2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题.docx

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1、2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (lO points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, wnters, a

2、nd act1v1sts once agam 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 : A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the fu

3、ture will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at lea

4、st a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction9 poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness o

5、f a jobless future.But it doesnt 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 stri

6、kingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential, says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time

7、 is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17of their jobs. When I come home from a hard days work, I often feel18, Danaher says, adding, In a world in which I dont have to work, I might feel rather different perhaps different enou

8、gh to throw himself19a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for20matters.- 13 -1. A boastingB denying2. A inequalityB instabilityC unreliabilityD uncertainty3. A policyC resolutionD prediction4. A characterized B dividedC balancedD measured5. A wisdomC gloryD freedom6. A In

9、steadB IndeedC ThusD Nevertheless7. A richB urbanD educated8. A explanationB requirementC compensationD substitute9. A under10. A leave behindC alongsideD set aside11. A statisticallyB occasionally C necessarilyD economically12. A chancesB downsidesC benefits13. A absenceC faceD course14. A disturbB

10、 restoreC excludeD yield15. A modelB practiceC virtueB lengthyC mysteriousD scarce17. A demandsB standardsC qualitiesD threats18. A ignoredB tiredC confusedD starved19. A offB againstC behindD into20. A technological B professional C educationalD interpersonalSection IIReading ComprehensionPart A Di

11、rections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a doze

12、n friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeleys world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where Londons Olympi

13、c legacy is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to lever a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produ

14、ce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012 - but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least tw

15、o hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to inspire a generation. The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos we

16、lcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sport and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over takin

17、g part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally grassroots concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common good

18、s making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on spo

19、rt in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.A gained great popularity21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has.B created many jobsC strengthened community tiesD become an offic

20、ial festival22. The author believes that Londons Olympic legacy has failed to.A boost population growthB promote sport participationC improve the citys imageD increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it.A aims at discovering talentsB focuses on mass competit

21、ionC does not emphasize elitismD does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should.A organize grassroots sports eventsB supervise local sports associationsC increase funds for sports clubsD invest in public sports facilities25. The authors attitude

22、 to what UK governments have done for sports is.A tolerantB criticalC uncertamText2With so much focus on childrens use of screens, its easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. Tech is designed to really suck you in, says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, and digital products

23、are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during

24、the exercise started 20 per cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for th

25、eir attention.Infants are wired to look at parents faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive - as they often are when absorbed in a device it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the still face experiment devised by developmental

26、psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mothers attention. Parents dont have to

27、 be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a childs verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need, says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids use of screens are born out

28、 of an oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting with their children: Its based on a somewhat fantasised, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if youre failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them. Tronick believes that just

29、because a child isnt learning from the screen doesnt mean theres no value to it particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the wa

30、y. This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed toA simplify routine mattersB absorb user attentionC better interpersonal relationsD increase work efficiency27. Radeskys food-testi

31、ng exercise shows that mothersuse of devicesA takes away babiesappetiteB distracts childrens attentionC slows down babies verbal developmentD reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky cites the still face experiment to show that.A it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB verbal

32、expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC children are insensitive to changes in their parentsmoodD parents need to respond to childrens emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to.A protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB teach their kids at l

33、east 30,000 words a yearC ensure constant interaction with their childrenD remain concerned about kids use ofscreens30. According to Tronick, kids use ofscreens may.A give their parents some free timeB make their parents more creativeC help them with their homeworkD help them become more attentiveTe

34、xt3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems sil

35、ly to stay back a year, doesnt it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesnt feel natural to spend a year doing something that isnt academic.But while this may be true, its not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.Theres always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the soci

36、ally perpetuated race to the finish line, whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or a lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits - in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show

37、that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes all things that first-year stude

38、nts often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If youre not convinced of the inherent value in takin

39、g a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isnt surprising, considering the basic mandatory high sc

40、hool curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college. Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. Its not necessarily a bad thing, but dependin

41、g on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stre

42、ss and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that.A they think it academically misleadingB they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC it feels strange to do differently from othersD it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32. Studies fro

43、m the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps.A keep students from being unrealisticB lower risks in choosing careersC ease freshmens financial burdensD relieve freshmen of pressures33. The word acclimation (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to.A adaptationC motlvat10nD competition34. A gap

44、 year may save money for students by helping them.A avoid academic failuresB establish long-term goalsC switch to another collegeD decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would beA In Favor of the Gap YearB The ABCs of the Gap YearC The Gap Year Comes BackD The Gap Year: A

45、DilemmaText4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more

46、than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires - nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agencys other work - such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructur

47、e upkeep that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?Its already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, Wait aminute, is t