冬季安全生产专项方案.pdf

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1、冬季安全生产专项方案冬季安全生产专项方案广灵-浑源高速公路路基、桥隧工程冬季安全生产专项方案北京双环工程咨询有限责任公司广源高速第二总监办目录一(编制目的和选用范围(第 2 页)二(当地的气温特点及对策(第 2-3 页)三(冬施前应准备的工作(第 3-4 页)四(冬期施工主要技术措施(第 4-6 页)五(安全保障措施(第 7 页)六(质量保证措施(第 8 页)一、编制目的和选用范围近期，气温下降，低温、寒冷环境下进行施工，易发生各类安全事故。为加强冬季施工安全质量管理工作，全面贯彻落实安全质量有关要求，为有效防范各类安全事故的发生，全面确保安全生产目标的实现，针对冬季施工安全质量工作重点，结合

2、施工现场冬季施工的具体情况和工作重点，特编制冬季施工方案。本方案适用于广源高速公路路基桥涵工程第二总监办及所辖的四、五、六三个三个合同段。二、当地的气温特点及对策1、气温特点:广灵县属于大陆性半干旱季风气候区。全年平均气温 6.1?-6.8?，年极端最高气温 38.2?(7 月)，年极端最低气温-32.6?(1 月)。年降水量 270 毫米 880 毫米。一日最大降水量在 60.7 毫米(出现在 1958 年 8 月 13 日)，最长连续无降水日数 50天。最多风向为西北和西南风，常见大风以西风为主。无霜期在 121-153 天。从气温的年变化来看“一峰一谷”型，1 月份最低，7 月份最高，年

3、较差23.6?31.1?.冬季变化较大，夏季变化最小，春秋季介于二者之间。在气温的月季变化上，表现为冬季较稳定，春温高于秋温，月季变化以 2 月-3 月最大，月季间差 8.1?;7 月-8 月最小，仅 0.2?.在地区分布上，也是西部大与东部，平原大于山区。气温的日变化也是“一峰一谷”型，夜间变化稳定，白天变化剧烈。冬季最高气温出现在 11 时 15 时，最低气温出现在 7 时左右;夏季夜短昼长，冬季夜长昼短，春秋两季的变化介于两种情况之间。气温的日较差大，县城一带各月平均在9.8?16.7?，西部大的分部;最大出现在秋季，以 8 月份最大;最小出现在冬季，县城为 12 月份，西部为 1 月份

4、，东部为 2 月份。2.冬季的起止时间:当冬天到来时，如连续 5 天的日平均气温稳定在 5?以下，则此 5 天的第一天为进入冬施的初日;当天气转暖时，最后一个 5 天的日平均气温稳定在 5?以上，则此5 天的最后一天为冬施终日。根据广灵县岭西多年的气温统计，冬施一般为 11 月 15 日至次年的 3 月 15日。广灵县岭西地区冻土深度 150cm 左右，冬季施工工期为 4 个月，根据气温变化，大致可分为两个阶段:初冬和严冬阶段。3.低温施工阶段(初冬阶段):大气平均温度 0?左右。广灵县全年均约 60 天，占冬施工期的 56%，一般自 11月中旬开始至 12 月中旬，次年 2 月中旬至 3 月

5、中旬，这 60 天虽然已进入冬期施工，但日作业环境温度基本处于正温，工程施工基本按照常温施工即可。4.严冬施工阶段:指大气平均温度在-5?以下，广灵县全年为 50 天左右，占整个冬季施工的44%，一般自 12 月上旬至次年 2 月上旬，这 50 天内除有寒流外，一般日作业环境温度为-5?以上。三、冬施前应准备的工作1、人员组织1.1 冬季施前认真组织有关人员分析冬季施工作业计划，并组织编制冬季施工措施，所需材料在冬季施工前准备好。1.2 项目夜间均设专职的值班人员，保证昼夜有人值班并做好值班记录。1.3 应做好施工人员的冬季施培训工作，包括临时设施、临时用电、机械设备、安装等工作。2、物质准备

