肾性贫血治疗指南课件.ppt
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1、肾性贫血治疗指南肾性贫血治疗指南CPR 1.1.IDENTIFYING PATIENTS AND INITIATING EVALUATION1.1.1 Stage and cause of CKD:In the opinion of the 1.1.1 Stage and cause of CKD:In the opinion of the Work Group,Work Group,HbHb testing should be carried out testing should be carried out in all in all patients with CKDpatients w
2、ith CKD,regardless of stage or cause.,regardless of stage or cause.1.1.2 Frequency of testing for anemia:In the opinion of 1.1.2 Frequency of testing for anemia:In the opinion of the Work Group,the Work Group,HbHb levels should be measured at least levels should be measured at least annuallyannually
3、.1.1.3 Diagnosis of anemia:In the opinion of the Work 1.1.3 Diagnosis of anemia:In the opinion of the Work Group,diagnosis of anemia should be made and further Group,diagnosis of anemia should be made and further evaluation should be undertaken at the following evaluation should be undertaken at the
4、 following HbHb concentrations:concentrations:13.5 13.5 g/dLg/dL in adult males.in adult males.(12.0 12.0 g/dLg/dL )12.0 12.0 g/dLg/dL in adult females.in adult females.(11.0 11.0 g/dLg/dL )贫血定义贫血定义WHO WHO 的贫血诊断标准:的贫血诊断标准:的贫血诊断标准:的贫血诊断标准:成人女性血红蛋白(成人女性血红蛋白(成人女性血红蛋白(成人女性血红蛋白(HbHb)120 g/L 120 g/L成人男性成人
5、男性成人男性成人男性 HbHb 130 g/L 130 g/L但应考虑患者年龄、种族、居住地的海拔高度和生理需求对但应考虑患者年龄、种族、居住地的海拔高度和生理需求对但应考虑患者年龄、种族、居住地的海拔高度和生理需求对但应考虑患者年龄、种族、居住地的海拔高度和生理需求对HbHb 的影响。的影响。的影响。的影响。注:肾性贫血主要为促红细胞生成素不足导致,只有如注:肾性贫血主要为促红细胞生成素不足导致,只有如下各条内容均具备才能下临床诊断:下各条内容均具备才能下临床诊断:患者患有慢性肾脏病患者患有慢性肾脏病(CKD),并已有肾功能损害;),并已有肾功能损害;H b已达到上述贫血诊断标准;已达到上述
6、贫血诊断标准;能够除外能够除外C K D以外因素所致贫血。以外因素所致贫血。注:注:2004年年EBPG及及2006年年K/DOQI均明确指出,在评估贫血时,均明确指出,在评估贫血时,检测检测H b浓度比检测浓度比检测H c t更容易、更稳定、更可靠,所以近年肾更容易、更稳定、更可靠,所以近年肾性贫血诊疗指南都再不用性贫血诊疗指南都再不用Hct诊断贫血。诊断贫血。血液透析患者血标本应在血透开始前或刚开始血透时即刻采集。血液透析患者血标本应在血透开始前或刚开始血透时即刻采集。CPR 1.2.EVALUATION OF ANEMIA IN CKD1.2.1 In the opinion of th
7、e Work Group,initial assessment of anemia 1.2.1 In the opinion of the Work Group,initial assessment of anemia should include the following tests:should include the following tests:1.2.1.1 A complete blood count(CBC)includingin addition to 1.2.1.1 A complete blood count(CBC)includingin addition to th
8、e the HbHb concentrationred blood cell indices(mean corpuscular concentrationred blood cell indices(mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCH,mean corpuscular volume MCV,mean hemoglobin MCH,mean corpuscular volume MCV,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration MCHC),white blood cell corpuscular hemoglobin conc
9、entration MCHC),white blood cell count,and differential and platelet count.count,and differential and platelet count.1.2.1.2 Absolute 1.2.1.2 Absolute reticulocytereticulocyte count.count.1.2.1.3 Serum 1.2.1.3 Serum ferritinferritin to assess iron stores.to assess iron stores.1.2.1.4 Serum TSAT 1.2.
