英美概况(英文版ppt)课件.ppt

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1、 HistoryThe United States The United States of Americaof America英英语语国国家家概概况况America in the Colonial EraIThe War of IndependenceIIThe Civil WarIIIAmerica in the 20th CenturyIVAmerica in the 21st CenturyVCONTENTAmerica in the Colonial EraI 1.2 Boston Tea Party 1.3 The First Continental Congress 1.1 Pi

2、lgrim Fathers 1.1 Pilgrim FathersvIn 1620,Puritansthe Pilgrim Fathers sailed for Virginia aboard the ship Mayflower.v Reason to flee from England:to avoid the religious persecutionvLanded in what is now Plymouth,Massachusetts.1.2 Boston Tea PartyThe independence of the Massachusetts colonial governm

3、ent was curtailed,and more British soldiers were sent to the Port of Boston.v In 1773,patriots staged the“Boston Tea Party”in response to the tea tax.v British Parliament then passed The Intolerable Acts:They boarded British merchant ships and tossed 342 crates of tea into Boston harbor.1.3 The Firs

4、t Continental CongressvThe First Continental CongressSeptember,1774A meeting of colonial leaders who opposed British oppression was held in Philadelphia.They urged Americans to disobey The Intolerable Acts and to boycott(抵制)British trade.At the same time,the colonists began to defend themselves.The

5、War of IndependenceII 2.1 The Shot of Lexington 2.2 The Second Continental Congress 2.3 Declaration of Independence 2.4 Process of the War 2.5 The Establishment of the Constitution vOn April 19,British troops were sent to Lexington and Concord to disarm the American militiamen.vThe first shot in the

6、 American War of Independence.2.1 The Shot of Lexington 2.2 The Second Continental CongressvHeld in Philadelphia in May 1775 vAssume the functions of a national governmentFounding Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington.Printing paper money and opening diplomaticrelations wi

7、th foreign powers.vGeorge Washington,a wealthy Virginia planter,was respected as a man of ability and integrity.Once a colonel in the French and Indian War;One of the few Americans with considerable military experience;Led the continental army to the victory of the Independence War.George Washington

8、 2.2 The Second Continental Congress2.3 Declaration of IndependencevOn July 4,1776,the Declaration of Independence was signed.Q.What does the Declaration of Independence tell us?A:It tells of the theory of politics,which latter is central to the Western political tradition:Men has a natural right to

9、“Life,Liberty and the pursuit of happiness”.Government can rule only with“the consent of the governed”;Any government may be dissolved when it fails to protect the right of the people.vThe assistance from France Benjamin Franklina messenger to Europe to get help from other countries.The French King

10、made two agreements with Franklin:1.France would take part in the war against England.2.They agreed to trade with each other.Spain and Holland joined France against Englanda quick end to the war.2.4 Process of the WarvIn 1781,a decisive victory at Yorktown in VirginiavOn October 19,1781,the British

11、army was forced to surrender,and the war came to an end.vThe two parts signed the Treaty of Paris in 1783America won its independence 2.4 Process of the WarThe Civil WarIII 3.1 Causes of Civil War 3.2 Comparison of Power 3.3 The Fierce War 3.4 Influence of the Civil War 3.1 Causes of Civil Warv3.1.1

12、 Economic reason:two different economic systems v3.1.2 Political reasonThe NorthFederal Government as a unionThe SouthThe Confederate Government:the independence of each state Q.What was the essential cause of the Civil War?vTwo different economic systems existed side by side In the Southslavery was

13、 the foundation In the Northcommerce and industry led the economyvled to increased conflicts between North and South.3.1.1 Economic reasonSouthern Cotton PlantationWhitneys Cotton Gin3.1.1 Economic reason3.2 Comparison of Power3.3 The Fierce WarvOn Feb 4,1861,Abraham Lincoln took officevAbraham Linc

14、oln a young man&lawyer in IllinoisHe insisted slavery was evil and should be restricted and ultimately abolishedvChallenges Abraham Lincoln faced:first prioritykeeping the United States one countryfreedom for black peoplesecondary objective 3.3 The Fierce WarvOn April 14,Lincoln was assassinated by

