初中定语从句讲解练习及答案.pdf

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1、.一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词名词或代词代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用 的的表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及 介词短语 也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1)The man who lives next to uswho lives next to

2、 us is a policeman.2)You must do everything that I dothat I do.上面两句中的 man 和 everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词关系代词 that,which,who(宾格 who,所有格 whose)和关系副词关系副词 where,when、why关系词常有三个作用关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are

3、playing footballwho are playing football are from Class One.-优选.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his waywho lost his way.2.whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about(whom)you talked about.注意：关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替，可省略。(3)The man who/whom you met just nowwho

4、/whom you met just now is my friend.3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boyswhich is liked by most boys.(which 在句子中做主语)(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday(which)he bought yesterday.(which 在句子中做宾语)4.that 指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于 which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语

5、，做宾语时可省略。(5)The people that/who e to visit the citythat/who e to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主语)(6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morningthat/whom I saw this morning(在句子中做宾语)5.whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctorwhose father is a doctor.(2)I lived in a ho

6、use whose roof has fallen inwhose roof has fallen in.-优选.whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is brokenwhose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is brokenthe door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellowwhose c

7、olor is yellow=Do you like the book the color of which is yellowthe color of which is yellow注：注：thatthat 用法用法(1)(1)不用不用 thatthat 的情况的情况(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)The tree,that is four hundred years old,Is very famous here.(b)介词后不能用。We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/

8、which we get our food from.(2)(2)只能用只能用 thatthat 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(a)在 there be句型中，只用 that，不用 which。(b)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,the one,all等作先行词时，只用-that，不用 which。优选.(c)先行词有 the only,the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用 that。(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用 which。.(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。(f)先行词指物

9、，在主句中作表语时(g)为了避免重复(h)先行词是 the way 或 the reason 时，that 可作关系副词，也可省略(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which 时举例：Is this the book that you borrowed in the library这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？Who that break the window should be punished谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,the thief handed everything that h

10、e had stolen to the police.-优选.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。三、关系副词引导定语从句三、关系副词引导定语从句关系副词关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=for whichwhere=in/at/on/.which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/.which(介词同先行词搭配)1.wherewhere 指地点指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。(1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten y ea

11、rs ago has been pulled down.2.whenwhen 引导定语从句表示时间时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally came.注表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用 when 引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用-that 引导。优选.By the time you arrived in London,we had stayed there for two weeks.

12、到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。I still remember the first time I met her.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。Each time he goes to business trip,he brings a lot of living necessities,such as towels,soap,toothbrush etc。每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。3.whywhy 指原因指原因在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(

13、2)I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2）that 前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或

14、原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词 when,where 和 why 互换。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.-优选.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our clubDo you remember the day when you joined our clubThis is the reason why he came late.This is the reason for w

15、hich he came late.练习练习(一一)请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.Check the ways you study for an English test.2.Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.3.You couldnt understand people who talked fast.4.I have some ideas that may help.5.They said something you didnt like.6.Can you think of

16、 any problems you have had recently8.He would always take pride in everything good I do.-优选.9.My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.10.What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey12.If you know anyone else who collects them,please tell me.13.Standing very close to

17、the person you are talking with is quite mon in some countries.14.If you know someone you know doing this,you can ask them.15.All I ever wanted to do was traveling.二、用关系代词填空：thatthat、whichwhich、whowho、whomwhom、whosewhose1.This is the man _ wants to see you.2.The student _ answered the question is Zh

18、ang Hua.3.The man _ you went to see has e.4.The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5.The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher.6.The runner _ you are asking about is over there.7.The person _ you should write to is Mr.Ball.8.The man _was passing by saw what happened.-优选.9.Here is the pen _ y

19、ou lost the day before yesterday.10.These books _ you lent me were very useful.11.The storybook _ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12.A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.13.This is shirt _I bought yesterday.14.A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.15.The book _ i

20、s on the table is mine.16.The film _ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never forget the people and the places _I have ever visited.18.Is there anyone _ family is in Beijing19.Show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer.20.The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English.三、单项选择三

21、、单项选择()1.Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ es from Beijing.A.who()2.Whats the name of the program_.-B.whichC.whom优选D.whose.A.which are listeningB.you are listening to C.to that you are listeningD.that you are listening()3.The students were all interested _ you told them yesterday.A.in whichB.

22、in that thisC.all thatD.in everything()4.He was the only person in his office_ was invited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which()5.This is the museum_ we visited last year.A.whereB.in whichC.whichD.in that()6.Charlie told his mother all_ had happened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()7.Do you know the student_A.whom

23、I often talkB.with who I often talkC.I often talk withD.that I often talk()8.I like the house_ windows face south.A.whoseB.whosC.itsD.its()9.Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _ A.what I needB.I needC.which I need itD.that I need it()10.The young woman_ I spoke just now is a young doctor.

