2019版高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 4 Earthquakes（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

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1、1EarthquakesEarthquakes李仕才 一、阅读理解。You use her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual chatbot(虚拟聊天机器人). Xiaoice, Microsofts latest artificial intelligence robot, was briefly released in 2014, and returned to WeChat in 2015, where she became

2、a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily, the New York Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official account. After following it, users can start text-based conversations with Xiaoice. “Her incredible learning ability was why people loved to talk with Xiaoice, ”

3、Liu Jinchang, a researcher at High-tech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology, told China Daily. Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis(表情符号)in conversations, Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily

4、reported. Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top tech companies, they are becoming smarter and more common. For instance, IBMs latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australias Deakin University, answering students questions abou

5、t course schedules and financial aid. Apples Siri and Amazons Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news, play music and even make jokes for their users. These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, the New York Times pointed out. H

6、owever, it may take decades before scientists develop a “Samantha”, the advanced chatbot seen in the fiction film Her. In the film, Samantha has a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Many viewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul mates. 2【文章大意】本

7、文讲述的是人工智能程序的发展情况, 列举了微信上的聊天程序大受欢迎, IBM 的人工智能程序能成为顾问, 但是目前这种程序主要应用在智能手机上, 人们期待它将来可以在手机以外的地方使用。1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? A. She became a best seller. B. She became very powerful. C. She became a money maker. D. She became very popular. 【解析】选 D。推理判断题。根据第二段中 Millions of young

8、 Chinese now exchange messages with her daily 可知, 她在微信上大受欢迎, 很多中国年轻人都喜欢与她聊天, 故选 D。2. Which of the following can Xiaoice do? A. Do housework. B. Spread messages. C. Identify various photos. D. Read news to her users. 【解析】选 C。细节理解题。根据第三段中 her ability to identify photos and send emojis 可知, 她有能力分辨照片和发送表

9、情符号, 故选 C。3. Which companys chatbot program can act as an academic consultant? A. Microsoft. B. IBM. C. Apple. D. Amazon. 【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据第四段中 IBMs latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant 可知, IBM 的最新人工智能程序可以作为学术顾问, 故选 B。4. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

10、A. Chatbots will be applied to cars soon. B. Chatbots mainly run on smartphones now. C. Samantha is played by a US actor in the film. D. The film Her doesnt interest many audience. 3【解析】选 B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中 These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms,

11、 可知, 人们期待这些程序除了应用在智能手机上, 也能应用在电视、汽车、起居室等地, 所以目前是主要应用在智能手机上, 故选 B。二、单句语法填空1I _ (trap) in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.答案：was trapped be trapped in “被困在” 。2After she heard the news, there was an excited _ (express) on her face.答案：expression 由空前的“an excited”可知，应填名词 expression “表情” 。3Wh

12、en a fire broke out at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings _ (destroy)答案：were destroyed 动词 destroy “毁灭；毁掉” ，此处表被动，且指过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。4The meeting came to _ end and he set down many key points.答案：an come to an end “结束” 。5Dont forget to praise them _ (sincere) when

13、 someone does something good.答案：sincerely 副词 sincerely “真诚地” ，在此处修饰动词 praise。6He was replaced by another midfielder because of his _ (injure)答案：injury 由空前的 his 可知，应填名词 injury “受伤；伤害” 。7Thank you for your letter conveying _ (congratulate) on my appointment.答案：congratulations 由空前的现在分词 conveying 可知，应填名

14、词。congratulation “祝贺” ，且常用复数形式。8The news of the sudden death of the young famous pianist came this morning, which made his fans _ (shock)答案：shocked 此处形容词 shocked “感到震惊的”作宾语补足语。9The government thinks _ (high) of his invention because it will benefit the whole country.答案：highly think highly of “高度评价”

15、，是固定搭配。10In a hurry, we arrived at a cabin in the mountain to shelter _ 4the rain.答案：from shelter from the rain “躲雨” 。三、完形填空。From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world around us. When humans first _1_, they were like newborn babie

16、s, unable to use this _2_ tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for humankinds future _3_ and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is _4_ for our ability to produce and use language. They _5_ that our highly evolved brain provides us _6_ an innate language

17、ability not found in lower _7_. Proponents(支持者)of this innateness(天赋)theory say that our _8_ for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, _9_ a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical _10_ times for language development. Current _11_

18、 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. _12_ , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in _13_ grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being _14_ to them, while adults

19、 have a much harder time learning another language once the _15_ of their first language have become firmly fixed. _16_ some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been _17_ from other human beings do not possess language. Th

20、is demonstrates that _18_ with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language_19_ than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. _20_, 5children learn language from thei

21、r parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their childs language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.1. A. generatedB. evolvedC. bornD. combined【答案】B【解析】此处意为：当人类刚刚开始进化，他们如同新生儿一样不会运用语言这种工具。evolved 逐渐发展进化，符合题意。generated 生殖，发展；born (be

