英语国家社会与文化入门课件.ppt

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1、THE SOCIETY AND CULUTRE OF GREAT BRITAIN Book One Third Edition Higher Education PressRequirementsofthecourseAttendance 10%Class-room presentation 10%Quizs 20%Final exam Test(闭卷闭卷)60%ContentsIntroductionHistory Political SystemIndustry and EconomyLiterature and CultureReligions and BeliefsEducationU

2、nit1ABriefIntroductiontotheUnitedKingdomPart I A brief Introduction to the United KingdomPart II EnglandPart III ScotlandPart IV Waleswhereisit？anislandcountrybythesea.NorthwestAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.EnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.GeographicalFeatures1.Geographicalpos

3、itionofBritain:Britainisanislandcountrysurroundedbythesea.ItliesintheNorthwestAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.ItisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.2.ThenorthandwestofBritainaremainlyhighlands；andtheeastandsoutheastaremostlylowlands.PartoneAbriefI

4、ntroductiontotheUnitedKingdomA complicated name fora complicated countryI.DifferentNamesforBritainanditsParts1.Geographical names:the British Isles Great Britain Englandthe United Kingdom(UK)TheBritishIsles:theislandofGreatBritaintheislandofIrelandsurroundingislesUK=GreatBritain+NorthernIrelandGreat

5、Britain=England+Scotland+Wales2.Officialname:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland3.Othernames:theBritishEmpire(大不列颠帝国)BritishCommonwealthofNations（英联邦国家）AfreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Itwasfoundedin1931,andhas50membercountriesuntil1991.London(Dominant

6、)Capitalcity,LargestcityLargestportLargestpopulation(oneseventhofthenationspopulation)FinancialandCommercialcentreCulture(hosttheOlympicGamesin1908,1948,2012)Politicalcentre1.Westminstercentralgovernmentadministrativearea2.PalaceofWestminsterHousesofparliament(BigBen)3.WestminsterAbbeyancientchurch4

7、.Whitehall(street)5.Downingstreet,thehouseofNo.10officialresidenceofthePrimeMinster6.BuckinghampalaceroyalresidenceoftheQueenCulturalcenter(hosttheOlympicGamesin1908,1948,2012)TourismCityComplicatedcountry1.imperialcountry2.CommonwealthofNations3.memberofEuropeanUnion4.amemberofGroupofSeven5.multira

8、cial6.asocietywithaclassstructure7.regiondifference(justlikeChina)IV.Climate1.BritainsfavorableclimateBritainhasamaritimeclimate-wintersarenottoocoldandsummersarenottoohot.Ithasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.Thetemperaturevarieswithinasmallrange.3.Rainfall：Britainhasasteadyreliablerai

9、nfallthroughoutthewholeyear.TheaverageannualrainfallinBritainisover1,000mm.Thereisawatersurplusinthenorthandwest,andawaterdeficitinthesouthandeast.V.The People1.populationdistributionandconposition：Totalpopulation:about60millionunevenlydistributedHighlyurbanizedMutiracial/Mutinational2.Theoriginsora

10、ncestorsofthepeople:Anglo-SaxonstheEnglishCeltstheScots,WelshandIrishnon-Europeanethnicity(Indian,Pakistan,Caribbean,etc.)immigrants3.Thecharacterofthepeople：theEnglishtheScotsRegionaldivisiontheWelshtheIrishAnglo-SaxonsEthnicalgroupCeltsCommoncharacteristicscautiousadaptableconservativehavestrongna

11、tionalconsciousnessTheWelshareemotionalandcheerfulpeople.Theyaremusicloversandareproudoftheirpast.TheScotsaresaidtobeaserious,cautiousandthriftypeople,andtheyarealsohospitable,generousandfriendly.TheIrisharecharm.VI.ThreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain:England,ScotlandandWales.(1)England

12、isinthesouthernpartofGreatBritain.Itisthelargest,mostpopuloussection.(2)WalesisinthewestofGreatBritain.Capital:Cardiff(3)ScotlandisinthenorthofGreatBritain.Ithasthreenaturalzones(theHighlandsinthenorth；theCentrallowlands；thesouthUplands)Capital:Edinburgh(4)NorthernIrelandisthefourthregionoftheUK.Cap

