大学英语期末试卷.pdf

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1、-XXXXXXXXXX 大学大学20202020学年度第学年度第 学期学期基础英语基础英语 1 1期末试卷期末试卷学院：学院：班级：班级：2020姓名：姓名：学号：学号：and Grammar(15 points,1 point for each)and Grammar(15 points,1 point for each)1.Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE A.Why dont you do it for the sake of your friends B.I wish I could write as w

2、ellas you.C.For all his efforts,he didnt get an A.D.Her eyes were redfromexcessive reading.2.Nancys gone to work but her cars still there.She _ by bus.A.must have gone B.should have gone C.ought to have gone D.could have装gone3.He feels that he is not yet _ to travel abroad.A.too strong B.enough stro

3、ng C.so strong D.strong enough-4.After_ seemed an endless wait,it was his turn to enter the personnel managersoffice.A.that B.it C.what D.there5.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT A.They each have two tickets.B.They cost twenty yuan each.C.Each they have bought the same book.D.They were g

4、iven two magazines each.6.A new laptop costs about _ of a second-hand one.A.the price of three times B.three times the price C.as much as the three times price D.three times more than the price7.I was very interested in _ she told me.A.all that B.all which C.all what D.that订8.It is going to be fine

5、tomorrow._.A.So is it.B.So it is.C.So it does.D.So does it.9.In How much do you think he earns how much is _ of the sentence.A.the subject B.the adverbial C.the object D.the complement10.The man preparing the documents is the firms lawyer has all the following possiblemeanings EXCEPT A.the man who h

6、as prepared the documents.B.the man who has been preparing thedocuments.C.the man who is preparing the documents.D.the man who will prepare thedocuments.11.It was inthat small room _ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.A.what B.in which C.which D.that12._ that the left side of the hu

7、man brain is responsible for logic.A.Its generally believed B.It is believed generally C.It generally is believed D.Generally it is believed13.Scientists didnt know much about lung cancer _.A.before long B.long before C.until recently D.in the past few years14.Nobody would believe his words though h

8、e said he was _ of the crime.A.pure B.clear C.innocent D.guilty15.The university has to _ the government for more money.A.call at B.call on C.appeal for D.appeal to.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases and expressions listed.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrase

9、s and expressions listedbelow.(15 points,1 point for each)below.(15 points,1 point for each)resort to cling to give rise to hear of think twice in the first placedawn on in case consist of regard as he same goes for refer to beexposed to keep to oneself burst into16.Peking University is _the most im

10、portant school of higher learning inChina.It _ some of the best faculties in our country.线17.It suddenly _ us that _ the whole polar ice cap should meltinto water,many of our coastal cities would disappear under the sea.18.Both sides are willing to sit down and talk because they know it is stupid _f

11、orce.19.It had suddenly started raining when he returned home,wet all over and tremblingwith his clothes _ his body.20.The heavy rains they had last summer _ serious flooding.21.I have never _a true scientist who is afraid of telling the people thetruth.thinks he should _ before we agree with the pl

12、an to build more water powerstation in that river.passion,language learning is a very difficult.In fact,we shouldnt have come tothis school _,if we were not interested in language.requires our education see to it that our students are well _foreign cultures.man needs a rest._economy.You cant expect

13、economy to keep on growing rapidlyforever.we _ as“The Palace Museum”today used to be the emperor s palace.It isalso known as the Forbidden City,and was first built in the Ming Dynasty.never felt at ease in front of strangers when I was a kid.So I usually_ myself.,the boss_ the room without knocking

14、at the door,wild with anger.III.Reading Comprehension(20 points,2 points for each)III.Reading Comprehension(20 points,2 points for each)Passage One As Artificial Intelligence(AI)becomes increasingly sophisticated,there aregrowing concerns that robots couldbecome a threat.This danger can be avoided,a

15、ccording to computer science professor Stuart Russell,if we figure out how to turnhuman values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks,its necessary totranslate our morals into AI language.For example,if a robot does chores around the house,you wouldn t

16、want it toput the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children.“You would wantthat robot preloaded with a good set of values,”said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values.For example,mobilerobots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans

17、.Obviously thereare cultural differences,but if you were talking to another person and they came upclose in your personalspace,you wouldnt think that s the kindof thing a properlybrought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines,if only we canfind a way to se

18、t out human values as clear rules.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines,if only we can finda way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data onhuman behavior.They are dangerous only if programmers are c

