drink，eat，enjoy，fine，other，real，surprise，theseOnce there was a teacher who took all his students for tea.What made the students 1 _

21、wasthat all the cups on the table were 2_.Each of them took a cup and started 3_their own tea,looking at the 4 _ cups.The teacher said;Do you notice your 5_?You are all looking at each others tea cups and6 _of you even envy(羡慕)the 7_cups of others.Then he went on:I put thedifferent cups here on purp

22、ose!Life is like 8 _tea.You all have the same thing in your cups tea.And yet you cant 9 _ enjoy it in your envy of anothers cup.You forget10_your own life when you envy someone elses life.So now,taste your own tea!Does it matterfrom which cup it comes from?四much,arm,wait,see,when,spend,she,worry,hav

23、e,growOnly Mother Love is true love.It gives everybody everything all his life.1 _you are stilla baby,mother takes good care of you as much as possible.In your waking hours she always holds you inher 2_.When you are ill,she stops her work right now to look after you day and night andforgets about 3

24、_.When you are 4 _up day by day,she feels very happy.Whenyou are old enough to go to school,mother still looks after you all the time.On cold winter days,she alwaystells you to put on 5_clothes.She always stands in the wind 6 _for you back fromschool.Whenyouhurrytoleavehomeforschoolwithlittlebreakfa

25、st,shealwaysfeels7_about you at home.She usually knows about your study and 8 _much money on3your school things.When you do well at school,the brightest smile will be 9 _on her face.Mother is always ready to give everything she 10_to her children,not to receive.What truelove that is in the world!We

26、will remember Mother Love for ever.典型例题 1.inventor2.asking 3.how4.so 5.more6.to be 7.interested8.playing 9.safety 10.thankful一1.brought2.mended 3.forgot4.beside5.picked 6.stopped 7.mine 8.each 9.same 10.lucky二1.faster2.Ie5.before6.so7.ago8.its 9.cannot 10.shining三lsurprised2different3drinking4others

27、5behavior6some7finer8this9reallyl0to enjoy四71-80When,arms,hersef,growing,more,waiting,worried,spends,seen,has补全对话题型解读补全对话题型解读中考采用的都是给出选项的形式，它共有 5 小题，每题要求选出符合情境的一个句子，完成一段10 到 14 个来回的对话，以此来考查学生在具体情景和上下文中口语交际的能力。?英语新课程标准?要求学生掌握初中毕业生学会使用一些常用的功能意念工程以到达初步交际的目的。这些功能意念工程包括：问候、介绍、辞别、感谢、抱歉、邀请、请求允许、祝愿和祝贺、提供帮助、

28、约会、打、就餐、就医、购物、问路、谈论天气、语言交际困难、提醒注意、劝告、建议等20 个工程。1.对职业提问：What does his father do?His father is a doctor.2.对人物身份提问：Who is the boy?He is my friend.3.对人物性格提问：What is your teacher like?He is kind-hearted.4.对人物长相提问：What does Tom look like?He is very tall and has curly hair.5.对天气提问：How is the weather?It is

29、very cold there.6.对颜色提问：What color is your backpack?It is green and blue.7.对时间提问：What time is it now?Its 7:00 now.8.对星期提问：What day is today?Today is Tuesday.9.对日期提问：What is the date today?Today is May 2,2021.10.对年龄提问：How old is your brother?He is 15 years old.11.对延续时间段的提问：How long has Sally lived he

30、re?She has lived here for 5 years.12.对距离的提问：How far is your school?It is half an hours walk from here.13.对动作频率的提问：How often does she go to visit her grandma?She goes to visit her grandma once aweek.14.对即将发生动词时间段的提问：How soon will the teacher be back?He will be back in a week.15.对具体数量的提问：How many book

31、s did he buy?He bought 10 books.16.对量或价钱的提问：How much does the shirt cost?It cost her 200 dollars.针对性练习：针对性练习：补全对话一(打+约会)A:Hello,may I speak to David?B:_.(1)A:Hi,David!This is Lin Tao speaking.B:Hi,Lin Tao.Whats up?A:What are you going to do next Sunday?B:_.(2)Do you have any ideas?A:Shall we go to t

32、he zoo?I hear theres a dolphin show there.B:A dolphin show?Good idea!_?(3)A:By bike.B:_?(4)A:At half past nine.B:_?(5)A:Lets meet outside the zoo gate.B:All right.See you then.补全对话 八 邀请+约会4A:Hi,Mary.Are you going to visit Beihai Park tomorrow?B:Yes.Well start at 7:50._?(1)A:Id love to.But do you thi

33、nk its going to rain tomorrow?B:_.(2)Look,there isnt any cloud in the sky.A:I hope it will be fine tomorrow._?(3)B:Not far.Itll take us half an hour.Its only 5 bus stops.A:You mean well go there by bus,is that right?B:Yes._.(4)A:But Id like to go there by bike.At that time the streets are very busy.Buses cant go faster than bikes.B:I agree with you.Going by bike can save both time and money.A:Yes._.(5)B:OK.Goodbye.A:Bye-bye.5