2023年高考英语新时政热点阅读15科学新知(含解析).pdf

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1、2023 年高考英语新热点时文阅读-科学新知 题型 主要内容 1 阅读理解 介绍了科学家训练蜜蜂监测新冠病毒。2 阅读理解 记录了一个实验，表明狗天生就有与人互动的能力。3 阅读理解 科学家发现人们用嘴学习可以达到和眼、手一样的效果，从而为盲人或弱视人群参与科学学习提供了一种解决办法。4 阅读理解 通过实验来证明了在恰当的个性、恰当的音乐和恰当的任务的情况下，音乐的存在可以显著提高认知功能。5 语法填空 记者 Nestor 通过自己的经历以及和一些专家的谈话中表明，呼吸方式影响全身的健康。6 七选五 讲述了好的声音让人更有吸引力，人们该如何练习好的声音。01（2022广西南宁三中模拟预测）Sc

2、ientists in the Netherlands have trained bees to identify COVID-19 through their sense of smell,according to a press release from Wageningen University.The research was conducted on more than 150 bees in Wageningen Universitys bio-veterinary research laboratory.The scientists trained the bees by giv

3、ing them a treat a sugar-water solution every time they were exposed to the scent of a mink(貂)infected with COVID-19.Each time the bees were exposed to a non-infected sample,they wouldnt get a reward.Eventually,the bees could identify an infected sample within a few seconds and would then stick out

4、their tongues like clockwork to collect the sugar water.Bees arent the first animals to detect COVID-19 by scent.Researchers have also trained dogs to distinguish between positive and negative COVID-19 samples from human saliva(唾液)or sweat with fairly high levels of accuracy.A small German study fou

5、nd that dogs could identify positive COVID-19 samples 94%of the time.Thats because metabolic changes from the coronavirus make an infected persons bodily fluids smell slightly different from those of a non-infected person.But researchers still arent sure whether animals are the best bet for sniffing

6、 out COVID-19 cases outside the lab.“No one is saying they can replace a PCR machine,but they could be very promising,”Holger Volk,a neurologist,told Nature.PCR machines are what lab technicians use to process standard COVID-19 swab tests.At the very least,certain animals could be useful for identif

7、ying COVID-19 in places or countries in which high-tech laboratory equipment is scarce or inaccessible.Wageningen scientists are working on a prototype of a machine that could automatically train multiple bees at once.Then bees can use their skills to test for coronavirus aerosols(气溶胶)in the surroun

8、ding environment.1How did the researchers teach the bees to identify COVID-19?ABy offering bees some rewards.BBy infecting bees with COVID-19.CBy raising bees with sugar water.DBy exposing bees to infected humans.2Why are dogs capable of finding out negative COVID-19 samples?AFor dogs can sniff out

9、hidden virus of the samples.BFor dogs can tell the different smell of the samples.CFor dogs can feel metabolre changes of the samples.DFor dogs can distinguish saliva from sweat of the samples.3What is the follow-up task of Wageningen scientists?ATo breed more multiple bees.BTo detect coronavirus ae

10、rosols.CTo help underdeveloped countries.DTo develop a new type of machine.4Which can be a suitable title for the text?AA New Way to Cure COVID-19 Disease BBees:Well-trained COVID-19 Detectors CBees Extremely Accurate Sense of Smell DThe Best Method of Identifying COVID-19 02（2022广西北海高三阶段练习）Dogs are

11、 born to socialise with people because we raise them that way.Two-month-old dogs can already recognise when people are pointing at objects and will stare at our faces when theyre spoken toboth signs that dogs have an innate capacity to interact with us through body language.“Although individual rela

12、tionships with people might influence that behaviour,at least 40percent of this ability comes from genetics alone,“says Emily Bray at the University of Arizona.“Over the course of keeping dogs,there has been a clear selection for these social skills,”she says.“Its something thats deep in them and th

13、at comes out at a really young age even before they have much experience with humans.”Bray and her colleagues tested these types of skills in 375 eight-week-old dogs that were chosen to become service dogs.Bray says,“It was the earliest age when the dogs could carryout such experiments because they

14、were only just old enough to be motivated by food rewards.”The researchers found that pointing at food hidden under a cup helped the dogs to find it nearly 70 percent of the time.The success rate was high from the start,meaning they werent learning to follow pointing,but had already known to do so.I

15、n a control test,the randomly selected dogs couldnt find food hidden under one of the two cups at a higher rate,indicating that they werent simply smelling it.Much of the variation in different dogs abilities to follow finger-pointing is explained by genetics.Using statistical analyses based on the