22、ar 的过去分词)不能作谓语动词；combined 联合，结合。2. A. valuableB. appropriateC. convenientD. favorite【答案】A【解析】根据语法分析，答案应用来修饰语言的。valuable 珍贵的；appropriate 合适的，适当的；convenient 方便的，便利的；favorite 最喜欢的。语言并不是人类选择的结果，而是人类在进化过程中慢慢发展起来的，对人类来说，应当是珍贵的。3. A. achievementsB. convenienceC. entertainmentsD. appearance 【答案】A【解析】此处意思是：语

23、言的发展增加了人类取得未来的成就和文化进步的可能性。achievements 成就；convenience 方便；entertainments 娱乐；appearance 外观，外貌。4. A. essentialB. availableC. reliable D. responsible【答案】D【解析】此处意为：许多语言学家认为进化使人们产生和具备了语言的能力。固定短语be responsible for 对负责，是的原由。其它选项不与 for 搭配。65. A. confirm B. informC. claimD. convince【答案】C6. A. forB. fromC. of

24、D. with【答案】D【解析】固定搭配 provide sb. with sth.意为“向(人)提供(物)” 。 句意：他们断言，我们高度发达的大脑，为我们提供了一种天生的、还没有在低等生物体身上发现的语言能力。7. A. organizationsB. organismsC. humansD. children【答案】B【解析】根据上文的叙述，显然，这里是把人和低等动物相比较。因此选 organisms 有机体，生物体。8. A. potentialB. performanceC. preferenceD. contribution【答案】A【解析】此句意思是：人类的语言能力是与生俱来的，

25、但语言本身也在逐渐发展，所以这种能力应该是潜在的。potential 潜力；performance 履行；preference 偏爱；contribution 贡献。9. A. as B. just asC. likeD. unlike【答案】A【解析】此句句意是：语言本身作为童年时期大脑生长的一种功能，其发展是缓慢的。as (作为，当作)合乎题意。like 作为介词的意思是“像一样” 。 10. A. consistentB. biologicalC. socialD. psychological7【答案】B【解析】此句句意为：语言的发展有一个关键期，人体的成长是生物变化的过程。biolog

26、ical 生物的；consistent 一致的；social 社会的；psychological 心理的。11. A. reviewsB. referenceC. reactionD. recommendation【答案】A【解析】此处意为：目前人们对“先天论”评论观点不一，但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的。reviews 评论；reference 参考；reaction 反应；recommendation 推荐。12. A. In a wordB. In a senseC. IndeedD. In conclusion【答案】C13. A. uniqueB. differentC.

27、the higherD. the lower【答案】D【解析】此处意思是：越来越多的学校发现在什么年级学外语较容易，根据常识(低年级学外语较容易)以及后文的 Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults可以选定答案。14. A. revealedB. exposedC. engagedD. involved【答案】B【解析】此处意为：通过接触多种语言，孩子们可以学会好几种语言。be exposed to是固定搭配，接触到。reveal(显露)sth.to sb，不合题意，因本

28、题中的 them指 languages。其余选项不与 to 搭配。engage in 从事；be involved in 参与。15. A. regulationsB. formationsC. rulesD. 8constitutions【答案】C【解析】此句意思是：一旦母语的规则被深深印入脑海中，成年人就很难再学好另一种语言。rules 规则，规律；regulations 规定；formations 构成，构造；constitutions 宪法，章程。16. A. AlthoughB. WhetherC. SinceD. When【答案】A【解析】分析上下文的逻辑关系，应为让步关系。句意：

29、虽然语言的一些因素是天生的这无可争辩，但语言却不能脱离实际而自动发展。17. A. distinguishedB. difficultC. protectedD. isolated【答案】D【解析】此句句意为：与人隔绝的儿童是不能掌握好一门语言的。isolated 孤立的，与人隔绝的；distinguished 区别的，杰出的；different 不同的；protected 受到保护的。18. A. expositionB. comparisonC. contrastD. interaction【答案】D19. A. acquisitionB. appreciationC. requireme

30、ntD. access【答案】A【解析】根据分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分别指代上句的“interaction with other human beings”和“necessary” ，此处所填词对应上文中的 language development。也就是说，language acquisition 语言习得。appreciation 欣赏，感激；requirement 要求；access 入口，通路，路径。20. A. As a resultB. After all C. In other wordsD. As a whole【答案】C9【解析】本句功能

31、是以另一种方式解释前文中的“imitative, learned behavior.(模仿性的后天行为)” 。in other words 换言之，换句话说；as a result 结果是；after all 毕竟；as a whole 总的来说，总体上看。这些语言学家视语言为一种模仿的学习性行为。也就是说，孩子通过模仿父母的语言来进行学习。父母们通过鼓励准确的模仿和改正不正确的模仿，逐渐塑造了他们的孩子的语言技能。四、单句改错1The stone was so heavy for him to move, so he called his friends to help._答案：第一个 so

32、too too . to do “太而不能” 。2The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, buried her head in the book in her hands._答案：buriedburying 此处 burying 是现在分词作伴随状语。3Judged from his appearance, he seems to be rich._答案：JudgedJudging judging from . “由来判断” 。4I think there are the number of opportunities to get more energy._答案：thea a number of opportunities “许多机会” 。5The news that Donald Trump was elected President of the USA made the whole world extreme shocked._答案：extremeextremely extremely 副词“极其，非常” ，此处修饰形容词shocked。