《情态动词》PPT课件.ppt

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1、Chapter 5.5 Modal Verbn nIt represents the speakers attitude towards some action It represents the speakers attitude towards some action or state.It has meaning itself,but it cant be used as or state.It has meaning itself,but it cant be used as predicate separately.It has no change of persons and pr

2、edicate separately.It has no change of persons and numbers.numbers.n n1 1cancan n n (1)ability(1)ability(表示能力表示能力)=be able to)=be able ton n The theatre can seat 2500 people.The theatre can seat 2500 people.n n We can use the computer now.We can use the computer now.n n (2)possibility(2)possibility(

3、可能性可能性)n n A more suitable book cant be found here.A more suitable book cant be found here.n n He can be at home now.He can be at home now.1 1n n(3)permission=mayn n Can I come in?n n You can go now.n n (4)surprise.doubt.etc.n n What can he mean?(惊异)n n How can you be so careless?(惊疑)n n 2 2n nCan/b

4、e able ton n They are the same in meaning.n n But be able to has more forms of tenses while can has only past formn n No one can do it.=be able to n n Will you be able to come tonight?n n I am sorry.I havent been able to answer your letter.3 3n n2.Could2.Couldn n (1)the past form of can (1)the past

5、form of cann n Could you follow her talk?(ability)Could you follow her talk?(ability)n n She asked whether she could take the books She asked whether she could take the books out of the room.(possibility)out of the room.(possibility)n n Where could they be now?(doubt)Where could they be now?(doubt)n

6、 n (2)show respect or kindness to others (2)show respect or kindness to othersn n Could you help me?Could you help me?4 4n nI could come earlier,if necessary.n n Im afraid we couldnt give you an answer today.n n(3)in the sentence of unreal condition n n I would help you if I could.n nIf you had work

7、ed harder,you could have passed the exam.5 5n n3.May3.Mayn n (1)ask for suggestion (1)ask for suggestionn n May I ask you a question?May I ask you a question?n n You may take this seat if you like.You may take this seat if you like.n n Note:when we answer the question May Note:when we answer the que

8、stion May I.,wed better not use may to answer to I.,wed better not use may to answer to avoid impoliteness avoid impoliteness n n May I smoke here?May I smoke here?n n -certainly,of course -certainly,of coursen n -please dont.No,you mustnt -please dont.No,you mustnt6 6n n(2)possibility.it is often u

9、sed in declarative(2)possibility.it is often used in declarative sentence.sentence.n nYou may walk ten miles without seeing a house.You may walk ten miles without seeing a house.n nShe may not be there today.She may not be there today.n n(3)It is often used in the clauses of purpose or(3)It is often

10、 used in the clauses of purpose or concessionconcessionn n Write to him at once so that he may know it in Write to him at once so that he may know it in time.time.7 7n n Try to encourage her,so that she may succeed in her experiment.n n Although program may be low,it is sure.n n(4)may is used in sub

11、junctive mood,meaning wishn n May you succeed!n n May that day come soon.8 8n n4.Might4.Mightn n(1)the past form of way(1)the past form of wayn n He asked if he might borrow the book.He asked if he might borrow the book.n nShe was afraid they might not like the idea.She was afraid they might not lik

12、e the idea.n n(2)=may(show respect or kindness)(2)=may(show respect or kindness)n n You might have some fever.You might have some fever.n n Mr.Lin might want to contact you.Mr.Lin might want to contact you.9 9n n(3)in the adverbial clause of purpose or concessionn n-He said he wouldnt change his min

13、d whatever they might say.n n-He worked hard,so that he might/could get good grade.n n-He could not convince them,try as he might.1010n n(4)in the subjunctive mood(4)in the subjunctive moodn nIf he were here you might get some help from If he were here you might get some help from him.him.n nShe mig

14、ht have learnt more if she had made She might have learnt more if she had made better use of her time.better use of her time.n nNote:in oral practice,we often use could in Note:in oral practice,we often use could in some sentences.some sentences.n nCould I smoke here?might I.?Could I smoke here?migh

15、t I.?n nCan I help you?Can I help you?n nYesterday we could only stay for a few minutes.Yesterday we could only stay for a few minutes.1111n n5.Mustn n (1)be sure to do something.必须n n We must do everything well.n n You mustnt talk like that.n n Must we hand in our plan this week?n n Yes,you must.No

