专业英语翻译技巧简论(精品).ppt
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1、 机械工程及自动化专业英语机械工程及自动化专业英语 机械电子方向机械电子方向 南通大学 机械工程学院专业英语课内容安排:专业英语翻译技巧简论。专业英语翻译技巧简论。十四篇课文讲解,分别为十四篇课文讲解,分别为 Unit 5,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19考查:补充英文资料翻译考查:补充英文资料翻译。第一部分 专业英语翻译技巧简论vESP(专门用途英语即即专业英语)English For Specific PurposesEST(科技英语)English for Science and TechnologyEBE(商业经济英语)English for Bu
2、siness and EconomicsESS(社会科学英语)English for Social Science vEAP(学术英语)English for Academic PurposesvEOP(职业英语)English for Occupational PurposesvESP的语法特点:的语法特点:名词化名词化被动语态被动语态名词化名词化mThe rocket has been developed.For this reason,man can enter space.mThe development of the rocket makes it possible for man
3、to enter space.mIf we know the forces on the gear,we can determine its size.mKnowledge of the forces on the gear makes possible the determination of its size.被动语态被动语态vGears must be properly lubricated.vThe laws of motion will be discussed in the next article.vHeat and light are given off in some che
4、mical reaction.vThe three factors are interdependent,for each influences is influenced by the actions and reactions of the others.这三个因素相互依赖,因为它们之间的作用和这三个因素相互依赖,因为它们之间的作用和反作用都是相互影响的。反作用都是相互影响的。单词是构成句子的基本要素之一,因此单单词是构成句子的基本要素之一,因此单词的翻译直接关系到句子的翻译。词的翻译直接关系到句子的翻译。限于课时,我们只介绍:限于课时,我们只介绍:一一.词的搭配词的搭配 二二.词义转译词
5、义转译 三三.词的增译词的增译第一讲:单词第一讲:单词一、词的搭配1、动词与名词的搭配动词与名词的搭配 以动词“Move”为例,其基本意思是“运动”,但在不同的句子里与不同的名词搭配,译法则也不同。(1)The earth moves round the sun.地球绕太阳旋转。(2)Heat moves from a hotter to a colder body.热量从温度较高的物体传到温度较低的物体上。(3)Move Mike to other work.调Mike去做别的工作。(4)The work moves slowly.工作进展很慢。2、副词与动词的搭配、副词与动词的搭配 以副词
6、“successfully”为例。(1)Spot-welding has already been used successfully in welding fuel tanks.点焊已经成功地用来焊接油箱。(2)The task was finished successfully.圆满地完成了任务。(3)Our production plan has been successfully carried out.我们的生产计划已顺利执行了。3、形容词与名词的搭配形容词与名词的搭配 以形容词“thick”为例。(1)The book is 8 inches thick.这本书有8英寸厚。(2)H
7、e drew a thick line on the paper.他在纸上画了一条粗线。(3)Thick liquids pour much slowly than thin liquids.粘稠的液体比稀薄的液体流动慢得多。(4)The conditions are too thick.条件太过分了(太多了)。二、词义转译1、英语动词、形容词、副词译成汉语名词英语动词、形容词、副词译成汉语名词。(1)Gases differ from solids in that the former has greater compressibility than the latter.气体和固体的区别在
8、于气体的可压缩性比固体大。(2)The instrument is characterized by its compactness and portability.这个仪器的特点是结构紧凑、携带方便。(3)The cutting tools must be strong,tough,hard and wear resistant.刀具必须有足够的强度、韧性、硬度,而且耐磨。2、英语名词、介词、形容词、副词译成汉语动词。英语名词、介词、形容词、副词译成汉语动词。(1)The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous r
9、ise in labour productivity.使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。(2)In any machine input work equals output work plus work done against friction.任何机器的输入功,都等于输出功加上 克服摩擦所做的功。(3)Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible.科学家们深信一切物质是不灭的。(4)Open the valve to let air in.打开阀门,让空气进入。3、英语形容词、名词译成汉语副词。英语形容词、名词译成
10、汉语副词。(1)A continuous increase in the temperature of a gas confined in a container will lead to a continuous increase in the internal pressure within the gas.不断提高密封容器内气体的温度,会使气体的内压力不断增大。(2)It is our great pleasure to note that China will soon join the WTO.我们很高兴地注意到,中国不久就要加入世界贸易组织。三、词的增译1、增加英语中省略的词增加英
11、语中省略的词。(1)Traditionally,chemistry has evolved onto four provinces:organic,inorganic,physical and analytical chemistry.按传统说话,化学已逐渐发展成了四大分支:有机化学、无机化学、物理化学和分析化学。(2)Electricity became useful only after the nineteenth century.19世纪以后,电才成为有用的东西。2、增加表示名词复数的词。增加表示名词复数的词。(1)The first electronic computer used
12、vacuum tubes and other components and made equipment very large and bulky.第一代电子计算机使用电子管和其他元件,这使设备又大又笨。(2)Ground radar sets can“see”enemy planes at great distance through darkness or clouds,and can direct antiaircraft fire at them.地面雷达装置可以透过夜幕或云层,“看到”遥远的敌机群,并指示高射兵器向它们开火。3、增加某些被动语态或动名词中没有具体指出的动作执行者或暗增
13、加某些被动语态或动名词中没有具体指出的动作执行者或暗含的逻辑主语。含的逻辑主语。(1)The material is said to behave elastically.我们说,这种材料具有弹性。(2)To explore the moons surface,rockets were launched again and again.为了探测月球的表面,人们一次又一次地发射火箭。4、在形容词前加名词在形容词前加名词 (1)According to Newtons Third Law of Motion,action and reaction are equal and opposite.根据
14、牛顿运动第三定律,作用力和反作用力是大小相等方向相反的。(2)The washing machine of this type is indeed cheap and fine.这种类型的洗衣机真是价廉物美。5、增加表示数量意义的概括性的词,以起修饰润色的作用、增加表示数量意义的概括性的词,以起修饰润色的作用 (1)A designer must have a good foundation in statics,kinematics,dynamics and strength of materials.一个设计人员必须在静力学、运动学、动力学和材料学这四个方面有很好的基础。(2)The fr
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