10、1.4 Serum TSAT or or content of content of HbHb in in reticulocytesreticulocytes(CHrCHr)to)to assess adequacy of iron for assess adequacy of iron for erythropoiesiserythropoiesis.贫血实验室检查内容贫血实验室检查内容血红蛋白血红蛋白血红蛋白血红蛋白/红细胞压积(红细胞压积(红细胞压积(红细胞压积(Hb/HctHb/Hct)红细胞指标(红细胞计数、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白量、红细胞指标(红细胞计数、平均红细胞体
11、积、平均红细胞血红蛋白量、红细胞指标(红细胞计数、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白量、红细胞指标(红细胞计数、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白量、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度等)平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度等)平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度等)平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度等)网织红细胞计数(有条件提倡检测网织红细胞血红蛋白量)网织红细胞计数(有条件提倡检测网织红细胞血红蛋白量)网织红细胞计数(有条件提倡检测网织红细胞血红蛋白量)网织红细胞计数(有条件提倡检测网织红细胞血红蛋白量)铁参数(血清铁、总铁结合力、转铁蛋白饱和度、血清铁蛋白)铁参数(血清铁、总铁结合力、转铁蛋白饱和度、血清铁蛋白)铁参数(血清铁、总铁结合力
12、、转铁蛋白饱和度、血清铁蛋白)铁参数(血清铁、总铁结合力、转铁蛋白饱和度、血清铁蛋白)大便粪隐血试验。大便粪隐血试验。大便粪隐血试验。大便粪隐血试验。注:慢性肾脏病时的贫血一般是正细胞和正色素性的。小细胞性贫血说明存在铁缺乏、铝过注:慢性肾脏病时的贫血一般是正细胞和正色素性的。小细胞性贫血说明存在铁缺乏、铝过多或某种血红蛋白病。多或某种血红蛋白病。大细胞性贫血则可能与叶酸和维生素大细胞性贫血则可能与叶酸和维生素B12缺乏有关,或者也可能是铁过多和缺乏有关,或者也可能是铁过多和(或或)EP0 治疗治疗导致未成熟的、大的网织红细胞进入循环。导致未成熟的、大的网织红细胞进入循环。血清铁和转铁蛋白饱和
13、度反映即刻可以用作合成血红蛋白的铁量。血清铁和转铁蛋白饱和度反映即刻可以用作合成血红蛋白的铁量。血清铁蛋白反映了总的机体内铁储存。血清铁蛋白反映了总的机体内铁储存。如果如果TSAT120 g/L120 g/L;糖尿病的患者,特别是并发外周血管病变的患者,需在监测下谨慎增糖尿病的患者,特别是并发外周血管病变的患者,需在监测下谨慎增糖尿病的患者,特别是并发外周血管病变的患者,需在监测下谨慎增糖尿病的患者,特别是并发外周血管病变的患者,需在监测下谨慎增加加加加HbHb 水平至水平至水平至水平至120120;合并慢性缺氧性肺疾病患者推荐维持较高的合并慢性缺氧性肺疾病患者推荐维持较高的合并慢性缺氧性肺疾
14、病患者推荐维持较高的合并慢性缺氧性肺疾病患者推荐维持较高的HbHb 水平。水平。水平。水平。注:注:Hb治疗目标值上限治疗目标值上限,在在2007年年K/DOQI补充材料发表前一直不明朗。于补充材料发表前一直不明朗。于2006年年K/DOQI修订版发布后一年间,又有修订版发布后一年间,又有5个研究个研究Hb靶目标值的大型临床随机对照试验完靶目标值的大型临床随机对照试验完成,治疗观察例数增加了一倍,在此基础上进行荟萃分析即清晰发现,成,治疗观察例数增加了一倍,在此基础上进行荟萃分析即清晰发现,Hb目标值目标值 130g/L 时发生威胁生命的不良事件风险会显著增加,如此才获得了上述结论。时发生威胁
15、生命的不良事件风险会显著增加,如此才获得了上述结论。CPR 3.1.USING ESAs3.1.1 3.1.1 Frequency of Frequency of HbHb monitoring:monitoring:3.1.1.1 In the opinion of the Work Group,the 3.1.1.1 In the opinion of the Work Group,the frequency of frequency of HbHb monitoring in patients treated with monitoring in patients treated wit
16、h ESAsESAs should be should be at least monthly.at least monthly.3.1.2.1 In the opinion of the Work Group,the 3.1.2.1 In the opinion of the Work Group,the initial initial ESA doseESA dose and ESA dose adjustments should be and ESA dose adjustments should be determined by the patients determined by t
17、he patients HbHb level,the target level,the target HbHb level,the observed rate of increase in level,the observed rate of increase in HbHb level,and level,and clinical circumstances.clinical circumstances.3.1.2.2 In the opinion of the Work Group,ESA doses 3.1.2.2 In the opinion of the Work Group,ESA
18、 doses should be decreased,but not necessarily withheld,should be decreased,but not necessarily withheld,when a downward adjustment of when a downward adjustment of HbHb level is needed.level is needed.CPR 3.1.USING ESAs 3.1.2 ESA dosing3.1.2.3 In the opinion of the Work Group,scheduled ESA 3.1.2.3
19、In the opinion of the Work Group,scheduled ESA doses that have been missed should be replaced at the doses that have been missed should be replaced at the earliest possible opportunity.earliest possible opportunity.3.1.2.4 In the opinion of the Work Group,ESA 3.1.2.4 In the opinion of the Work Group
20、,ESA administration in ESA-dependent patients should administration in ESA-dependent patients should continue during hospitalization.continue during hospitalization.3.1.2.5 In the opinion of the Work Group,hypertension,3.1.2.5 In the opinion of the Work Group,hypertension,vascular access occlusion,i
21、nadequate dialysis,history vascular access occlusion,inadequate dialysis,history of seizures,or compromised nutritional status are not of seizures,or compromised nutritional status are not contraindications to ESA therapy.contraindications to ESA therapy.CPR 3.1.USING ESAs 3.1.3 Route of administrat
22、ion:3.1.3 Route of administration:3.1.3.1 In the opinion of the Work Group,the route of 3.1.3.1 In the opinion of the Work Group,the route of ESA administration should be determined by the CKD ESA administration should be determined by the CKD stage,treatment setting,efficacy,safety,and class of sta
23、ge,treatment setting,efficacy,safety,and class of ESA used.ESA used.3.1.3.2 In the opinion of the Work Group,convenience 3.1.3.2 In the opinion of the Work Group,convenience favors favors subcutaneous(SC)subcutaneous(SC)administration in administration in non-HD-non-HD-CKD CKD patients.patients.3.1.
24、3.3 In the opinion of the Work Group,convenience 3.1.3.3 In the opinion of the Work Group,convenience favors favors intravenous(IV)intravenous(IV)administration in administration in HD-CKDHD-CKD patients.patients.CPR 3.1.USING ESAs3.1.4 Frequency of administration:3.1.4 Frequency of administration:3
25、.1.4.1 In the opinion of the Work Group,frequency 3.1.4.1 In the opinion of the Work Group,frequency of administration should be determined by the CKD of administration should be determined by the CKD stage,treatment setting,efficacy considerations,stage,treatment setting,efficacy considerations,and
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