16、,you neednt.1212n n(2)must(past form)n n He told me I must be there at 5.n n He said we must wait a little while.n n (3)guessn n This must be your room.n n There must be a mistake.1313n n(4)must have to(4)must have to 区别区别n n 1.have to,must 1.have to,must 必须必须 时意思接近时意思接近n n That night we must/have t

17、o get everything That night we must/have to get everything readyreadyn n2.must 2.must 强调主观看法强调主观看法 have to have to 客观需要客观需要n n I must tidy up the room.I must tidy up the room.主主n n I have to tidy up the room.I have to tidy up the room.客客n n You must be back by ten.You must be back by ten.n n You hav

18、e to be back by ten.You have to be back by ten.1414n n3.have to 可用于多种时态，而must 只用于现在和过去时n n We had to be there at ten.n n Well have to reconsider the whole thing.n n By that time we had had to stay at home.1515n n6.Ought6.Oughtn n (1)something that ought to be done=should (1)something that ought to b

19、e done=should n n Ought to Ought to 语气更强语气更强n n We ought to help each other in our work.We ought to help each other in our work.n n You ought not to write so carelessly,You ought not to write so carelessly,n n Oughtnt we to give him a chance to try?Oughtnt we to give him a chance to try?n n He said

20、such a thing ought not to be allowed He said such a thing ought not to be allowed to happen.to happen.1616n n(2)something that is likely to happen.n nIf we start right now,we ought to be able to get there in time.n nThere is a fine sunset,it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.n n (3)表示揣测n n He ought to

21、 go now.n n They ought to arrive there by now.1717n n7.Need7.Needn n(1)It is often used in negative or interrogative(1)It is often used in negative or interrogative sentences.sentences.n n Need you go so soon?Need you go so soon?n n So I neednt tell him,need I?So I neednt tell him,need I?n n We need

22、nt hurry?We neednt hurry?n n Need I come?Yes,you must.Need I come?Yes,you must.n n I hardly need say how much we missed you.I hardly need say how much we missed you.n n I dont think you need worry.I dont think you need worry.1818n n(2)It can also be used as transitive V,it can follow infinitive.n n

23、We need to know something about it.n n The question needs to be discussed.n n They didnt need to go.n n Dose he need to stay here?1919n n8.Dare8.Daren n (1)It is the same as need.it is often used in (1)It is the same as need.it is often used in negative or interrogative sentences.Sometime in negativ

24、e or interrogative sentences.Sometime in the adverbial clause of condition.the adverbial clause of condition.n n Dare you go home alone Dare you go home alone？n n He darent even look out.He darent even look out.n n How dared they do such a thing?How dared they do such a thing?n n No one dared speak

25、of it in the past.No one dared speak of it in the past.n n I scarcely dare to think of it,I scarcely dare to think of it,2020n n(2)dare+(2)dare+其它其它(transitive V)(transitive V)n n The girl didnt dare to go home.The girl didnt dare to go home.n n I have never dared to tell him about it.I have never d

26、ared to tell him about it.n n I wonder how he dared to say such a thing.I wonder how he dared to say such a thing.n n Nobody would dare to suspect him.Nobody would dare to suspect him.n n (3)I dare say,dont you dare.(3)I dare say,dont you dare.n n I dare say what I did yesterday.I dare say what I di

27、d yesterday.n n Dont you dare go out?Dont you dare go out?21219.shall.Modal verbn n (1)ask for suggestion (1)ask for suggestionn n Shall I turn on the light?Shall I turn on the light?n n What shall we drink?What shall we drink?n n Shall he come to see you?Shall he come to see you?n n (2)In the decla

28、rative sentence,which represents (2)In the declarative sentence,which represents permission,warning,order,determination,etc.permission,warning,order,determination,etc.n n Then you shall come.(order)Then you shall come.(order)n n Dont worry.You shall get the answer this very Dont worry.You shall get

29、the answer this very afternoon.(permission)afternoon.(permission)2222n nYou naughty boy,you shall get what you You naughty boy,you shall get what you deserve.(warning)deserve.(warning)n n Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.(determination)pl

30、an.(determination)n n(3)In objective clause or subjective clause,its(3)In objective clause or subjective clause,its meaning is should meaning is should n n It is decided that a special committee shall see It is decided that a special committee shall see to this matter.to this matter.n nShe desires t

31、hat it shall not be mentioned for She desires that it shall not be mentioned for the present.the present.2323n n10.Will10.Willn n(1)in the interrogative sentence,it is the same (1)in the interrogative sentence,it is the same as shall,which represents request,or invitation.as shall,which represents r