6、:2.1 落实热源和冬季施工材料，编制冬季施工设备和材料、劳动需用量计划，主要包括下列内容:A 设备:火炉和各种相应的配件，排管炉、势盐水箱B 燃料:煤、煤球等。C 保温及挡风材料:草帘、席、油毡苇箔、草绳、锯末等。D 化学附加剂:抗冻剂、早强剂、阻锈剂、减水剂及复合剂等。E 化盐、测温用具:化盐头温度计(-20?-100?)、最低温度计、测温箱、6 号比重计、电棒等。2.2 材料进场后设专人保管。四、冬期施工主要技术措施1、土方工程土在冬期，由于遭受冻结，变为坚硬，挖掘困难，施工费用比常温期高，所以土方工程的冬期施工，必须在经济及技术条件上认为合理时，方可进行。同时组织好施工管理，争取在短时

7、间内完成施工。适用范围:全路段土方工程1.1 待挖区域的防冻预制冬季施工的土方工程，要做好土的防冻工作，必须在入冬前做好防冻措施，可用挖掘机将表层土翻松整平，厚度宜为 80cm100cm，其宽度为开挖时冻结深度的两倍加基坑底边宽度之和。天气特别寒冷的时候，可增加表面覆盖，宜选用木屑、棉被等保温材料。1.2 开挖区域冻土层厚度为 0.25m 以内时，可用中等动力的普通挖掘机挖掘，基本无影响;当冻土层厚度不超过 0.41.2m 时可用油锤破碎;人工破碎普通常用的工具有镐、铁楔子挖冻土比用其他手工工具效果为好，效果较高。施工时一人掌楔子，当一个铁楔子打下去而冻土尚未脱离时，再把第二个铁楔子在旁边的裂

8、缝上加进去，直至冻土剥离为止。但要注意去掉楔头打出的飞刺，以免飞出伤人。掌铁楔的人与掌锤的人不能对着脸，必须互成 90 度。此方法耗费劳动量较大，是一种比较落后的方法，但在场地狭窄、不适宜用大型机械的地方，尚可使用，比使用镐来挖掘要省力得多。冻土的融解:当开挖面积较小，机械不易进入，且冻土较深时，可采用烘烤法化冻。根据当地能源情况，采用燃煤化冻。在冻土上铺 300 厚煤层，点燃后加铁板覆盖，让它不起火焰燃烧，两天时间可融化冻土 600m1000m。如冻土较深可采用分层铺煤烘烤或爆破的方法分层分段进行。但冬天风大，易引起火灾，需要专人值班，务使用火就有人，不能离岗。且现场要准备一些砂子或其他灭火

9、物品，以备不时之需。1.3 冻土破碎或融解后的开挖除常规开挖应注意以下几点:必须周密计划，组织强有力的施工力量，以便进行连续不断地施工，避免未冻的土冻结;各种管道、机械设备和油料等采取保温措施，防止冻结遭受破坏或变质;运输道路采取防滑措施，如撒上沙子或炉渣，必要时车辆装防滑链;土方开挖完毕，应立即施工上部结构，防止基础下的基土遭受冻结，如有间歇(1-2)天，应覆盖草袋、棉毡等保温;如间歇时间较长，应在地基上预留一层松散土层(20-30cm)不挖除，并用保温材料覆盖，待上部结构施工时，再清除到设计标高;基坑开挖如可能引起邻近建筑物或构筑物的地基或其他地下设施产生冻结破坏，应采取防冻措施。机械挖土

10、运输的道路必须采取防滑措施，雨、雪后，应及时清除掉路面上的积水或积雪;对于雨雪后易化地段，应及时地撒上炉渣或碎石屑，以确保机械运输安全，畅通无阻。土方已挖到设计标高时，应早安排垫层砼施工;如不能及时浇筑砼，应在基底上覆盖草包或松土(土层覆盖厚度宜为 200mm300mm)，以防地基冻坏。冬季开挖冻土时，应采取在基坡上覆盖草包等保温措施，以防止因相邻建筑物地基或其它地下设施基底受冻，而危及构筑物或其它地下设施的安全。基坑或基槽开挖完毕后，应经常检查土壁有无冻裂现象，必要时应支撑加固，以防因土壁循环冻融而造成土壁坍塌事故。1.4 冬季回填施工除常规回填要求外，在入冬以前，应储存砂砾石堆积一处进行严

