第一章国际商法导论课件.ppt

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1、国际商法国际商法International Business LawChapter One:Introduction to International Business Law Three Tasks Task one:what is International business law?Task two:what are the sources of International business law?Task three:what are the similarities and differences between the common law and the civil law?T

2、ask one:what is International business law?Definition International business law-refers to total norms and customary practices regulating International business transactions and all kinds of relationships between business organizations across national boundaries.国际商法是调整国际商事交易（commercial transaction）

3、与商事组织（business organization）各种关系的法律规范（legal norm）的总和。Three key points1 the subjects of international commercial transactions international business organizations across national boundaries/multinational corporations（跨国经营的涉（跨国经营的涉外企业，特别是跨国公司）外企业，特别是跨国公司）2 the contents of international business law ma

4、inly about the international business transactions,as well as the relationships between multinational corporations.Contents of the contemporary international business law Traditional material trade transaction lawimmaterial transactions of technology,capital,service and so pany law negotiable instru

5、ment law 票据法 maritime law 海事法 insurance law law of international technology transfer技术转让法 industrial property law工业知识产权法 international investment law投资法 international financial law 银行法 international tax law law of international dispute settlement仲裁法 3 the norms and customary practices in the interna

6、tional business law they are generally admitted and obeyed by the international world.Task two:what are the sources of International business law?source one National business law source two international business treaties and conventions.source three international trade customs and usages source fou

7、r international business cases Treaty&Convention Treaties are binding agreements between two or more states.它主要是指涉及一些重大问题的政治、经济、法律等问题，是两个或多个国家共同参与达成的具有长期效力的协议，如边界、领事、航运条约等。Conventions are the legally binding agreements between states sponsored by international organizations.公约是指针对某一些重大问题，有国际组织发起的，多个

8、国家参与国际会议二缔结的多变条约，它的主要内容多为造法性的。e.g.GATT1947关税与贸易总协定 CISG1980联合国国际货物买卖合同公约 Task three:what are the similarities and differences between common law and civil law?Common lawCivil lawSimilaritiesDifferencesCommon law Derived from English law dating back hundreds of years and are based on the principle of

9、 following long-established customs that were written down in important court decisions,called Precedents.These prior court decisions that were written and handed down over time have themselves formed a set of laws that help guide the proper behaviors of people,businesses,and other institutions.Comm

10、on lawCommon law systems often have legislatures that pass laws as well;in the absence of a precedent or a clear legislative act,common law courts can create a new rule of law.England,the United States,Canada,Australia,New Zealand,and some other countries that were once part of the British Empire al

11、l have common law legal systems.Civil law based on the principle that the only official source of law of a nation is what is specifically written in a code of books called Statutes.Statutory law（成文法）in a civil law system can be very complex since the lawmakers in a nation based on that system situat

12、ion.Civil law systems are less flexible and adoptable than common law systems.Courts in civil law systems still must interpret the statutes that are passed,but,generally,they may not depart from the statutes and develop their own laws.Civil lawCivil law systems evolved from the legal system of ancie

13、nt Rome.The best known example of civil law is the French Napoleonic Code,or Code Napoleon,which has developed in 1807 by Napoleon Bonaparte and which still exists today.Civil lawMost European countries,such as French,Germany,Spain,Portugal and Italy have their legal systems based on civil law.Addit

14、ionally,many American,African,and Asian countries that were once colonies of countries of continental European nations have civil law systems.Japan and South Africa have civil law systems.Parts of civil law systems can be found in the courts of countries whose people are predominantly Muslim.Similar

15、ities Common law and civil law systems are not completely separate;however,many common law countries have aspects of civil law in their legal systems.Furthermore,many non-Western countries have legal systems that are very different from traditional common law and civil law nations.differences(1)sour

16、ceCommon law based on court decisions or precedent Civil law based on code,statutes,and prescribed texts（制定教科书）。differences(2)the ways spreading around the worldCommon law a direct political linkage to England.Civil law the connection with other civil law countries is more tenuous.differences(3)Civi

17、l law is the easier of the two legal traditions to be received.differences(3)Common law is a matrix of case law and statutes;it sues the jury system and the doctrine of supremacy to limit the actions of the government;and it encompasses a complex terminology.我国的法律体系 宪法（母法）大法（子法）国国际际法法经经济济法法行行政政诉诉讼讼法

18、法行行政政法法刑刑事事诉诉讼讼法法刑刑法法民民事事诉诉讼讼法法民民法法商商法法 国际法国际法国际公法国际公法国际私法国际私法国际经济法国际经济法国际商法与国际经济法 共同点共同点均为调整国际商事或经济关系的法律规范的总称均为调整国际商事或经济关系的法律规范的总称 区区 别：别：国际商法国际商法 国际经济法国际经济法1）概念上）概念上仅仅是调整仅仅是调整更广泛：不同国家间的自然人、法人更广泛：不同国家间的自然人、法人及其他经济实体之间，国家与国际组及其他经济实体之间，国家与国际组织间织间2）渊源上）渊源上国际条约和国际国际条约和国际贸易惯例贸易惯例国际立法（包括国际条约和国际贸易国际立法（包括国

19、际条约和国际贸易惯例）；重要国际组织的决议。惯例）；重要国际组织的决议。3）包含的内容）包含的内容上上更广泛：国际贸易法（几乎包括国际更广泛：国际贸易法（几乎包括国际商法的大部分内容）；国际投资法；商法的大部分内容）；国际投资法；国际货币金融法；国际税法；国际经国际货币金融法；国际税法；国际经济贸易争端解决法律制度等济贸易争端解决法律制度等西方两大法系1）Continental Law System 以德国和法国为代表的大陆法系（罗马法系、民法法系）。-强调成文法（written law）的作用，主张编纂法典（code），强调系统化、条理化、法典化和逻辑化。2）Common Law Syste

20、m以英国和美国为代表的普通法系(普通法、判例法）。-来源于习惯法，表现在法官的判决中，以判例形式出现，强调程序。民法法系（大陆法系）民法法系（大陆法系）普通法系（英美法系、普通法系（英美法系、判例法系）判例法系）1）地域）地域法、德、葡、荷等大部分西欧法、德、葡、荷等大部分西欧国家及亚洲日、土、中台国家及亚洲日、土、中台美、英及曾经的英殖民美、英及曾经的英殖民地（加、澳、新、爱、地（加、澳、新、爱、印、印、Hk)2)起源起源以古罗马法为传统以古罗马法为传统以英国中世纪的法律为以英国中世纪的法律为传统传统3）相同点）相同点经济基础、阶级本质相同，重视法治经济基础、阶级本质相同，重视法治4)不不同同点点a法律思维方法律思维方式式演绎性思维演绎性思维（一般到特殊：大前提（一般到特殊：大前提-小前小前提提-结论）结论）归纳型思维，同中类比归纳型思维，同中类比推理（遵循先例，类似推理（遵循先例，类似案件类似判决）案件类似判决）b法律渊源法律渊源制定法（法典）制定法（法典）制定法、判例法制定法、判例法c法律分类法律分类公法和私法公法和私法普通法和衡平法普通法和衡平法d法律程序法律程序实体法至上实体法至上程序至上程序至上e法典编纂法典编纂倾向于编纂倾向于编纂不倾向不倾向f法院体系、法律概念、法律适用技术及法律观念等都存在差异法院体系、法律概念、法律适用技术及法律观念等都存在差异