阅读理解（正）.ppt

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1、阅读理解能力提高技巧阅读理解能力提高技巧Improving your reading abilityRome was not built in a day!Do more reading exercise and read different subjects as possibe as you can!The subjects of reading passage1.Daily life(平常生活平常生活)2.Anecdote(轶事传说）轶事传说）3.Ads and notices(广告通知广告通知)4.News reports(报道）报道）5.Social culture(社会文化）社会文

2、化）6.History and geography(史地）史地）7.Economy(经济）经济）高高考考阅阅读读题题材材：1 读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。事实和细节。2 既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。3 既理解字面的意思，也理解深层的含义，包括作者既理解字面的意思，也理解深层的含义，包括作者的态度，意图等。的态度，意图等。4 既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。并据此进行推理和判断。5 既能根据所提供的信

3、息去理解，也能结合中学生应既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解有的常识去理解The main requirement of reading comprehension test(二二).Details to comprehend细节理解题细节理解题(一一).Guessing meaning 猜测词义题猜测词义题(四四).Purpose and Subject主题主旨题主题主旨题(三三).Reasoning judgment推理判断题推理判断题(六六).diagram and chart 图示理解题图示理解题The questions of reading in NMET高

4、高考考阅阅读读题题型型(五五).the purpose and attitude of the author 作者观点态度题作者观点态度题Word Formation 构词法构词法 Context 上下文上下文 Rule and method规律方法规律方法一一.猜测词义猜测词义题题 Word Formation 构词法构词法：super-(超超)mini-(极小极小,微小的）微小的）micro-（极微小的）（极微小的）re-（再，反复）（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）（误，恶）im-（不）（不）un-（不，非）（不，非）in-（不，非）（不，非）non-（不，非）（不，非）-able（能（能的

5、的）-less（不，无）（不，无）-wards(向向)mispronouce nonsmokereastwards(非烟民非烟民)(发错音发错音)(向东向东)1.It will be very hard but very brittle that is,it will break easily.(adj.易碎的易碎的,脆的脆的)2.Most of us agreed,however,Bill dissented.(v.不同意不同意)3.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.(adj.贫穷的贫穷的,穷困的穷困的)C

6、ontext 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。词义。1.As the oceans are the source of life on earth,the estuaries are our planets nurseries.An estuary is the body of water where a river meets the ocean.Salt water from the ocean and fresh water from the river mix together in an estuary.This mixing of fres

7、h and salt water creates a unique environment filled with life of all kinds-a zone between the land and the sea.Estuaries are the homes of thousands of animals and plants.Many cities and towns are built near estuaries,and a lot of fish is caught in estuaries.What does“unique”mean in the passage?A.pe

8、rfect B.strange C.clean D.specialPractice 2.If you are a recent social graduate who has had to listen about unemployment from your computer major classmates,you may have had the last laugh.There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech“Information Age”demands people wh

9、o are flexible and who have good communication skills.Q:By saying that“You may have had the last laugh,”the author means that you may have _.A.shared the jokes with computer majors B.earned as much as computer majors C.found jobs more easily than computer majors.D.stopped joking about computer major

10、s 3.Gossip is a way for people to let you know the limits of social behavior.“If you move into a community and your neighbor tells you how the former homeowner never dealt with his rubbish properly,his gossip is _”says Dr.Ralph Rosnow of Temple University.Q:The underlined words in paragraph2 means_

11、A.allowing you to come in for something B.informing you something in a certain field C.telling you to do cleaning first before moving in D.warning you to pay attention to your behaviorletting you in on something,二二.细节理解题细节理解题Mainly examine the studentsability of understanding the specific details or

12、 the main facts like who、what、when、where、cause、effect、data and so on.1)Paani Laupepa,a Tuvaluan government official,reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years.Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatur

13、es resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.55According to scientists,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is .Agreenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the sea Ccontinuous global warmingDrising sea levelsPractice56Laupep

14、a was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .A agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissionsB.sign an agreement with Tuvaluan Callow Tuvaluans to move to the US D.believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real 2)Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to

15、sign the Kyoto Protocol,an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions（导致温室效应的气体排放）,which are a main cause of global warming.“By refusing to sign the agreement,the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to