13、ital:BelfastEnglandInthesouthernpartofGreatBritainThelargest,mostpopuloussectionAnglo-SaxonstheEnglishAhistoryofinvasionsThefourmajorinvasionsinthehistoryofGreatBritain:EnglandwasoccupiedbyCelticpeople.1.in43ADtheRomanempireResult:EnglandandWalesbecameapartoftheRomanempirefornearly400years.TheRomanb

14、uiltmanytowns,road,baths,templesandbuildings.TheymakegooduseofBritainsnaturalresources.Theyalsobroughtthenewreligion,Christianity,toBritain.2.The5thcenturyADtheAngle-SaxonResult:a.TheyeitherabsorbedtheCelticpeopleorpushthemtothewesternandnorthernedgesofBritain.b.Angle-Saxoninvaderswerecalledasthefor

15、efathersoftheEnglishandthefoundersofEngland.3.Thelate8thcenturytheVikingsandDanesResultdividebetweennorthernersandsouthernersinEnglandwhichcanbeexpressedasSaxonversusDane.KingAlfredtheGreat Hefoundedastrongfleetandisknownas“thefatheroftheBritishnavy”.HereorganizedtheSaxonarmy,makingitmoreefficient.4

16、1066TheNormantheimportantbattleofHastingsResults:a.WilliamtheConquerortooktheEnglishthroneandbecameWilliamtheFirstofEngland.b.Underhisrule,thegreatcastle,TowerofLondonwasbuilt.c.WilliamreplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland.ScotlandThes

17、econdlargestnationHavethemoststrongnationalconfidenceTopography:themostruggedpartthreenaturalzonestheHighlandinthenorth,thecentralLowlands,andtheSouthernUplands.Capitalcity:Edinburgh,aGermanicname,afineoldculturalcityknownforitsbeauty,fullofantiques,etc.The(third)largestcity:Glasgow,famousasshipbuil

18、dingcentreLanguage:English,GaelicPeoples:theScotsandthePictsThehistoryofinvasionsa.ScotlandwasnotconqueredbytheRomans.b.MostofScotlandwasntconqueredbyAnglo-Saxons.c.In9thcenturytheVikingsinvadedScotland.RelationshipbetweenEnglandandScotlandAnglo-ScottishconflictCloseties:intermarriageTwoimportantbat

19、tles1.TheBattleofBannockburn300Yearsoffullindependence 2.TheBattleofCullodenthelastbattleonBritishsoil,theHighlandclanculturewasbadlydestroyed.Politics:In1707,ScotlandjoinedtheUnionbyagreementoftheEnglishandtheScottishparliament.Rights:a.Electparliamentmemberandsent72representativestolondonb.havefar

20、morecontrolovertheirownaffairsthantheWelshC.havenoseparateparliamentParty:TheLabourPartyTheScottishNationalPartyTheConservativePartyCulturesymbol:kilt/tartanFamoussong:AuldLangSynebytheScotlandpoetRobertBurnsShouldoldacquaintancebeforgot,andneverbroughttomind?Shouldoldacquaintancebeforgot,andoldlang

21、syne?副歌:Forauldlangsyne,mydear,forauldlangsyne,welltakeacupofkindnessyet,forauldlangsyne.Andsurelyyoullbuyyourpintcup!andsurelyIllbuymine!Andwelltakeacupokindnessyet,forauldlangsyne.副歌Wetwo haverunabouttheslopes,andpickedthedaisiesfine;Butwevewanderedmanyawearyfoot,sinceauldlangsyne.副歌Wetwo have pad

22、dledinthestream,frommorningsuntilldine;Butseasbetweenusbroad have roaredsinceauldlangsyne.副歌Andtheresahandmytrustyfriend!Andgive usahandothine!Andwelltakearightgood-will draught,forauldlangsyne.WalesInthewestofGreatBritain.ThesmallestnationonBritishmainland,largerthanNorthernIrelandTopography:Pastur

