非谓语动词的时态和语态问题.pdf

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1、非谓语动词的时态和语态问题The final revision was on November 23,2020非谓语动词的时态和语态问题非谓语动词的时态和语态问题不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化.不定式不定式一般式进行式完成式动名词和现动名词和现在分词在分词一般式完成式一、非谓语动词的时态问题一、非谓语动词的时态问题不定式或动词的-ing形式(包括现在分词和动名词)的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前，用完成式，否则就用一般式。例：1.1.I dont know whether you happen _,_,but Im going to study in the U.S.A.this

2、 September.(辽宁卷)A.A.to be heardC.C.to hearB.B.to be hearing D.D.to have heard主动语态主动语态To doTo be doingTo have done被动语态被动语态To be doneTo have been done与谓语动词的关系与谓语动词的关系动作发生在谓语动作之后与谓语动作同时发生动作发生在谓语动作之前与谓语动词的关系与谓语动词的关系与谓语动作同时发生动作发生在谓语动作之前主动语态主动语态DoingHaving doing被动语态被动语态Being doneHaving been done【分析】【分析】答案

3、选 D。hear发生在谓语 dont know之前，用不定式的完成式。句意是：我不知道你是否已经听说过了，今年九月我要去美国学习。2.2.The old man,_ _ abroad for twenty years,is on the way back to his motherland.(江苏卷)A.A.to workC.C.to have workedB.B.workingD.D.having worked【分析】【分析】答案选 D。work发生在谓语(返回祖国)之前，用现在分词的完成式作状语，表示时间，相当于after he has worked abroad不定式作状语不能表示时间。

4、3.3.“We cant go out in this weather,”said Bob,_ _ out of the window.(四川卷)A.A.lookingC.C.looked B.B.to lookD.D.having looked【分析】【分析】答案选 A。look out of the window与谓语动词 said同时发生，用现在分词的一般式作状语，表示伴随情况。若表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生，并强调正在进行的情景或持续性，可用进行式。如：He seems to be reading a newspaper.他好像在看报。?二、非谓语动词的语态问题二、非谓语动词的语

5、态问题当不定式或动词的-ing形式与其逻辑主语是主动关系，用主动式；是被动关系，用被动式。如：Little Jim should love _ _ to the theatre this evening.(全国卷)A.A.to be takenC.C.being takenB.B.to takeD.D.taking【分析】【分析】答案选 A。句子主语 Little Jim与 take是被动关系，“被带去看戏”发生在“想(should love=want)”后，所以用不定式的被动式作宾语。说明：说明：动词不定式用主动形式表被动含义的情况：在作表语或宾补的形容词后用状语时；作定语修饰have,th

6、ere be,this/that/these/those be等后面的名词或代词时；作表语的to blame等。如：1.1.The text is difficult to learn.这篇课文很难学。(to learn主动表被动)2.2.We found the text difficult to learn.我们觉得这篇课文很难学。(to learn主动表被动)3.3.He was to blame for that.他因此受到了责备。(作表语的 to blame主动表被动)4.4.Im going to the supermarket this afternoon.Do you have

7、 anything _ _ (上海卷)A.A.to be buyingC.C.for buyingB.B.to buyD.D.bought【分析】【分析】答案选 B。表示“有要”，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。need,want和 require表示“需要”，主语通常是物时，后面除用不定式的被动式外，也可用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动。如：There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ _ road conditions need _._.(上海卷)A.A.that;to be improvedC.C.where;improvingB.B.which;to be improvedD.D.when;improving【分析】【分析】答案选 A。need improving=need to be improved。that引导的从句与 problem是同位语。