11、密保温，待冬季需回填时，将内部砂砾石挖出回填。冬季挖土施工中，可将不冻的粉状土堆在一起加以覆盖，防护冻结，留作回填之用并可考虑将甲坑中所挖土方及时回填至乙坑中迅速夯实。室内人工夯填时，每层铺土厚度不得超过 20cm，夯实厚度为 10-15cm。填方前要清除基底冰雪、冻土层、垃圾、保温材料和杂物等，挖土冻块和淤泥，以保证正常施工。填土应连续进行，以防地基土或已填土受冻，大面积填方时，要组织平行流水作业，或采取有效的保温防冻措施。地下基础及构筑物施工完后，应及时回填，或做好土体保温，防止地基周边和基坑四周的土受冻。室内坑(槽)和地面以下以及填方边坡表层 1m 内的回填土料，不得采用冻土块，对一般室

12、外基坑(槽)部位的回填，冻土块含量不得超过总体积的 15%，且冻土块的粒径应小于 15cm，铺时应均匀分布。土方回填的压实系数符合设计要求，必须要求严格控制压实系数试验。白天回填完毕后如夜间不能继续回填，则应在表面覆虚土防冻，次日予以挖出。室外的基槽(坑)或管沟可采用含有冻土块的回填。但冻土块的粒径不得大于 15cm，含量不得超过 15%，且应均匀分布，但管沟底以上 50cm 范围内不得用含有冻土块的土回填。室内的基槽(坑)或管道沟不得采用含有冻土块的土回填。适当减少回填土方量。在冬期进行回填土时，可在保证基底土不遭受冻结的条件下，尽量少填一些，留待春暖时再继续回填;为确保冬季回填的质量，对一

13、些重大工程项目，必要时可用砂土进行回填;在冻胀土上的地梁、桩基的承台等，其下面有可能被冻土隆起的地方，要垫以炉渣、矿渣等松散材料。冬期回填土方应连续进行并逐层夯实。五、安全保障措施1、入冬前，各施工标段要组织现场人员进行冬施安全、消防教育。制订安全生产和防滑、防冻、防火、防爆的具体措施，教育职工注意施工岗位安全，严守各项规章制度。2、施工中应把“安全第一”放在首位。平时，所有工作人员必须注意防滑，防摔，穿暖衣服，带手套。不得在工作地点采用明火取暖及用大功率电炉，灯具取暖，施工中严格按施工方案进行，不得违章作业，技术管理人员做好安全交底。3、因冬季是失火等事件易发阶段，冬季施工领导小组必须提高对

14、消防的重视程序，制定较详细的消防管理细则。4、严格动火证的签发制度，用火操作必须经申请同意，并设专人看火，配合好消防器材和消防用水。5、施工现场必须按方案要去做好防冻保温工作，注意天气预报，注意大风天气及寒流袭击对安全生产带来的影响。6、现场保温材料一律采用阻燃草帘和聚苯保温板，设专人检查，消防场内易燃杂物，保证安全生产。7、各种化学外加剂及有毒物品，设专库存放，专人管理并建立严格的领取制度。8、各种架子上人马道应牢固可靠并定期检修，大风及雪后要认真清扫、检查及消除隐患。施工人员要做到遵章守纪，杜绝违章作业，违章指挥冒险作业。9、加强现场临时用电管理，严禁乱接线，加强平时的用电线路的检查、及时

