2020届徐州市三十四中学高三英语下学期期末考试试卷及答案解析.pdf

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1、20202020 届徐州市三十四中学高三英语下学期期末考试试卷及答案解析届徐州市三十四中学高三英语下学期期末考试试卷及答案解析第一部分第一部分阅读（共两节，满分阅读（共两节，满分4 40 0 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 1515 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 2 分，满分分，满分 3030 分）分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项A AA Lifelong Devotion to Keeping People FedYuan Longping is a Chinese agricultural scientist and educator,known for

2、developing the hybrid rice varieties.Yuan graduated from the Southwest Agriculture Institute in 1953 andbegan his teaching career at anagriculture school.In the 1960s,when a serious food shortage sweptChina,Yuan decided to devote himself to studying how toincrease the yields of rice.He then began a

3、lifelong connection with rice.Yuan succeeded in growing the worlds first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 1973,which could reach ayield of over 500 kg per mu(about 0.067 hectares),rising from the previous yield of only 300 kg per mu.For thenext four decades,he continued to work on research and

4、 development of hybrid rice,achieving increasinglyhigher outputs.In 2020,hybrid rice developed by Yuans team achieved 1,500 kilograms per mu in two growingseasons,a new world record.InChina,where rice is the main food for the majority of the 1.4 billion people,the planting area of hybrid ricehas rea

5、ched 16 million hectares,or 57%of the total planting area of rice,helping feed an extra 80 million peoplea year.Hybridricehasalsobeengrowninover40countries,includingtheU.S.,Brazil,India,Vietnam,thePhilippinesandMadagascar.The total planting area of the hybrid rice has reached 8 million hectares over

6、seas.Even after a great success,Yuan never held himself back from making new breakthroughs.In 2017,his teamstarted to grow seawater rice inQingdao.The rice was designed to grow in saline-alkaline land and survive evenafter being completely in seawater.His team planned to develop a type of seawater r

7、ice that could be planted in6.67 million hectares of saline-alkaline land acrossChinato boost the countrys rice harvest by about 20%.In 2018,Yuans team was invited to plant the saline-alkaline tolerant rice in experimental fields inDubai,which achievedhuge success.In June 2020,his team started to gr

8、ow seawater rice on a farm at an altitude of 2,800 meters innorthwestChinasQinghaiProvince.The experiment succeeded.Yuan had two dreams to“enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men”and that hybrid rice couldbe grown all over the world to help solve the global food shortage.1.What made Yuan

9、 Longping decide to study rice?A.A serious food shortage.B.Agriculture development.C.His interest in the rice experiment.D.His wish to plant the tallest rice in the world.2.From the passage,we know that Yuan Longping _.A.developed a variety of hybrid riceB.worked as a scientist after graduationC.sta

10、rted to grow seawater rice inDubaiin 2017D.grew the first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 19533.We can infer from the passage that Yuan Longpings most outstanding qualities are_.A.modest and outgoingB.honest and creativeC.generous and optimisticD.responsible and devotedBWhen you walk on a san

11、dy beach,it takes more energy than striding down a sidewalk because the weightof your body pushes into the sand.Turns out,the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads.The weight ofthe vehicles creates a very shallow indentation(凹陷)in the pavement(路面)and it makes it such that itscontinuously

12、driving up a very shallow hill.Jeremy Gregory,a sustainability scientist at M.I.T.and histeam modeled how much energy could be saved and green-house gases avoided by simply stiffening(硬化)the nations roads and highways.And they foundthat stiffening 10 percent of the nations roads every year could pre

13、vent 440 megatons of carbon dioxideequivalent emissions over the next five decades enough to offset half a percent of projected transportationsector emissions over that time period.To put those emissions savings into context that amount is equivalent tohow much CO2 youd spare the planet by keeping a

14、 billion barrels of oil in the ground or by growing sevenbillion trees for a decade.The results are in the Transportation Research Record.As for how to stiffen roads?Gregory says you could mix small amounts of synthetic fibers orcarbonnanotubes into paving materials.Or you could pave with cement-bas

15、ed concrete,which is stiffer than asphalt(沥青).This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual hurdles.Usually,whenit comes to reducing emissions in the transportation sector,youre talking about changing policies related tovehicles and also driver behavior,which in

16、volves millions and millions of people as opposed to changing theway we design and maintain our pavements.Thats just on the order of thousands of people who are working intransportation agencies.And when it comes to retrofitting(翻新)our streets and highways those agencies arewhere the rubber meets th

17、e road.4.Why does the author mention“walk on a sandy beach”in paragraph 1?A.To present a fact.B.To make a contrast.C.To explain a rule.D.To share an experience.5.What suggestion does the author give to reduce CO2 emissions?A.Hardening the road.B.Keeping oil in the ground.C.Growing trees for decades.