32、equest,or invitation.n n Wont you take off your coat?Wont you take off your coat?n n Will you type this,please?Will you type this,please?n n(2)In the declarative sentence,It means(2)In the declarative sentence,It means intention.intention.n n I will never talk about that again.I will never talk abou

33、t that again.n n A man who wont work is no good.A man who wont work is no good.2424n n(3)frequent action=wouldn n No matter what you may say,he will always stick to his own views.n n When she is in trouble,she will ask the teacher for advice.n n (4)揣测“大概”n nThis will be the house you are looking for

34、.n n He will have gone back to Beijing.2525n n11.Should11.Shouldn n (1)“(1)“应该应该”n n We should help them finish the work.We should help them finish the work.n nHe should stay here to wait for his mother.He should stay here to wait for his mother.n n (2)“(2)“委婉委婉”n n I should think you are right.I sh

35、ould think you are right.n n I should advise you not to do that.I should advise you not to do that.2626n n(3)“揣测”n n They should arrive there by now.n n The light is on.The teacher should be at work.n n (4)虚拟语气2727n n12.would 12.would n n (1)(1)委婉委婉n n What would you like to have?What would you like

36、 to have?n n Im sure he wouldnt mind your going.Im sure he wouldnt mind your going.n n Wouldnt it be better to leave tomorrow?Wouldnt it be better to leave tomorrow?n n (2)(2)意愿意愿n n She would never agree to do that.She would never agree to do that.n n I would(do it)if they would let me.I would(do i

37、t)if they would let me.2828n n(3)frequent action in the past(3)frequent action in the pastn n Every evening he would teach us something we Every evening he would teach us something we were interested in.were interested in.n nHe would sit there to read a novel in the He would sit there to read a nove

38、l in the afternoon.afternoon.n n (4)(4)揣测，大概揣测，大概n n That would be his mother.That would be his mother.n n He would be at home at that time.He would be at home at that time.n n (5)(5)虚拟语气虚拟语气 略略2929n n13.some verb forms after modal V13.some verb forms after modal Vn n (1)modal V+(1)modal V+完成时完成时n n

39、 They shouldnt have left so soon.They shouldnt have left so soon.n n There is no reason why he should have refused.There is no reason why he should have refused.n n Im surprised that he should have been so Im surprised that he should have been so foolish.foolish.n n They must have arrived by now The

40、y must have arrived by nown n You neednt have told them that.You neednt have told them that.3030n nWhere can he have gone?Where can he have gone?n n Nobody could have foreseen all this.Nobody could have foreseen all this.n n How could he have forgotten such an important How could he have forgotten s

41、uch an important thing?thing?n n You may have read about it in the papers.You may have read about it in the papers.n n She may(must)have gone to the clinic.She may(must)have gone to the clinic.n n -we ought to have given you more help.-we ought to have given you more help.n n -you oughtnt to have do

42、ne that.-you oughtnt to have done that.3131n n(2)modal V+be doing(2)modal V+be doing表示表示“应当正在应当正在”“”“想必正在想必正在”n n Why should we be sitting here doing nothing?Why should we be sitting here doing nothing?n n You should be wearing a mask.You should be wearing a mask.n n She might still be thinking abou

43、t the questions She might still be thinking about the questions you put forward.you put forward.n n This isnt what I ought to be doing.This isnt what I ought to be doing.n n He cant be swimming all day.He cant be swimming all day.3232n nThey must be waiting for us.Lets hurry up.They must be waiting

44、for us.Lets hurry up.n nYou neednt be standing here in the rain.We You neednt be standing here in the rain.We might take shelter in the hut over there.might take shelter in the hut over there.n nNote:modal V+be doing Note:modal V+be doing 将来，即将将来，即将n n I must be going now.I must be going now.n n She

45、 may be leaving tomorrow She may be leaving tomorrown n I might(may)be going back in the fall.I might(may)be going back in the fall.3333n n(3)model V+(3)model V+完成进行时完成进行时 应当应当/想必一直在想必一直在n n They are sweating all over.They must have They are sweating all over.They must have been working in the field

46、s.been working in the fields.n n They may have been discussing the problem They may have been discussing the problem this morning.this morning.n n You should have been waiting for us.Why You should have been waiting for us.Why havent you?havent you?n nHe can have been waiting for us all the time.He can have been waiting for us all the time.n nHad better,had best,be able to(Had better,had best,be able to(略略)3434