初中英语语法-代词(新)课件.ppt
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1、初中英语语法之 代词篇代词篇代词的分类代词的分类 人称代词人称代词 物主代词物主代词 反身代词反身代词 不定代词不定代词 指示代词指示代词 疑问代词疑问代词 第一第一人人称称单单数数第二第二人人称称单单数数第三人称第三人称单单数数第一第一人称人称复数复数第二第二人称人称复数复数第三人第三人称复数称复数阳性阳性阴性阴性中性中性主主格格I(我)you(你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they(他们,她们,它们)宾宾格格me(我)You(你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)them(他们,她们,它们)人称代词:人称代词:人称代词代替人和事物的
2、名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。1.1.人称代词作主语时用主格,作宾语人称代词作主语时用主格,作宾语时用宾格时用宾格 They all like him very much.他们都很喜欢他他们都很喜欢他。She gave the books to you and me.这些书是她送给你和我的。这些书是她送给你和我的。2.2.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为 “第二人称,第三人称,第一人称第二人称,第三人称,第一人称”You,she and I all enjoy the music.你我她都喜欢音乐。你我她都喜欢音乐。She She 的用法:的用法:she可以用来代表国家
3、、船只、大地、月亮等 We love our motherland,we hope shell be stronger and bigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。The ship is leaving.Shes on her first trip to Boston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。It的用法:1:it作为人称代词时,可以表示天气、作为人称代词时,可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等距离、时间、环境等 What the weather like today?Its windy.今天的天气怎么样?今天的天气怎么样?-有风。有风。Its about five mi
4、nutes walk from home to school.从家到学校的路程大约从家到学校的路程大约5 5分钟。分钟。2.it 可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人的人.who is the person over there?It is the headteacher.3.3.it可作为形式主语,将不定式、可作为形式主语,将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移,使句子动名词等构成的主语后移,使句子显得平稳显得平稳 Its hard to reach the apples.很难够到苹果。很难够到苹果。Its good for you taking a walk afte
5、r supper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。1.-Who is knocking at the door?-I dont know.I was lying in the bed and just ask who _ was.A.he B.she C.it 2.I cant find my hat.I dont know where I put _.A.one B.it C.that3.I cant find my hat.I think I must buy_.A.it B.one C.that 固定句型固定句型1.做某事情对某人来说是做某事情对某人来说是 It
6、is+adj.(+for sb.)+to do sth.It is hard for me to do this work.2.轮到某人做轮到某人做 Its ones turn to do sth.Its your turn to clean the room.3.是(某人)做某事的时候了 Its time(for sb.)to do sth.Its time for you to do the homework.4.据说 Its said that Its said that your teacher leave our school.5.某人花费做某事 It takes sb.some t
7、ime to do sth.6.自从以来,已经有(时间)了。It is/has been+时段时段+since+从句从句(过过去时去时)7.某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是的 find sb.think feel+it +adj.to do 1.I found _ very difficult to make progress in my study.A.its B.it C.that2.It _ my father a whole month to go on business.A.spent B.cost C.took3.It is great fun _ surfing on the In
8、ternet.A.go B.to go C.going 二二.物主代词物主代词人人称称分分类类 第一人称第一人称 第二人称第二人称 第三人称第三人称 单数单数 复数复数 单数单数 复数复数 单数单数复数复数形形容容词词性性 名名词词性性 my ouryour your his her its their mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 2.2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系:词的关系:形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词名词=名词性物主代词名词性物主代词 注意:名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关注意:名词性
9、物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。系是单数还是复数。These books arent ours.Ours are new.(our books=ours)This is not our room.Ours is over there.(our room=ours)2.2.“of+名词性物主代词名词性物主代词”表示所表示所属属 A sister of his is a nurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。他的一个妹妹是个护士。Tom is a friend of mine 我的一个朋友我的一个朋友1.She is a friend of _.A.my B.mine C.I2.This i
10、snt my pen,it is _.A.her B.his C.him3.Frank cant find _ dictionary.Can you lend _ to _?A.her,mine ,her B./,yours,he C.his,yours,him4._ school is much bigger than _.A.Our,their B.Ours,theirs C.Our ,theirs5.The dog is so poor because _ leg is badly hurt.A.it B.its C.its 人称人称分类分类第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称 第三人称第三
11、人称单单 数数 复数复数myself ourselves yourself yourselveshimselfthemselvesherself itself 反身代词反身代词1.反身代词常见固定搭配反身代词常见固定搭配 过得愉快过得愉快自学自学 请随便吃请随便吃 自言自语自言自语 独自独自 为自己为自己 不要客气不要客气 陶醉沉浸于陶醉沉浸于 自己穿衣服自己穿衣服 照顾自己照顾自己 enjoy oneself teach/learn oneself sth.help oneself to sth.say to oneself by oneself for oneself make onese
12、lf at home lose oneself in dress oneself look after oneself注意注意:oneself 有单复数之分有单复数之分 *I enjoy myself.*Children,help yourselves to some fish.1.The man is rich,he can buy _ a lot of things.A.he B.his C.himself2.-What a lovely card!Where did you buy it?-I made it by _.A.me B.myself C.itself3.“Help _ to
