新概念2精选课程--动词过去式和过去分词.pdf

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1、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。一一.规则变化规则变化:1.一般情况直接加 ed，如 askasked,workworked2.以不发音的 e 结尾，只加 d，如 loveloved,dancedanced3.以辅音字母加 y 结尾，把 y 变为 i，再加 ed，如 trytried,studystudied4.以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或 r 音节结尾 而 末 尾 只 有 一 个 辅 音 字 母),先 双 写 末 尾 这 个 辅 音 字 母,再 加 ed,如stopstopped

2、,permitpermitted注：A.以 l 结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写 l,如 controlcontrolled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以，如 traveltraveled(美)/travelled(英)。B.特例:picnicpicnickedpicnicked(去野餐),traffictraffickedtrafficked（交易,在通行）另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.(见后)C.读音与说明:.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为t:helped,liked,finished,fetched,stopped,clapped.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发

3、音为d:believed,changed,planned,preferred,followed,stayed.-ed在t、d 后发音为id:wanted,needed,admitted,permitted二二.不规则动词表不规则动词表:1.AAA1.AAA（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）动词原形costkstcutkthurth:thithitletletputputreadri:dsetsetspreadspredspitspitshutt过去式costkstcutkthurth:thithitletletputputreadri:dsetsetsprea

4、dspredspit/spatspitshutt过去分词costkstcutkthurth:thithitletletputputreadri:dsetsetspreadspredspit/spatspitshutt花费割，切受伤打，撞让放下读安排，安置展开，传播，涂吐痰,关上,闭起,停止营业2.AAB2.AAB（动词原形与过去式同形）（动词原形与过去式同形）动词原形过去式过去分词beatbi:tbeatbi:tbeatenbi:tn打败3.ABA3.ABA（动词原形与过去分词同形）（动词原形与过去分词同形）动词原形becomebikmcomekmrunrn过去式becamebikeimcam

5、ekeimranrn过去分词becomebikmcomekmrunrn变来跑4.ABB4.ABB（过去式与过去分词同形）（过去式与过去分词同形）（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t 或 ed 构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形burnb:n过去式burntb:nt过去分词burntb:nt燃烧dealdi:ldreamdri:mhearhihanghlearnl:nlightlaitmeanmi:nprovepru:vshineainshowusmellsmelspeedspi:dspellspelwakeweik动词原形buildbildlendlendrebuild,ri:bildsends

6、endspendspend动词原形bringbribuybaifightfaitthinkik动词原形catchktteachti:t动词原形digdifeedfi:dfindfaindgetetholdhuldleadli:dmeetmi:tsitsitshootu:tspitspitdealtdeltdreamed/dreamtheardh:dhanged/hunghlearned/learntl:ntlit/lightedlitmeantmentprovedshone/shineddealtdeltdreamed/dreamtdremtheardh:dhanged/hunglearned

7、/learntl:ntlit/lightedlitmeantmentproven/provedpru:vnshone/shinedun,n解决做梦听见绞死，悬挂学习点燃,照亮意思证明,证实,试验使照耀，使发光展示,给.看闻,嗅加速拼写醒来，叫醒,激发建筑借给改建,重建送花费带来买打架思考,想捉,抓教掘(土),挖(洞、沟等)喂发现，找到得到拥有，握住，支持引导,带领,领导遇见坐射击吐痰,showed/shownunshowedsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmeltspedsped/speededsped/speededspedspelled/speltspelt

8、spelled/speltspeltwaked/wokewuk过去式builtbiltlentlentrebuilt,ri:biltsentsentspentspent过去式broughtbr:tboughtb:tfoughtf:tthought:t过去式caughtk:ttaughtt:t过去式dugdfedfedfoundgottheldheldledledmetmetsatstshottspit/spatsptwaked/wokenwukn过去分词builtbiltlentlentrebuilt,ri:biltsentsentspentspent过去分词broughtbr:tbought

9、b:tfoughtf:tthought:t过去分词caughtk:ttaughtt:t过去分词dugdfedfedfoundgot/gottentnheldheldledledmetmetsatstshottspit/spatspt（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。（3）原形ought ought(4)原形aught aught（5）变其中一个元音字母stickstikwinwin动词原形feelfi:lkeepki:pleaveli:vsleepsli:psweepswi:p(7)其它动词原形layleipaypeisayseistandstndunde

10、rstandloselu:zhaveh vmakemeiksellseltelltelretell,ri:telstuckstkwonwn过去式feltfeltkeptkeptleftleftsleptsleptsweptswept过去式laidleidpaidpeidsaidsedstoodstudunderstood,nd stndlostlst,l:sthadhd,h d,dmademeidsolds uldtoldt uldretold,ri:t uldstuckstkwonwn过去分词feltfeltkeptkeptleftleftsleptsleptsweptswept过去分词la

11、idleidpaidpeidsaidsedstoodstudunderstood,nd stndlostlst,l:sthadhd,h d,dmademeidsolds uldtoldt uldretold,ri:t uld插进,刺入,粘住,赢感到保持离开睡觉扫下蛋,放置付说站明白失去有制造卖告诉重讲，重复，复述（6）原形lt/pt/ftlt/pt/ft5.ABC5.ABC（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）（1）原形过去式原形+(e)n动词原形blowbl udrive draiv drawdr:eati:tfallf:lgiveivgrowr u

12、forgivef ivknown umistakemisteikovereat uv i:tprovepru:vtaketeikthrowr urideraidseesi:showu过去式blewblu:drovedr uvdrewdru:ateet,eitfellfelfelgaveeivgrewru:forgotf tknewnju:,nu:mistookmistukoverate,uv reitprovedtooktukthrewru:roder udsaws:showed过去分词blowndrivendriv ndrawndr:neateni:t nfallenf:l ngiveniv

13、 ngrownr unforgivenknownmistookenovereatenproven/provedtakenteikn,teik n吹驾驶画画吃落下给生长原谅,饶恕知道弄错;误解,(使)吃过量证明,证实,试验拿thrownr un,r un抛，扔riddenrid n骑seensi:nshowed/shown看见展示unwriterait动词原形breakbreikchoosetu:zgetethidehaidforgetfetfreezefri:zspeakspi:kstealsti:l动词原形beginbiindrinkdriksingsisinksikswimswimring

14、ri（4）其它动词原形be(am,is,are)bearbdodu:,du:flyflaigoulielaiwearwwroterut过去式brokebrukchosetuzgotthidhidforgotftfrozefruzspokespukstole过去式beganbindrankdrksangssankskswamswmrangr过去式was/wereboreb:diddidflewflu:wentwentlayleiworew:writtenritn过去分词brokenbruknchosentuzngot/gottentnhiddenhidnforgottenftnfrozenfruznspokenspuknstolenstuln过去分词begunbindrunkdrksungssunkskswumswmrungr过去分词beenborn/borneb:ndonednflownflungonenlainleinwornw:n写打破选择得到隐藏忘记冷冻,结冰，感到严寒说偷开始喝唱下沉,沉没游泳打电话是负担,忍受做飞去躺穿（2）原形过去式过去式+(e)n(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。ia u