16、live there,”Laupepa told the BBC.(用用原文中一模一样的字眼来迷惑考生原文中一模一样的字眼来迷惑考生)细节理解应注意的问题细节理解应注意的问题：1.Correspondence对应性对应性：正确答案应与文正确答案应与文中的细节一一对应中的细节一一对应 2.Accurancy准确准确性：性：注意注意细节信息中的范围、细节信息中的范围、程度、语义色彩等改变程度、语义色彩等改变3.Distinstion区分性区分性：注意相同字眼的词不一注意相同字眼的词不一定对应定对应同一事情同一事情 Rule and method规律方法规律方法这类题目找不到直这类题目找不到直接答案

17、，只可以找出供推论的依据。接答案，只可以找出供推论的依据。小技巧：不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有小技巧：不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有 同义词解释的选项。同义词解释的选项。1)不选事实细节选项不选事实细节选项 2)不选非事实选项不选非事实选项 3)选概括性选概括性/哲理性的选项哲理性的选项三推理判断题PRACTICE Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards,that is to say,of accommodatin

18、g a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.It is said that the Englishman objects to this type of existence,but if the case is such,he does in fact differ from the inhabitants of most countries of the world today.Q:We can infer from the passage that _.A.English people,like

19、 most people in other countries,dislike living in flats.B.People in most countries of the world today are not opposed to living in flatsC.People in Britain are forced to move into high blocks of flatsD.Modern flats still fail to provide the necessary facilities for living.PRACTICE Britain almost mor

20、e than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards,that is to say,of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.It is said that the Englishman objects to this type of existence,but if the case is such,he does in fact diffe

21、r from the inhabitants of most countries of the world today.【例题】【例题】When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day,I was very happy.She was at least fifteen years younger than I.One day she signed me to come near.When I walked over,she asked,“Are you single?“Why,yes.I ans

22、wered,smiling at her happily.“So is my mother.she said,“Would you like to meet her?Q:1.The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_.A.she was young B.it a pleasure to make friends with herC.she was beautiful D.it strange for her to fall in love with himQ:2.The waitress said hello to

23、the writer every day because_.she lived near his house he often went to visit her motherC.she wanted to be friendly with him D.she loved him very much1.The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_.A.she was young B.it a pleasure to make friends with herC.she was beautiful D.it strang

24、e for her to fall in love with him【解析】这是推测原因的题目。女服务员每天向作者示好，作者产生误解，以为女孩对他有意。考虑到他们年龄相差悬殊，作者认为女孩爱上他有点奇怪。故第1题答案是 D。2.The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_.A.she lived near his house B.he often went to visit her motherC.she wanted to be friendly with him D.she loved him very much女孩问作者

25、是否单身，并提到她母亲也是单身，并邀请他与她母亲见面，可见，女孩每天向他问好，目的是想取得他的好感，进而搓和他和她母亲。第2题答案是 C。四.主题主旨题分析、概括，归纳相关部分分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意的中心大意(Main idea)，选，选择标题（择标题（title），判断作者），判断作者的写作目的（的写作目的（purpose）一开门见山一开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious.The world

26、population is rising,so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.If we continue to do this,human life on earth will not survive.分清分清main idea 和和 supporting sentences二

27、，首尾呼应二，首尾呼应 为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式较为多见.但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。(首段）Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes,“It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.“she said（尾段）“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself

28、to helping people bitten by snakes.Shu said.三，先表述细节三，先表述细节,后归纳要点后归纳要点,印象,结论建议或结果,以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式 A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate,compared with that of a wild animal,but it is actually surprisingly strong.In deed,its very softness and looseness is an advantage;it makes man

29、good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size,because he can do so many different things with his limbs.Mans games show how he can control his own body.No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man;more has such varied grace;very few lives as long as he;none is so strong

30、in its natural resistance to disease.Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.分清分清details和和 conclusion四无主题句四无主题句 在全文中没有明确的主题句在全文中没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念般概念。必须注意的是

31、，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。宽泛，要恰如其分。Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent l

32、egal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.Q:What is the main idea of the passage?A.How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.B.Bingham is a diligent student.C.Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.D.A good lawyer needs good education.【解题思路】此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)

33、性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是 一一.Look at the items before read the passages and then analyse the information of each choice 速读全文，了解大意知主题。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用速读全文，了解大意知主题。考生必须在十分有限的时间

34、内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句。略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句。详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络先看题干，带着问题读文章。其次了解试题题干以及各个先看题干，带着问题读文章。其次了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息选项所包含的信息 二二.Read the text fast to know the main idea.The students should search the key words and topic sentence in limited time by skimming、scanning and skipp

