双折射现象1.ppt
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1、5.双折射双折射 Double Refraction 1)双折射现象双折射现象 unpolarized light自然光自然光O光光e-光光双折射双折射双折射双折射双折射双折射 calcite方解石方解石The“double-bending”of a beam transmittedthrough calcite,is called double refraction.2)the ordinary ray(O-ray)and the extraordinary ray(e-ray).(1687年惠更斯研究)年惠更斯研究)a)two beams are polarized light with
2、their planes of vibration at right angles to each other.O光光e光光b)O-ray obey the refraction law.The crystal has a single index of refraction no.c)The e ray index of refraction varies with direction from no to a smaller value (for calcite)ne.(与入射角有关与入射角有关 且不为定值)且不为定值)对对O光:光:对对e光:光:(与入射角无关与入射角无关 且为定值)且为
3、定值)e光在晶体中传播,光在晶体中传播,光速是一变值。光速是一变值。为什么?为什么?自然光自然光方解石方解石3)optic axis 光轴光轴787868102a)optic axis 光轴光轴-光轴光轴The direction at which a beam transmitted through calcite without double refraction called optic axis.b)The optic axis is found by erecting a line at either of the two corners where three obtuse ang
4、les meet(the“blunt”corners),making equal angles 68 with the crystal edges.Any line in the crystal parallel to this line is also an optic axis.光轴光轴4)principal section 主截面主截面The principal section is consist of the normal to crystal surface and optic axis.Any section in the crystal parallel to this sec
5、tion is also the principal section.注意:注意:when incident ray lie in the principal section,the vibration of O-ray normal to the principal section and the vibration of e-ray parallel to the principal section.102787878光轴光轴入射面在主截面内时,入射面在主截面内时,o光光e光的振动面互相垂直光的振动面互相垂直Two planes of vibration at right angles t
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