18、D.Improving the transportation.6.What is the advantage of this suggestion?A.Gaining more support.B.Consuming less money.C.Involving more people.D.Facing fewer usual obstacles.7.What does the underlined part mean in the last paragraph?A.Those agencies are likely to make more rules.B.Those agencies wi

19、ll change some related policies.C.Those agenciesmight put more rubber tires on the roads.D.Those agencies will play a key role in making this happen.CDoctors are known to be terrible pilots.They dont listen because they already know it all,I was lucky:Ibecame a pilot in 1970,almost ten years before

20、I graduated from medical school.I didnt realize then,butbecoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying.As 1 flew bigger,faster planes,and in worse weather,Ilearned about crew resource management(机组资源管理),or CRM,a new idea to make flying safer.It means thatcrew members should listen and spe

21、ak up for a good result,regardless of positions.I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that,an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather.Thecontroller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flying;I was safety pilot.He wasso busy because of the bad turn

22、,he had forgotten to put the landing gear(起落架)down.He was a betterpilotand my bossso it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to:Our lives were in danger.I put aside myuneasiness sand said,we need to put the landing gear down now!That was my first real lesson in the power ofCRM,and Ive used it in the o

23、perating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions arefrom the opposite,the doctor doesnt overreact,which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when Im in the operating room,I ask for ideas and help f

24、rom others.Sometimes theyre not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them,someday someone will keep me from landing gear up.8.What does the author say about doctors in general?A.They like flying by themselves.B.They are quick learners of CRM.C.They pretend to be good pilots

25、.D.They are unwilling to take advice.9.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when.A.his boss landed the plane too lateB.he was in charge of a flying taskC.he saved the plane by speaking upD.his boss operated on a patient10.In the last paragraph landing gear up probably means.A.fo

26、llowing flying requirementsB.making a mistake that may cost livesC.listening to what fellow doctors sayD.overreacting to different opinions11.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying SafeB.A Pilot-Turned DoctorC.The Making of a Good PilotD.Flying Makes

27、 Me a Better DoctorDSix Neanderthals who lived in what is now France were eaten by their fellow Neanderthals some 100,000years ago,according to fearful evidence of the cannibalistic(食人的)event discovered by scientists in a cave in the1990s.Now,researchersmay have figured out why the Neanderthals,incl

28、uding two children,became victims ofcannibalism:Global warming.While previous studies have examined Neanderthal remains to find proof of cannibalistic behavior,this is thefirst study to offer clues as to what may have led Neanderthals to become cannibals.Scientists found that rapidchanges in local e

29、cosystems as the planet warmed may have wiped out the animal species that Neanderthals ate,forcing them to look elsewhere to fill their stomachs.The researchers examined a layer of sediment(沉积物)in a cave known as Baume Moula-Guercy,insoutheastern France.In that layer,charcoal(碳)and animal bones were

30、 so well-preserved that scientists couldreconstruct an environmental picture representing 120,000 to 130,000 years ago.They discovered that the climatein the area was likely even warmer than it is today,and that the change from a cold,dry climate to a warmer onehappened quickly.“Maybe within a few g

31、enerations”,study co-author Emmanuel said.As the animals that oncepopulated the landscape disappeared,some Neanderthals ate what they could find their neighbors.Cannibalism is by no means unique to Neanderthals,and has been practiced by humans and their s“from theearly Palaeolithic to theBronze Age

32、and beyond,”the study authors reported.The behavior adopted by thestarving Neanderthals in the Baume Moula-Guercy should therefore not be viewed as“a mark of bestiality(兽性)or sub-humanity”,but as an emergency adaptation to a period of severe environmental stress,according to thestudy.12.What does th

33、e study mainly focus on?A.The social behavior of Neanderthals.B.The reason for cannibalism among Neanderthals.C.The climate change in southeasternFrance.D.The influence of global warming on ancient animals.13.What can possibly be used to describe the climate in southeasternFrance120,000 to 130,000 y

34、ears ago?A.It was no warmer than it is today.B.It was first warm while later cold and dry.C.Its change was mild and went through quite a long process.D.Its change is a chief factor contributing to cannibalism.14.Which of the following might the study authors agree with?A.Neanderthals cannibalism sho

