2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案解析.pdf

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1、.20162016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语英语(一一)试题试题Section 1Section 1Use of EnglishUse of EnglishDirectious:Directious:Read the following TextText.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia,the choice of a souse is a complex one for th

2、e young male.It mayinvolve not only his parents and his friends,1 those of the young woman,but also amatchmaker.A young man 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3the marriage negotiations,or the young mans parents may make the choice of aspouse,giving the child little to say in t

3、he selection.4,a girl may veto the spouse herparents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the otherto make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair.Formerly it lasted threedays,7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted

4、 a day and a half.Buddhist priests offera short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing.Parts of the ceremony involve ritual haircutting,9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the brides and grooms wrists,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the11.Newlywed

5、s traditionally move in with the wifes parents and may 12 with themup to a year,13 they can bulid a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14,but not common.Divorces persons are 15 withsome disapproval.Easch spouse retains 16 property he or she Divorced persons may.1.Aby way ofBwith regard to

6、Con behalf ofDas well as2.Adecide onBprovide forCcompete withDadapt to3.AcloseB arrangeCrenewDpostpone4.AIn theoryB Above allCIn timeDFor example5.AUnlessB LestCAfterDAlthough.6.AintoB withinCfromDthrough7.AorBsinceCbutDso8.A testBcopyCreciteDcreate9.AfoldingBpilingCwrappingDtying10.ApassingBlightin

7、gChidingDserving11.AassociationBmeetingCcollectionDunion12.AdealBpartCgrowDlive13.AwhereasBuntilCforDif14.AavoidBfollowCchallengeDobtain15.AisolatedBpersuadedCviewedDexposed16.AwhereverBwhateverCwheneverDhowever17.AchangedBbroughtCshapedDpushed18.AinvestedBdividedCdonatedDwithdrawn19.AwarmsBclearsCs

8、howsDbreaks20.AwhileBso thatConceDin thatText1France，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion,has decided itsfashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.Itslawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime toemploy ult

9、ra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websitesthat“incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty shouldnot be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.Thats a start And the ban onultra-thin mo

10、dels seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves todeath as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibilityfor the signal it sends women,especially teenage girls,about the social tape-measurethey must use to determine their individual worth.The bans,if

11、 fully enforced,would suggest to women(and many men)that theyshould not let others be arbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly,they hint that.people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather thandieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measu

12、res,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change aculture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.Under the law,usinga fashion model that does not meet a govemment-defined index of body mass couldresult in a$85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it h

13、as an inherent problem in focusing on materialadornment and idealized body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a few othercountries,it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images thatrely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to Frances actions,Denmarks fashion

14、industry agreed last month onrules and sanctions regarding the age,health,and other characteristics of models.Thenewly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:”We aware of and takeresponsibility for the impact the ideals,especially on young people”.The chartersmain tool of enforcement

15、is(CFW),which is run by the Danish21.According to the first paragraph，what would happen in France?【A】Physical beauty would be redefined.【B】New runways would be constructed.【C】Wcbsites about dieting would thrive.【D】The fanshing industry would decline.22.The phrase“impinging on”(Line 2，Para.2)is close

16、st in meaning to【A】heightening the value of.【B】indicating the state of.【C】losing faith in.【D】doing harm to.23.Which of the following is true od the fashion industry?.【A】The French measures have already failed.【B】New standrds are being set in Denmark.【C】Models are no longer under peer pressure.【D】Its

17、 inberent problerma are getting wotse.Text 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country,InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate”thecountryside”alongside the royal family,Shakespeare and the National Health Serivce(NHS)at what makes them proudest of

18、 their country，this has limited politicalsupport.A century ago Octavia Hill Launched the national trust not to rescue stylishhouses but to save“the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”It wasspecifically to provide city dwellers with space for leisure where they couldexperience“a refreshing

19、 air.”Hill is pressure later led to creation of national parks andgreen belts.They dont make countryside any more，and every year concreteconsumes more of it.it needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.The conservatives planning re

20、form explicitly gives rural development priority overconservation，even authorsing“off-plan”building where local people might object.The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable.Labourlikewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development.Theliberal de

21、mocrats are silent.Only ukip,sensing its chance,has sided with thosepleading for a more considered approach to using green land.its Campaign to protectrural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses，factories and offices is where peopleare，in c

22、ities and towns where infrastructure is in place.The London agents stirlingackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area.alone，with no intrusion on green belt.what is true of London is even truer of theprovinces.The idea that”housing crisis”equals“concreted me

23、adows”is pure lobby talk.The issue is not the need for more houses but,as always，where to put them.Underlobby pressure，George Osboyne favours rural new-build against urban renovationand renewal.He favours out-of-town,shopping sites against high streets.this is not afree market but a biased one.Rural

24、 town and villages have grown and will26 Britain is public sentiment about the countrysideA has brought much benefit to the NHSB didnt start till the Shakespearean ageC is fully backed by the royal familyD is not well reflected in politics27 According to Paragraph 2，the achievements of the National

25、Trust are nowbeingA gradually destroyedB effectively reinforcedC properly protectedD largely overshadowed28 which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservationB the conservatives may abandon”off-plan“buildingC the liberal democrats are losi