19、areless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beingsfail to so sufficient testing and theyve produced a system that will break some kindof taboo（禁忌）.One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of actionwith a human when presented with a

20、n unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave,it hasthe opportunity to stop,send out beeps（嘟嘟声）,and ask for directions from a human.If we humans arent quite sure about a decision,we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values wi

21、ll be deciding exactly what webelieve in moral,and how to create a set of ethical rules.But if we come up with ananswer,robots could be good for humanity.29.What does the author say about the threat of robots may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.accompanies all machinery involving high

22、 technology.can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.30.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to theauthor are aggressive.are outgoing.are ignorant.are ill-bred.do robots

23、learn human valuesA.By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B.By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C.By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D.By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.will a well-programmed robot do when fac

24、ing an unusual situationA.keep a distance from possible dangers.B.Stop to seek advice from a human being.C.Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.D.Do sufficient testing before taking action.is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable codeA.Determine what is moral and et

25、hical.B.Design some large-scale experiments.C.Set rules for man-machine interaction.D.Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage Two Why do some people live to be older than others You know the standard explanations：keeping a moderate diet,engaging in regular exercise,etc.But what effect does your

26、personality have on your longevity（长寿）Do some kinds of personalities lead to longerlives A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at thisquestion by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people whohad lived to be at least 100.The study shows that th

27、oseliving the longest are more outgoing,more active andless neurotic（神经质的）than other people.Long-living women are also more likelyto be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span.These findingsare in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory:those wholike

28、to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it throughtough times.Interestingly,however,othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer.Those who were more self-disciplined,for instance,were no more l

29、ikely to live to bevery old.Also,being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life,which mightexplain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subjectof a longstanding psychological debate.But the new

30、 paper suggests that if you wantlong life,you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately,another recent study shows that your mothers personality may alsohelp determine your longevity.That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothersand found that those moms who were more anxious,d

31、epressed and angry were more likelyto feed their kids unhealthy diets.Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to breakwhen were adults,which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isnt destiny（命运）,and everyone knows that individuals can learn tochange.But both studies

32、 show that long life isnt just a matter of your physical healthbut of your mental health.34.The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is_.A.to see whether peoples personality affects their life spanB.to find out if ones lifestyle has any effect on their healthC.to invest

33、igate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD.to examine all the factors contributing to longevity35.What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic peopleA.They have a good understanding of evolution.B.They are better at negotiating an agreement.C.They generally appear more resourcefu

34、l.D.They are more likely to get over hardship.36.What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectationA.Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B.Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C.Such personality characteristics as self-dis

35、cipline have no effect on longevity.D.Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.37.What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers showA.Childrens personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B.People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C.Mot

36、hers influence on children may last longer than fathers.D.Mothers negative personality characteristics may affect their children s lifespans.38.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studiesA.Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short ones life span.B.Longevity results from a c

37、ombination of mental and physical health.C.Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D.Health is in large part related to ones lifestyle.VI.Translate the following sentences(30 points,3 points for each)VI.Translate the following sentences(30 points,3 points for each)Into English:Into E

38、nglish:39.因为没有更好的词，我们姑且称之为“走后门主义”吧。40.你最好带一件厚一点的外衣，以防天气突然变冷。41.成功不仅取决于你做什么，也取决于你不做什么。42.有意思的是，并不是所有人都已认识到，假如我们不提高我们的教育水平，我们将永远落后于其他国家。43.我们的政府发言人对最近被海盗劫持的两位中国工程师深表关切。Into Chinese:Into Chinese:44.Strong as we might be some day,we must never become arrogant.We should continueto pursue the policy of pe

39、aceful co-existence among nations.45.I am really shocked to hear people say they do not consider cheating at exams shameful.Isnt that the most shameful thing that we have been incapable of feeling ashamed46.It is pointless to force professors to publish a fixed number of papers annuallyregardless of

40、 their quality.Besides,this is a demand even Einstein would not havebeen able to meet.47.That this time they must be ready to challenge death was clear to everybody.Butno one regretted this move.48.There arent many people who still cling to the idea that man should conquer naturerather than live in

41、harmony with it.V.Writing(20 points)V.Writing(20 points)Write on ANSWER SHEET a composition of about 150 words on the following topic.Write on ANSWER SHEET a composition of about 150 words on the following topic.Detailed descriptions of crimes are often given in the newspaper or on theTV.Some people think it has bad consequences on the society and so shouldbe restricted.To what extent do you agree or disagree Why