35、wed their bestiality.B.Cannibalism was actually a measure the Neanderthals had to adopt to survive.C.Neanderthals cannibalism guaranteed their rule over other tribes.D.Only Neanderthals were found to have cannibalism in human history.15.Where can you most possibly find this passage?A.In a science jo

36、urnal.B.In a travel brochure.C.In a history book.D.In a geography book.第二节（共第二节（共 5 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 2 分，满分分，满分 1 10 0 分）分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项The World Water Day has been celebrated annually on 22 March since1992.Each year has a different theme,looking at things like the role o

37、f clean water in the world of work,ways to stop wasting water,findingways tosupply water to underprivileged groups and so on._16_But it is also vital for sanitation(卫生).It is estimated that more than 700 children under the age ofseven die every day from illnesses linked to unsafe water and poor sani

38、tation.The right to water and sanitationwas recognized as a human right._17_These include rural communities,people who have been displaced dueto war and local conflicts and areas where climate change is making water more and more scarcer.Apart from the obvious health issues,a lack of accessible clea

39、n water means that people often women andchildren spend hours every day walking to and from distant water supplies.This means they dont have time todedicate to work,studies and other domestic duties._18_And people who are not able to walk to get theirown water are particularly vulnerable.There are m

40、any charities working on creating sustainable supplies of clean water for different communitiesaround the world._19_But the fundamental problem of increasing demand for a limited resource can only beaddressed by more efficient use of water,especially in industry and agriculture.Waste-water recycling

41、,capturingrainwater,more efficient irrigation techniques and reforestation are all examples of how water can be used moreefficiently._20_We should support charities,raise awareness,take part in the World Water Day events that arehappening all around the world and,of course,be careful with how we use

42、 water in our own lives.Visit the UNWorld Water Day website to find out about an event near us.Follow world water day on social media and helpspread the word about this incredibly important issue.A.Clean drinking water is fundamental.B.As individuals,what can we do to help the issue?C.The search for

43、 water becomes their main occupation.D.This important work needs to continue and to expand.E.Every living cell in the body needs water to keep functioning.F.In normal conditions,the human body can only survive three or four days without water.G.However,there are still at least 2.1 billion people aro

44、und the world living without safe water.第二部分第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分语言运用（共两节，满分4545 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 2020 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.51.5 分，满分分，满分 3030 分）分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项I was walking home from school one day and it happened to be a particularly cold and windy day.Itwas_21_and I was crazy enough

45、to forget my hats and scarf.You can imagine my cheeks wererosy_22_and my hands were as numb as they can be.All of a sudden,an old lady_23_up beside me and asked if I would like a ride_24_.I said it wasOK and her_25_smile melted(融化)away the thought that I should never talk to_26_!We had anamazing cha

46、t and she was just_27_a good woman.She told me her_28_and she dropped me off.I didnt see her or talk to her for about a month and one night as I_29_herkind gesture,I decided toreturn the favor.So,I made a lot of_30_and walked down to her house with my friend.At first I was abit_31_she wouldnt rememb

47、er me or think that I was a bad man who poisoned cookies but luckily,Iwas_32_wrong.Shewassohappy,andshehuggedmeandkissedmeandseemedso_33_that someone would do something like that!When I got home my mom told me that she_34_and told my mom on the phone thatshe_35_because she was so touched.She said sh

48、e would never_36_the kindness that wasgiventoher!Thatfilledmewithsuch_37_!Therereallyisnothingelsejoyfullikehelping_38_and making someones day_39_!Let us never_40_the joy we get by giving others a hand!21.A.blowingB.freezingC.flowingD.flying22.A.redB.pureC.whiteD.pale23.A.pickedB.turnedC.droveD.took

49、24.A.hospitalB.familyC.schoolD.home25.A.warmB.easyC.simpleD.strange26.A.womenB.driversC.strangersD.neighbors27.A.soB.suchC.thatD.as28.A.numbersB.carC.familyD.address29.A.rememberedB.forgotC.repeatedD.regretted30.A.breadB.saladC.cookiesD.sweets31.A.upsetB.disappointedC.confusedD.worried32.A.generally

50、B.completelyC.hardlyD.usually33.A.puzzledB.surprisedC.satisfiedD.fearful34.A.visitedB.cameC.droveD.called35.A.criedB.sleptC.leftD.laughed36.A.permitB.pardonC.forgetD.imagine37.A.sadnessB.interestC.puzzleD.happiness38.A.othersB.the otherC.anotherD.other39.A.busierB.brighterC.easierD.harder40.A.expect