13、 some chicken,”my mother said to the guests.A.yourself B.yourselves C.your不定代词不定代词 不是指明代替特定名词(或形容词)的代不是指明代替特定名词(或形容词)的代词词 all,each,every,both,either,neither none,one,little,few,many,much other,another,some,any,no 由由some,any,no,every 等构成的合成代等构成的合成代词词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词 1.1.some/any some(一些
14、(一些,某)一般用于肯定句中某)一般用于肯定句中 There are some flowers in front of the house.any(一些(一些,任何)多用于疑问句和否定任何)多用于疑问句和否定句句 Do you have any picture-books?注意:注意:somesome有时也可用于表示请求、征求有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中意见的疑问句中 Would you like some meat?你想要些肉吗?你想要些肉吗?May I ask some questions?我可以问问题吗?我可以问问题吗?Could I have some apples?我可以
15、吃苹果吗?我可以吃苹果吗?Will you give me some water?你能给我些水吗?你能给我些水吗?2.2.many/much many 修饰或指代复数名词修饰或指代复数名词 There are many eggs in the basket.Many of us like playing games.much 修饰或指代不可数名词修饰或指代不可数名词 He doesnt know much English.3.3.another/other another 泛指三个或三个以上中的另一泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个个 I dont want this coat.Please sho
16、w me another.other 后面接名词,泛指别的、其他后面接名词,泛指别的、其他的的 Do you have any other questions?4.the other/others/the others4.the other/others/the others the other the other 1.特指两个中的另一个特指两个中的另一个 He has two sons.One is a worker,the other is a doctor.2.修饰名词,特指另一个、另一些修饰名词,特指另一个、另一些 Tom likes swimming,and the other bo
17、ys in his class like swimming,too.others泛指其他的人或物泛指其他的人或物 He often helps others.Some are playing basketball,others are playing football.the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部人特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物或物 There are fifty students in our class.Twenty of them are girls,the others are boys.5.5.few/a few/little/a little few/a few
18、修饰可数名词修饰可数名词 little/a little 修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词 few,little 表示否定意义表示否定意义,译为译为“没没有几个有几个”,“没有多少没有多少”a few,a little 表示肯定意义表示肯定意义,译译为为“有几个有几个”,“有一点有一点”1.Although all the girls have tried their best,only _ pass the exam.A.few B.a few C.a little2.Dont worry.There is _ time left.A.little B.a little C.few3.You a
19、re so great!_ people in the school can do it.A.A little B.Little C.Few 6.every/each6.every/each every单数名词单数名词,表示表示“每一个每一个”,强调共强调共性、整体性、整体,只作定语只作定语,形式上为单数形式上为单数.不与不与of 连用连用 Every child likes playing games.each 表示表示“每一个每一个”,强调个性强调个性,作定语主作定语主语、宾语和同位语语、宾语和同位语,常与常与of 连用连用 Each student was asked to try ag
20、ain.Each of them has a nice skirt.each everyeach (each (常与常与ofof连用连用)everyevery两两者或以上的每一个人或物者或以上的每一个人或物三三者或以上每一个人或物者或以上每一个人或物 every other every other 每隔每隔Eg:every other day Eg:every other day 每隔一天每隔一天 =every two days every two days I gave them _ an apple.A.every B.each C.each of There is a line of t
21、rees on _ side of the street.Aevery Beach Cboth She goes shopping _ five days.A.every B.each C.each of 他隔天来这里。他隔天来这里。He came here _ day.every other 7.7.all/none all“(全部全部)都都”,表示三者或三者以上,作同表示三者或三者以上,作同位语时位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为行为动词之前动词之前 We are all from Canada.They all like English.none“没有
22、没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词后常跟介词of(谓语动词单、复数均可)(谓语动词单、复数均可)None of us is/are afraid of dogs.none no onenonenoneno oneno one没有什么人没有什么人 /物物“没有人没有人”只能指人只能指人回答回答 how manyhow many 问句问句回答回答whowho问句问句none of+none of+复数名词复数名词 /them /them 谓语用单数谓语用单数 How many people are there in the room?_.A.None B.No one
23、 C.Lucy Who is in the room?_.A.None B.No one C.one None of them _ China.A.come from B.is from C.is come from 8.8.both/either/neither both“(两者)都(两者)都”,作主语时看作复数;作主语时看作复数;作定语时后跟名词复数作定语时后跟名词复数 My parents are both teachers.=Both of my parents are teachers.neither“(两者两者)都不都不”,含有否定意义,含有否定意义,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数作主
24、语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟作定语时后跟名词单数名词单数 Neither answer is right.either“两者中任何一个两者中任何一个”,作主语时作主语时谓语用第三人称单数谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词作定语时后跟名词单数单数 There are trees on either side of the street.=There are trees on both sides of the street.有关词组及应用有关词组及应用 both of/either of/neither of Both of them swim well.他们俩都游得很好。他们俩都游得
25、很好。Either of you goes to Beijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。Neither of them stopped to have a rest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。他们俩谁都不停下来休息。either of 两者之一+复数名词/them/us谓单neither of 两者两者都不都不谓单both of 两者两者都都谓复 _ of the girls _ him.They asked him for name card.A.Neither;know B.Either;know C.Neither;knows Both of his pare
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