24、A.whoB.to whomC.whomD.that定语从句专项练习题定语从句专项练习题（二）（二）1.Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure.A.whichB.whatC.as2.Is this the factory _ you visited the other dayA.thatB.whereC.In whichD.the one3.Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday A.thatB.whereC.whichD.the one4.Is this

25、the factory _ he worked ten years agoA.thatB.whereC.whichD.the one-优选D.those.5.The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found.A.thatB.whereC.in whichD.in that6.The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice.A.at whichB.on thatC.in whichD.of what7.This book will show you _

26、 can be used in other contexts.A.how you have observedB.what you have observed C.that you have observedD.how that you have observed8.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether9.Ill tell you _ he told me last week.A.all whichB.thatC.all thatD.which10.That tree,_

27、 branches are almost bare,is very old.A.whoseB.of whichC.in whichD.on which11.I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what12.He failed in the examination,_ made his father very angry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what13.Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert

28、 we attended last night.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that14.The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister.A.who is singing B.is singingC.sangD.was singing15.Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A.learnB.whoC.that learns D.who learn16.Anyone _ this opinion may speak

29、out.A.that againstB.that againstC.who is against D.who are against-优选.17.Didnt you see the man _A.I nodded just nowB.whom I nodded just now C.I nodded to him just nowD.I nodded to just now18.Can you lend me the novel _ the other dayA.that you talkedB.you talked about it C.which you talked withD.you

30、talked about19.Is there anything _ to you A.that is belongedB.that belongs C.that belongD.which belongs20.-“How do you like the book”-“Its quite different from _ I read last month.”A.thatB.whichC.the oneD.the one what21.Mr.Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them

31、.A.the ones B.onesC.someD.the others22.The train _ she was travelling was late.A.which B.whereC.on whichD.in that23.He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept.A.whereB.in whichC.under which D.which24.Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A.whichB.w

32、hereC.that25.Its the third time _ late this month.A.that you arrivedB.when you arrived C.that youve arrivedD.when youve arrived26.It was in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A.thatB.whichC.when-优选D.in whichD.about which.27.May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people wi

33、ll never forget.A.whichB.whenC.on which D.about which28.We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou,_ live my grandparents and some relatives.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where29.The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A.we stayed atB.where we stayed at C.we stayedD.in that we stayed

34、30.Is it in that factory _“Red Flag”cars are produced A.in whichB.whereC.whichD.that31.It is the Suez Canal _ separates Asia _ Africa.A.which,toB.where,from C.that,fromD.that,with32.Under the bridge,however,almost directly below,_ was a small canoe,with a boy in it.A.thereB.whereC.it33.He is not _ a

35、 fool _.A.such,as he is lookedB.such,as he looks C.as,as he is lookedD.so,as he looks34.Is that the reason _ you are in favour of the proposal A.whichB.whatC.whyD.for that35.He must be from Africa,_ can be seen from his skin.A.thatB.asC.whoD.what36.He has two sons,_ work as chemists.A.two of whomB.b

36、oth of whom C.both of whichD.all of whom37.I,_ your good friend,will try my best to help you out.A.who isB.who amC.that isD.what is-优选D.which.38.He is a man of great experience,_ much can be learned.A.whoB.thatC.from which D.from whom39.-Do you know the town at all-No,this is the first time I _ here

37、.A.wasB.have beenC.cameD.am ing40.I dont like _ you speak to her.A.the wayB.the way in thatC.the way whichD.the way of which41.The two things _ they felt very proud are Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.A.about whichB.of which C.in whichD.for which42.The dinner was the most expensive meal we _.A.would

38、 haveB.have had C.had never hadD.had ever had43.Do you know which hotel _A.she is stayingB.she is staying in C.is she stayingD.is she staying in44.There is only one thing _ I can do.A.whatB.thatC.allD.which45.Who can think of a situation _ this idiom can be used A.whichB.thatC.where D.in that46.I ha

39、ve many books,some of _ are on chemistry.A.themB.thatC.which D.those47.They were interested _ you told them.A.in whichB.in thatC.all thatD.in everything48.The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship,_ much help for knowing space.-优选.A.which we think it isB.which we think are of C.of which we

40、 think isD.I think which is of49.The great day we looked forward to _ at last。A.eB.cameC.ingD.es50.I like the second football match _ was held last week.A.whichB.whoC.thatD./参考答案：参考答案：1 15 AADBA 65 AADBA 610 ABCCA 1110 ABCCA 1115 AADAD15 AADAD161620 CDDBC 2120 CDDBC 2125 ACBDC 2625 ACBDC 2630 AADAD30 AADAD313135 CABCB 3635 CABCB 3640 BBDBA 4140 BBDBA 4145 BDBBC45 BDBBC464650 CDBBC50 CDBBC-优选