16、dogs parents and other relatives,the researchers found that genetic factors were responsible for much of these variations.The team also ran another experiment in which the researchers spoke“baby talk”to the dogs and found that the dogs fixed their eyes on the person for more than 6 seconds on aver-a

17、ge,representing an understanding that the researchers were communicating with them.5What does the underlined word“innate”in paragraph 1 probably mean?AWeak.BNatural.CSecret.DComplete.6Whats the future mission of the 375 eight-week-old dogs?ATo serve humans.BTo take part in tests.CTo entertain resear

18、chers.DTo learn human body language.7What mainly influenced the dogs success rate in finding the hidden food?AFood smell.BTheir genes.CTheir habits.DProfessional training.8How do dogs react to“baby talk”?ARandomly.BConfusedly.CSensitively.DAbsentmindedly.03（2022广东深圳高三阶段练习）The first time that I met a

19、 blind scientist.I worked in a program for disabled students interested in pursuing STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,Maths)research.Until that point,it had never occurred to me how blind students were prevented from receiving science education.My daily experience in classrooms consisted of profes

20、sors drawing and writing on the board with the assumption that students in the class could see.But what about those students who cannot see or suffer from vision problems?A recent paper from Baylor University,led by Katelyn Baumer and Bryan Shaw,was inspired by exactly this problem.They designed a s

21、tudy to assess whether people could learn to recognize 3D models,like those often used to teach science,with their mouths instead of with their eyes.A 202l paper in Nature found that primates(灵长类动物)showed the same brain circuit activation(激活)when grasping objects with their hands and when moving an

22、object with their tongues.This indicates that there may be underlying similarities of physical manipulations(操纵)of the hand and the mouth.Baumer and Shaw found that there was comparable touch recognition with hands to mouth manipulation recognition when using these models.365 college students and 31

23、 primary school students participated in the study.The participants were blindfolded and then divided into two groups,one assigned to manipulate objects by hand,and one to manipulate the objects with only their mouths.Each participant was given a single model protein to study.They then were asked to

24、 identify whether each of a set of eight other protein models matched the original they were given.The research team saw that both age groups of students were able to successfully distinguish between models.Moreover,the accuracy of recalling the structures was higher in people who only assessed the

25、models through mouth manipulation.Although this study did not involve blind or low-vision students,it sets the basis for expanding into them next.It may offer a way to have science become more accessible,which is the ultimate goal.9Who will most probably benefit from Baumer and Shaws study?AProfesso

26、rs.BCollege students.CPrimary school students.DBlind and low-vision students.10What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?AExplain a concept to readers.BProvide supporting information.CSummarize the previous paragraphs.DIntroduce a new topic for discussion.11What method is used in the study?AM

27、aking comparisons.BDoing surveys.CConducting interviews.DReviewing papers.12What is the text mainly about?AA recent paper about STEM education.BA protein model used in science teaching.CA potential way for disabled students to learn science.DAn academic program for blind scientists to do research.04

28、（2022江西高三阶段练习）Music can really affect your well-being,learning,quality of life,and even happiness.The fact that music can make a difficult task more tolerable may be why students often choose to listen to it while doing their homework.But is listening to music the smart choice for students who want

29、to improve their learning?A new study suggests that for some students,listening to music is a wise strategy,but for others,it isnt.The effect of music on cognitive(认知的)function appears to depend partly on your personalityspecifically,on your need for external stimulation(刺激).Researchers not only ass

30、essed listeners personality but also changed the difficulty of the task and the complexity of the music.Participants first completed a personality test used to determine the need for external stimulation.Then,they engaged in an easy cognitive task(searching for the letter A in lists of words)and a m

31、ore challenging one(remembering word pairs)in order.Participants finished both tasks under one of two sound conditions:(1)no music,(2)with music.The data suggest that for those with a high need of external stimulation,on the simple task of finding As,the scores for the music condition were significa

32、ntly worse than those for the silent condition.On the complex task of learning word pairs,their performance was worse whenever music was played.For those with a low need of external stimulation,however,on the simple task,such participants scores for the music condition were much better than those fo

33、r the silent condition.On the complex task of learning word pairs,the participants showed a small but reliable benefit when listening to music.According to the study,there are individual differences in the impact of music on cognitive function.Students who are easily bored and who seek out stimulati

34、on should be cautious of adding music to the mix.On the other hand,students with a low need for stimulation may benefit significantly from the presence of music.With the right personality,the right music and the right task,the presence of music may significantly improve cognitive functioning.Given t