35、ing.三三.Read detail,straighten out the ideas and articlesConclusion:The skills and strategies of reading Please finish passageB in the36th English Weekly in 7mins Homework1.Finish the rest of passages in the 36th English Weekly2.Recite the words in unit54.理解作者的观点和态度题理解作者的观点和态度题：既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对作者

36、写作目的、态度、观点等的理解。考题主要形式考题主要形式:(1)The writers purpose in writing this story is(2)The text discusses men and women 50,000 years from now in order to show that Rule and method规律方法规律方法：正确理解作者的写作意图，所持的观点及阐述文章主题时语气或他对所论述的对象的态度。-假如你是作假如你是作者，你为什么要写本文？者，你为什么要写本文？五五.理解作者观点和态度题理解作者观点和态度题小技巧：辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及小技巧：

37、辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。表示贬义表示贬义：disgust,critical,negative,tolerant,disappointment.表示褒义表示褒义:positive,wonder,support,useful,interesting,enthusiasm,admiring表示中立表示中立:indifferent,impassive,uninterested,ambivalent,neutral,apathetic,humor,disinterested,disinterest.例例：The autho

38、r appears _ modern advertising.A.to like B.to be indifferent to B.c.to dislike D.to know how to deal with One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is,of course,the voice of the advertisers.It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers;waves to us from every p

39、age of the newspaper;signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored lights all night.C 六.图表理解题图示理解题中地图的一般坐标方位是“上北下南，左西右东”（特别标明方位的除外）。有时根据文章内 容提供一幅或多幅图（地图、示意图或其它图形），要求考生正确判断和选择符合原文内容的图示。解题方法1先看问题和图示再读原文，要以原文提供的事实、逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，使自己的思维模式与作者写作时的思维模式相吻合（词、短语或句子），分析其中的细

40、节，找出符合图示所要求的必要条件：1)Which of the following maps gives the right position of?2)Which of the following diagrams/pictures/figures shows the correct relationship between A.B and C?3)Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what is/looks like?A U.S.Couple have succeeded in a 55-meter fall over Horsesh

41、oe Falls in a barrel(木桶)with only slight hurts.Horseshoe Falls is the Canadian part of Niagara Falls.Steven Trotter of Florida and Lori Martin of Atlanta treated at a hospital for small hurts after dropping over the falls as a Fathers Day show.Police took an hour to free the barrel wrapped with bull

42、etproof(防弹的)material and covered in thick plastics,from rocks at the base of the fall.Q；Which of the following gives the correct relationship between Canada,Niagara Falls and Horseshoe Falls?1.先看问题，再读文章：带着问题阅读短文，确定主攻方向，特别要注意首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和用户服务，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，有的放矢，高效省时。2.细读全文，认真推敲：针对题目的要求，细心阅读与试题有的

43、词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些信息词，它们既是检查的重点，也是把握全文意思的突破口。因此必须准确判断，仔细斟酌，以便选出最佳答案。3.复读全文，验证答案：在选出全部答案后，应将答案带入问题中重读全文，看前后意思是否贯通，有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。1所选有据，避免主观阅读他人作品，理解他人的意图，必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点和看法混为一谈，自以为是。文章中的数字、日期、时间、表限量的词或短语等都是设题的重点，若只注意明显的内容，正好走进实的陷井。若不注意虚的内容，想当然答题多

44、半会错。因此，必须学会“虚实结合”2符合原文的答案正确答案最佳答案阅读题要求选的是最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对，但从全文来看则不是最佳的。因此，必须通盘考虑，取主题，舍枝节。3解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善于思考。要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度，同时也要探索和总结适合自己方法或，实践出真知，多练出效益。2.The stytles of the reading1.Descriptive writing(说明文）说明文）2.Argumentation（议论文）（议论文）3.Narrative writings（记叙文）（记叙文）4.Argum

45、ention and narrative writings(夹叙夹议文）夹叙夹议文）The structures of the text理解文理解文章基本结构章基本结构说明文的基本结构说明文的基本结构：Descriptive writingDefinition(Introduction)Description(Explanation)ExampleComparisonClassificationConclusion2.议论文的基本结构议论文的基本结构 :ArgumentationTopic(Opinion)Arguments(Supporting sentences)factsexamplestheoryconclusion论点论点论据结论结论3.记叙文的基本结构记叙文的基本结构：Narrative writingsStory presentationTime cluesInverted time cluesEnding(surprising/humourous way(account)4.夹叙夹议文的基本结构夹叙夹议文的基本结构：Argumention and narrative writingsStory presentationconclusionopinionadvicesignificance