15、维护。10、做好工程的越冬安全防护工作，防护用外架及安全网及时检查、及时维护。11、民工宿舍用电在冬期施工前接专用电暖器插座，不得使用功率超过 100w的灯泡，不得私拉乱接电线、插座，严禁使用床头灯，生活区不得随意改换保护装置，电气操作人员要认真执行规范，安全操作规程。六、质量保证措施1、冬季前对混凝土搅拌站进行全面交底，并在冬施期间，对搅拌站不定期进行冬季措施检查;2、各种冬季施工材料质量合格，并提前购置，存放在现场;3、混凝土浇筑前，清除模板和钢筋上的冰雪和污垢;4、测温及时准确，发现温度下降太快应进行覆盖机加大保温处理;5、对顶板边缘等易受冻的结构部位，应重点观察、测量、养护、多层覆盖，

16、防止混凝土过早降温冷却;6、进入冬季施工前，对测温保温人员应专门组织技术业务培训，然后方可进行上岗工作;及时记录天气预报，防止寒流突然袭击，提前做好防寒准备;7、8、如预报有暴风雪，应暂停施工;9、如有雪花进入模内及钢筋骨架间，应在天晴后用空压机将积雪清除模板;10、对正在养护的混凝土成品加强保温覆盖或室内增设炉子采暖。11、安排专人测量施工期间的室外气温，作业面气温、风力及混凝土的温度并做好记录。(英文版)Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party inpower for a long time and the

17、 rule of law conditions,the implementationof comprehensive strictly strategic plan,implementation in accordancewith the rules and discipline to manage the party,strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives.The two regulations supportingeach other,the adhere to a positive advocate,focusing

18、 onmorality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see,enough toget a high standard;around the party discipline,disciplinaryruler requirements,listed as negative list,focusing on vertical gauge,draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottomline.Here,the main from fo

19、ur square face two party rules ofinterpretation:the first part introduces two party Revised regulationsthe necessity and the revision process;the second part is theinterpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of lawsand regulations in the party;the third part introduces two party

20、regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several keyproblems;the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the tworegulations of the party.and revised thenecessity and revisedhistory of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the ChineseCommunist Party members and leading

21、cadres honest politics severalguidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulationsfocus.Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years,pooling thewisdom of the whole party,ideological consensus,draw historicalexperience,respect for the wisdom of our predecessors,which reflect

22、sthe unity of inheritance and innovation;follow the correct direction,grasp the limited goals,adhere to the partys leadership,to solve themasses of the people reflect a focus on the problem.The new revision ofthe and,reflects the partys 18 and the eighthsession of the third,the spirit of the fourth

23、plenary session,reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the GeneralSecretary Xi Jinping series of important speech,reflects the partyseighteen years comprehensive strictly practice.(a)revised tworegulations of the party need of in based on revised,the promulgation andimplementation of

24、 January 2010,to strengthen the construction of thecontingent of leading cadres play animportant role.But with the party to manage the party strictlyadministering the deepening,has not been able to fully meet the actualneeds.Content is too complicated,eight prohibition,52 are notallowed to hard to r

25、emember,and also difficult to put into practice;the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibitedprovisions excessive,no autonomy requirements;the third is bannedterms and discipline law,both with the party discipline,disciplinaryregulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws

26、and regulationsrepeat;the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent,not for theexisting problems,and is narrow,only needle of county-level leadingcadres above.is in 1997 based on revision,in December 2003 the promulgation andimplementation,to strengthen the construction of the party play veryimp

27、ortant role.Along with the development of the situation,which manyprovisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictlyadministering the practice needs.One is Ji law,more than half of theprovisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulationsRepetition;two is the politica

28、l discipline regulations is not prominent,not specific,for violation of the party constitution,damage theauthority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary andserious responsibility to pursue;third is the main discipline for theleading cadres,does not cover all Party members.Based on the a

29、bovesituation,need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations firstamendment.By revising,really put the authority of Party discipline,the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Partymembers and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses partyconsciousness.(I

30、I)two party regulations revision process the CentralCommittee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance totwo regulations revision.Xi Jinping,general books recorded in theFifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commissionfor Discipline Inspection,on the revised reg

31、ulations made clearinstructions.According to the central deployment,the CentralCommission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months beginstudy two regulations revision.The Standing Committee of the CentralCommission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised.Comrade WangQishan 14 times he