26、ng political influenceD labour is under attack for opposing development29 the author holds that George Osborne is preferenceA reveals a strong prejudice against urban areasB shows his disregard for character of rural areasC stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisisD highlights his firm sta

27、nd against lobby pressure.30 in the last paragraph，the author shows his appreciation ofA the size of population in BritainB the enviable urban lifestyle in BritainC the town-and-country planning in BritainD the political life in today is BritainText 4There will eventurally come a day when The New Yo

28、rk Times ceases to publishstories on newsprint.Exactlly when that day will be is a matter of debate.”So metimein the future”,the papers publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,theres plenty ofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicaln

29、ewspaperprinting presses,delivery trucks-isnt just expensive;its excessive atatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdonthavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.Readers are migrating away from print away.And though print ad salesstill dwarf thire online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declin

30、ing.Over way be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate its print editionwould be a mistake,say BuzzFeed CEO Joah Peretti.Pereti says the Time shouldt waste time getting out of the print business,But only if they go about it the right w ay.”Fighting out of a way to acceleratethat transit

31、ion would make sense of them,”he said,“butif you discontinue it“youregoing to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes,thats worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the e xample seenas a blunder,”he said.“The move turned out to be foresighted.Ane if peretti would raleprices

32、 and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,andtheyd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believein,”Soifyoureoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,”Perettisaid“Then increase it at

33、a higher rate each year and essentially try togenerate additional revenue.”In other words,if youre going to make a print.product,make it for the people who are already obsessed with it.which way be whatthe time is doing already.Getting the print edition seven days a week costs eachayear-more than tw

34、ice as much as a digital-only subscription.36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due toAthe pressure from its investors.Bthe complaints from its readers.Cthe high cost of operation.Dthe increating online ad sales.37.Peretti suggests that,in face of the present situatio

35、n,the Times shouldAmake strategic adjustmentsBend the print sdition for good.Cseek new sources of readership.Daim for efficient management.38.It can be inferred form Paragraphs 5and6 that a“legacy product”Awill have the cost of printing reduced.Bis meant for the most loyal customers.Chelps restore t

36、he glory of former times.Dexpands the popularity of the paper.39.Peretti believes that,in a changing world,Atraditional luxuries can stay unaffected.Baggressiveness better meets challenges.Ccautiousness facilitates problem-solving.Dlegacy businesses are becoming outdated.40.which of the following wo

37、uld be the best title of the Text?AMake Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good.BKeep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion.CCherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand.DShift Online Newspapers All at Once.Part BDirections:.Read the following TextText and answer the questions by choosing the most suitablesubhe

38、ading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There aretwo extra subheadings.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 Points)No matter how formal or informa the work environment，the way you presentyourself has an impact.This is especially true in first impressions.According tor

39、esearch from Princeton University，people assess your competence，trustworthiness，and likeability in just a tenth of a second，solely based on the way you look.The difference between todays workplace and the“dress for succeas”era is thatthe range of options is so much broader.Norms have evolved and fra

40、gmentedIn some settings,red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status;in others not somuch.Plus,whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services likeLinkedIn.Chances are,your headshots are seen much more often now than a decadeor two ago.Millennials,it seems,face the paradox of bei

41、ng the least formal generationyet the most conscious of style and personal branding.It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in an upgrade?And whats the best way to pull off one that enhance our goals?Here are some tips;41about how others perceive you.Maybe theres

42、 no need for an upgrade andthats OK.42.Get clear on what impact youre hoping to have.Are you looking to refreshyour image or pivot it?For one person,the goal may be to be taken more seriouslyand enhance their professional image.For another,it may be to be perceived as moreapproachable,or more modern

43、 and stylish.For someone moving from finance toadvertising,maybe they want to look more“SoHo.”(Its OK to use characterizationslike that.)43.Look at your work environment like an anthropologist.What are the normsof your environment?What converys status?Who are your most important audiences?How do the

44、 people you respect and look up to present themselves?The better youunderstand the cultural conTextText,the more control you can have over your impact.44.Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and.conTextText.Hire a personal stylist,or use the free styling service of a st

45、ore like J.Crew.Try a hair stylist instead of a barber.Work with a professional photographer instead ofyour spouse or friend.Its not as expensive as you might think.Part CDirections:Read the following TextText carefully and then translate the undetlined segments intoChinese.Your translation should b

46、e written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Mental health is our birthright.(46)We dont have to learn how to be mentallyheally;it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut ormend a broken bone.Mental health cant be learned,only reawakened.It is like theimmune system

47、or the body,which under stress or through lack of nutrition orexercise can be weakened,but which never leaves us.When we dont understand thevalue of mental health and we dont know how to gain access to it,mental health willremain hidden from us.(47)Our mental health doesnt really go anywhere;like th

48、esun behind a cloud,it can be temporarily hidden from view,but it is fully capable ofbeing restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem-confidence in ourselves andan ability to trust in out common sense.It allows us to have perspective on our lives the ability to not ta

49、ke ourselves too seriously,to laugh at ourselves,to see the biggerpicture,and to see that things will woke out.Its a form of innate or unlearnedoptimism.(48)Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they arehaving troubles.With kindness if they ate in pain.and with unconditional love n

50、omatter who they are.Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems,resolving conflict,making our surroundings more beautiful.Managing our home life,or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier.Itgives us patience forAbout how others perceive you.M