初中英语定语从句讲解.pdf

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1、定语从句：Step 1 定语从句的位置Step 2 结构（关系词替换重复出现的名词、时间、地点状语等）1.Hilary is a woman.The woman is very successful.Hilary is a woman who is very successful.2.LAMY is a brand.The brand is very popular.LAMY is a brand which is very popular.3.The work has just been finished.The work is very important.The work which h

2、as just been finished is very important.4.Thats the girl.I teach the girl.Thats the girl whom I teach.5.This is a house.The window of the house broke last night.This is the house whose window broke last night.6.China is the birthplace of kites.Kite flying spreads to Japan from China.China is the bir

3、thplace from where kite flying spreads to Japan.7.I still remember a day.I first came to Beijing on that day.I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.8.Do you know the reason why he is absent?9.They have reached the point.They have to separate with each other at that point.They have rea

4、ched the point where they have to separate with each other.Step 3Step 3 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。e.g.I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that 用引导。e.g.Toms father,who is over

5、sixty,still works hard day and night.（who 引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）step 4step 4 使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that 与 which 的区别。1）用 that 而不用 which 的情况：先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,；先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；先行词有 only,very,any等词修饰；先行词既有人又有物时。e.g.There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it.没有什么能阻止他不干

6、那件事。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。2）用 which 而不用 that 的情况：引导非限制性定语从句；代表整个主句的意思；介词+关系代词。e.g.He had failed in the maths exam,

7、which made his father very angry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。This is the room in which my father lived last year.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。3）as 引导定语从句时的用法as 引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same as,such as结构中。e.g.I want the same shirt asmy friends.我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制

8、造的。as 引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all,as is said,as is reported,as is announced,as weall know,as I expect 等。e.g.As I expected,he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which 的区别当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用 which 来引导非

9、限制性定语从句。e.g.He made a long speech,as we expected.He made a long speech,which was unexpected.当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which 引导。e.g.Tom drinks a lot every day,whichhis wife doesnt like at all.2.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g.The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。The studen

10、ts who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.3.定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。e.g.There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.4.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。e.g.October 1,1949 was the day on which(=when)the Peoples Republic of China wasfounded.5.当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。e.g.The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.6.介词在关系代词前，只能用which 和 whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有 which,that,whom,口语中也可用 who，且可省略。e.g.The man(whom/who/that)you were talking about has come to school.