23、eCapital:Cardiff(320,000people)Language:English/Welsh(19%),Localismisdeep-rooted.Economy:Traditionalindustry:Coal-mining,coalandsteelNewindustriesbyattractinginvestmentHistoryofinvasion:a.WaleswasconqueredbytheRomans.b.WaleswasntreallyconqueredbyAnglo-SaxonsandtheVikings.c.WaleswasinvadedbytheNorman

24、sRelationshipwithEnglanda.WaleshasbeendominatedbyEnglandforlongerthantheothernations.b.WaleswasalwaysunderthreatfromEnglandaftertheNormanconquest.In1536,Waleswasbroughtlegally,adminstratively,politicallyintotheUKbyanactoftheBritishParliament.Politics:Electparliamentmemberandsent38representativestoLo

25、ndonParty:TheNationalistPartyPlaidCymru/ThePartyofWalesLegendaryheroesofWelshnationalism:GlyndwrandLlywelynCulture:TheLandofSongTheWelshkeeptheirlanguageandcultureinthisway:ThroughouttheyeartheyhavefestivalsofsonganddanceandpoetrycalledEisteddfodau(艺术年会).ThegreateventoftheyearistheNationalEisteddfod

26、.OntheseoccasionscompetitionsareheldinWelshpoetry,music,singingandart.NorthernIrelandOldname:UlsterthesmallestinareaandpopulationTopography:Lowhillsandlakedistrict,ruggedcoastlineslandmark:GiantsCausewayCapital:Belfast(about480000people,Titanicwasbuiltthere)CultureandFigures(4thpara.onPage20)Industr

27、y:shipbuildingandaircraftmanufactureEconomy:stagnant(why)LowcrimeandmurderrateLowwealthperheadLowlivingcostIrishQuestion(politicaltroubles):thegreatestheadacheoftheBritishGovernmentPeople:dividedonthequestionofreligionandnationalloyaltyProtestantsReligionCatholicsUlsterloyalistsnationalloyaltytheUni

28、onists6.IrishQuestion(politicaltroubles):thegreatestheadacheoftheBritishGovernmentThemainprobleminNorthernIreland:thefightbetweentheProtestantsandtheRomanCatholicstheProtestants:thedominantgrouptheRomanCatholics:seekingmoresocial,politicalandeconomicopportunitiesHistoryofnationalproblemReasons:a.Ire

29、land:thefirstcolonyb.Greathatred,littleroomThechangeofsituationPursueIrishindependenceHomeruleIrishpoliticalcontroloverIrishaffairsGuerillaorterroristactivities 1.theEasterRisingof1916:wasthemostspectacularevent,inwhichtherebelstookoverDublinsPostOffice,forcingtheBritishtoretakeitbymilitarymeans.2.t

30、hefightingofIRAin19193.theSinnFeinAPartitionofIreland(1921)Bringtoanend700yearsofBritishruleinsouthernIrelandThesouthern26countiesformanindependentstateThenorth-eastern6countiesremainapartoftheUKPoliticsasapartoftheUKSent12representativestoLondonStormont:aparliamentofitsownPartylegal:a.theSinnFeinpa

31、rtyb.SDLP:SocialDemocraticandLabourParty IRA:IrishRepublicanArmy(illegal)PoliticaltroublesinNorthernIreland(famous):Indigenous Roman Catholics vs.Protestant immigrates The fuse of the revolt in the 1970sAPartitionofIreland(1921)Bringtoanend700yearsofBritishruleinsouthernIrelandThesouthern26countiesf

32、ormanindependentstateThenorth-eastern6countiesremainapartoftheUKGeneralreasons:sectariandistrustanddownrighthatredFeatures:bloody,chaotic,disastrous,terroristMeans:marches,speeches,sit-ins,strikeevenriots(tit-for-tatorrevengekillings)Results:mostofthecasualtiesofcivilians1969eventTheProvisionalIRAParamilitarygroupsGettoesinNorthernIrishcitiesThepolicyofInternmentTheBloodySundaySolution1973agreement1985agreement1993DowningStreetDeclaration1994ceasefiretheGoodFridayAgreement此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！