32、ld a special meeting to study two regulations revision,amendment clarifies the direction,major issues of principle,path andtarget,respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province(area)secretary of the Party committee,Secretary of the Discipline InspectionCommission,part of the central m

33、inistries and state organs DepartmentThe first party committee is mainly responsible for people,views ofexperts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Partymembers.Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party ofChina,on 7 September 2015,the general office of the Central Comm

34、itteeof the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces(autonomousregions,municipalities)Party,the central ministries and commissions,state ministries and commissions of the Party(party),the GeneralPolitical Department of the military,every 3 people organization ofParty of two regulations revisio

35、n opinion.Central Commission forDiscipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions,carefulstudy,attracting,formed a revised sent reviewers.In October 8 andOctober 12,Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee andthe Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of

36、 thetwo regulations revised draft.On October 18,the Central Committee ofthe Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations.Can say,two laws amendment concentrated thewisdom of the whole party,embodies the party.Second,and revision of the basic principles of two partyregulations revision wo

37、rk and implement the partys eighteen,ten eightplenary,the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the EleventhCentral Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping importantinstructions on the revised and,highlighting the ruling party characteristics,seriousdiscipline,the discipline quite in front of t

38、he law,based on thecurrent,a long-term,advance as a whole,with Bu Xiuding independent and.Main principle is:first,adhere to the partyconstitution to follow.The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific,awaken the party constitution of partycompasses party consciousness,main

39、taining the authority of theconstitution.General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules,no side round.Party constitution is the fundamental law,the party mustfollow the general rules.In early 2015 held the eighth session of theCentral Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Sessio

40、n ofthe 16th Central Committee,Xi Jinping again pointed out thatconstitution is the party must follow the general rules,but also thegeneral rules.the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulationsestablished for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere tothe party constitutio

41、n as a fundamental to follow,the constitutionauthority set up,wake up the party constitution and party rules thesense of discipline,the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements.4 second is to adhere to in accordancewith the regulations governing the party and the

42、 party.The Party ofrule of virtue de,mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs,excellent traditional style.The revised the closely linked tothe self-discipline,insisting on the positive initiative,for allmembers,highlight the vital few,emphasized self-discipline,focusingon the morality,and the

43、majority of Party members and the ideologicaland moral standards.The revised Ji method separately,Ji,Ji Yan toMethod,as a negative list,emphasizing the heteronomy,focusing onvertical gauge.Is this one high and one low,a positive reaction,thestrict party discipline and practice results transformation

44、 for theintegration of the whole party to observe moral and disciplinerequirements,for the majority of Party members and cadres providesbenchmarking and ruler.Third,insist on to.In view of the problemsexisting in theparty at the present stage,the main problems of Party members andcadres in the aspec

45、t of self-discipline and abide by the discipline tomake clearly defined,especially the partys eighteen years strictpolitical discipline and political rules,organization and disciplineand to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against thefour winds and other requirements into Discipl

46、inary provisions.Not onepace reachs the designated position,focusing on in line with reality,pragmatic and effective.After the revision of major changes,majorchanges in the and modified and needs to grasp severalkey problems(a)adhere to according to regulationsgoverning the party and party with mora

47、ls in combination,for at thepresent stage,the leadership of the party members and cadres and Partymembers in existing main problems of self-discipline,put forwardprinciples,requirements and specifications,showing Communists noblemoral pursuit,reflected at all times and in all over the world ethicsfr

48、om high from low 5 common requirements.One is closely linked to theself-discipline,removal and no direct relation to the provisions of.the second is adhere to a positive advocate,eight prohibition 52 arenot allowed to about the content of the negative list moved intosynchronizationamendment.Three is

49、 for all the party members,will applyobject from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand toall Party members,fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required.The fourth is prominent key minority,seize the leadership of the partymembers and cadres is the key,and put forward higher

50、requirements thanthe ordinary Party members.Five is to simplify,and strive to achieveconcise,easy to understand,easy to remember.The revised isthe ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAllParty members and the self-discipline norms,moral declaration issued toall members of t