15、actor John Wilkes Booth.3.3 The Fierce WarThe Lincoln Memorial,made of marble from Colorado and Tennessee and limestone from Indiana,stands in West Potomac Park in Washington,D.C.3.3 The Fierce WarA.1)abolished the slave system 2)swept the obstacles to the development of US capitalist production3.4

16、Influence of the Civil WarQ.What was the significance of the Civil War?America in the 20th CenturyIV 4.1 World War I 4.2 Post WWI to the 1940s 4.3 World War II 4.4 Post WWII Years v Outbreak of the First World WarInevitable result of contradiction between two groups of imperialist powers:AlliesBrita

17、in,France,and RussiaThe Central European PowersGermany,Austria-Hungary and Italy The political,economic and colonial rivalries of the great powers.4.1 World War IWorld War I 4.1 World War IQ.Why did America enter World War I?Germans submarines sank ships going to England injuring American trade.Germ

18、any promised the Mexicans a chance“to regain its lost territory by the war against the US”.After two years fighting,both sides grew wearya good chance for America to enter the war.4.1 World War IvUS entered the war in 1917 vAn armistice(停火协议停火协议)was concluded in November 1918 4.2 Post WWI to the 194

19、0svThe booming 1920s private business received substantial encouragementvThe Great Depression In 1929 the stock market crashedDepression deepened,many lost their life savings 4.2 Post WWI to the 1940sPeople Waiting for Relief vWorld War II broke out in September,1939 and ended in August,1945.vBackgr

20、ound of the war The World Spread economic crisis Germany and Italy began their ways of fascism and military expansion.Japan meant to conquer China and Southeast Asia by military expansion.4.3 World War IIA sit-on-the-fence policy do trade with the warring countries,including the aggressorsbelieve in

21、“glorious isolation”4.3 World War IIQ.What is Americas foreign policy in the early stage of World War II?v On the morning of December 7,1941,Japanese air force attacked the US Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor,Hawaii.It was the direct cause for Americas entrance into the war.4.3 World War II4.3 World Wa

22、r IIvEnd of WWIIThe US airforce dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima On August 6 and on Nagasaki on August 8.On September 2,1945,Japan surrendered.4.3 World War IIvThe Cold War United Nations in 1945a new and better world would emerge from World War II.The conflict between the two superpowers Russia an

23、d the US increased and later led to the Cold War.4.4 Post WWII Years vNATO In 1949,the United Statesin company with 11 other powersentered into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO).vThe Korean War The US aggressed Korea in June 1950A ceasefire agreement was signed in the summer of 1953marked

24、 the US failure and the end of the war.4.4 Post WWII Years Korean War MemorialvThe Vietnam WarA long-time suffering for the US Started under Eisenhower and continued by Kennedy and JohnsonIn 1965 US sent in troops to prevent the South Vietnamese government from collapsing.Ultimately,a failureIn 1975

25、 Vietnam was reunified under Communist control.4.4 Post WWII Years Table Tennis Foreign PolicyNixonfirst US president visited Beijing.The“Shanghai Communiqu”a new US policy:there was one China;Taiwan was part of China;Q.What contributions did Richard Nixon make in promoting the Sino-US relationship?

26、4.4 Post WWII Years Richard Nixon&Premier Zhou Enlai4.4 Post WWII Years vAmerica Since 1980s4.4 Post WWII Years Bill Clinton George Herbert Walker Bush Ronald ReaganvGeorge W.Bush PeriodGeorge W.Bush:The 43rd president of the US elected in 2000Since 2003,America has had the fastest-growing economyAm

27、erica in 21st centuryvThe war against terrorismTerrorist Event on September 11,2001vInvasion of Iraq On March 19,2003 an invasion of Iraq by American and British troops“Trial of century”the trial of Saddam began on October,19,2005 in Baghdad.Saddam is accused of crimes against humanity.America in 21st centuryThe present president-Obama vObama became the first African-American President in 2008 andWas re-elected in 2012.