35、he benefits of music,subscription to Spotify will be rewarding!13What can we learn about the study in paragraph 2?AIt only involved the participants response to music.BParticipants completed two tasks when composing songs.CThe difficulty of the two tasks decreased in the experiment.DParticipants wer

36、e grouped by their need for external stimulation.14What can we infer from the result of the research?AThe complexity of tasks might reduce the benefit of music.BStudents should listen to music when performing complex tasks.CStudents with less external stimulation perform badly with music.DThe presen

37、ce of music benefits students who seek for external stimulation.15What might the underlined word“Spotify”be?AA travel guide.BA psychology journal.CA music platform.DA personality test.16What could be the best title for the article?AWhy is music essential in your study?BIs music beneficial to your pe

38、rsonality?CHow can music affect your external stimulation?DDoes music promote your cognitive performance?05（2022山东高三阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。If you were told to stop from breathing through your nose,could you do it?Journalist Nestor made _17_for about 10 days,plugging up his nose and _

39、18_(breathe)only through his mouth as part of an experiment at Stanford University.The effects were systemic sleeping troubles,high blood _19_(press)and,of course,discomfort.Breathing is so automatic an activity _20_ most of us never think about doing it.But as Nestor shows through his own experienc

40、es and conversations with dozens of experts,the way we breathe _21_(make)a difference for the bodys overall health.Based on the results of the experiment,he published a book Breath:The New Science of a Lost Art,_22_ he explores everything from the role our noses play _23_ hormone regulation(激素调节)and

41、 digestion,to how some athletes build up the lung capacity(肺活量)_24_(run)marathons in extreme conditions or dive in icy water for more than an hour at a time.The topic is seemingly simple an entire book about breathing?But _25_(actual)every chapter reveals new details about how body and breath work t

42、ogether at the same time.Nestors daring attitude and _26_(curious)were infectious:I not only noticed myself paying attention to my own breathing every time I sat down to read,but my new-found comfort with my own lungs even inspired me to go for my first jog in years.06（2022重庆八中高三阶段练习）Youve heard the

43、m before.Perfect voices,matching their speakers attitude,style,and appearance.Most people know how to recognize a good voice simply because they like it and feel attracted to it._27_There are reasons why specific voices feel much easier on the ears,and people describe them as smooth.Good voices usua

44、lly sound warmer,friendlier,expressive,and controlled.However,a bad voice is the complete opposite._28_ The question is:_29_ When we have a good conversation with someone,we tend to adjust the pitch(音高)of our own voice towards theirs.But when we find someone attractive,the opposite is true.For men,t

45、heir pitch goes down,while for women,their pitch goes up.Whats more,lowering or raising your pitch might be a sin of how attractive we find our date,but it also makes the other person more attracted to us.But could putting on an accent help you to appear younger or more masculine(男子汉的)?Humans have a

46、 remarkable vocal range,but also a good ability to detect fakers._30_-if we could go around deceiving(欺骗)people all the time with our voices,then the entire communication system would fail.At the end of the day,making your voice sound more attractive,better,or deeper is a matter of trying._31_ Pract

47、ice your breathing,keep your pitch in mind,copy good speakers,and learn how to position your voice after youve examined it.Record yourself,and see what works and what doesnt.ASo humans are not easily deceived.BHowever,its not only a matter of taste.CSpend some time in front of your mirror.DStart mor

48、e conversations with your friends.EDo men and women always use the same pitch of voice?FIt often sounds annoying,hesitant,boring and never changes.GCan we use our voice in the right setting to adapt to our needs?参考答案：1A 2B 3D 4B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家训练蜜蜂监测新冠病毒。1细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The scientists trained

49、the bees by giving them a treat a sugar-water solution every time they were exposed to the scent of a mink(貂)infected with COVID-19.(科学家们训练蜜蜂，每次让它们接触感染了 COVID-19 的水貂的气味时，就给它们一种糖水溶液)”可知，科学家是通过奖励的方式训练蜜蜂识别新冠病毒的。故选 A。2 细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“A small German study found that dogs could identify positive COVID-19

50、samples 94%of the time.Thats because metabolic changes from the coronavirus make an infected persons bodily fluids smell slightly different from those of a non-infected person.(德国的一项小型研究发现，狗识别出 Covid-19 阳性样本的准确率是 94%。这是因为冠状病毒的代谢变化使感染者的体液气味与非感染者略有不同)”可知，狗能够辨别出新冠病毒阳性患者是因为它能闻出他们什么不同的味道。故选 B。3细节理解题。根据最后