中国医疗卫生服务改革中的监管体系建设.ppt
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1、竞争与监管政策国际研讨会:政策与实践中的新课题竞争与监管政策国际研讨会:政策与实践中的新课题International Conference on Competition&Regulation Policy:Emerging Themes in Policy and Practice中国医疗卫生服务改革中的监管体系建设:中国医疗卫生服务改革中的监管体系建设:基本概念与制度框架基本概念与制度框架Regulatory System Building in Restructuring Chinas Medical and Health Care System:Conceptual Issues an
2、d A Institutional Framework “医疗监管体系建设课题组医疗监管体系建设课题组”高世楫高世楫Task Team for Health Care Regulation,GAO Shi-Task Team for Health Care Regulation,GAO Shi-JiJi 20062006年年2 2月月25-2625-26日日申明:所有观点均属课题组成员的看法,与所供职的单位无关。Disclaimer:Views expressed here are all of the authors and do not necessarily represent thos
3、e of the institutions to which the authors are affiliated.基本思路和讨论范围基本思路和讨论范围 Outline of Discussion基本概念和分析框架:Conceptual Framework医疗服务复杂的技术经济特征 Techno-Economic Features of Heath Care医疗服务供给系统的多样性 Diversified Health Care Systems政府在医疗服务供给中的多重角色 Multiple Roles of government主要结论和建议 Main Conclusion and Poli
4、cy Proposal监管体系建设是任何改革方案中不可或缺的组成部分 Regulatory System Building Should Be an essential Part of the reform plan医疗监管体系的基本框架:A Regulatory Framework政府主办模式下的监管:从行政命令到政府内监管 Regulation-inside-Government市场竞争下的监管:多层次的监管体系 Multiple-Layered Regulatory system医疗服务的基本结构医疗服务的基本结构 Structure of Health Care System购买者购买
5、者Purchasers病人病人Patients医疗服务出资人医疗服务出资人Funding Agencies医疗机构医疗机构Medical Institutions医务人员医务人员Medical Professionals医疗服务的技术经济特征医疗服务的技术经济特征 Techno-Economic Characteristics of Health Care Services资源永远稀缺;买方/卖方垄断;需求和供给方面的不确定性;信息不对称;第三方付费的道德风险;专业的准入壁垒;社会公正和道德良知;需求的多样性;个人隐私。Scarcity,monopoly;uncertainty;informa
6、tion asymmetry;moral hazard;professional qualification and entry barrier;social justice and moral concerns;diversified demand;protection of privacy 从经济学上的分类(从经济学上的分类(Arrow,1963Arrow,1963)Economic ClassificationEconomic Classification信息不完全或不对称问题;Asymmetrical Information不完全竞争或自然垄断问题;Incomplete Market外
7、部性问题;Externality公平性问题。Equality (世界银行的“3+1”标准)政府干预的合理性:政府干预矫正市场失灵政府干预的合理性:政府干预矫正市场失灵Rationale for Government Intervention:Correcting Market Failure对稀缺资源的配置对稀缺资源的配置 Allocating Scarce Resources:Two Fundamentally Different Ways 计划:政府供给 Government Supply and Rationing 市场:通过竞争形成价格 Market:Bidding for Servi
8、ce 从直接出资的角度可以将医疗服务的供给分为:从直接出资的角度可以将医疗服务的供给分为:Classified by Funding 全民免费医疗:政府直接供给(英国),以公平的方式.Free services for all(UK model)个人付费:通过市场竞争 Fee based model:在现实中,如何医疗体系都是计划与竞争机制的结合。由于医疗服务在“面向大众、在提供过程存在着潜在的严重市场失灵市场失灵(被宽泛地解释为公平与效率原因),所以属于公共服务(public services)范畴,政府可以以直接提供服务、出资购买服务和对医疗服务进行监管三种方式介入医疗服务。(Grout和
9、Stevens,2003)。In reality,all health care systems are of mixed type with government interventions.Government are involved simultaneously in directly supplying services,buying services by provide funds and regulating service provision.政府干预的三种主要方式政府干预的三种主要方式 Three Ways that Governments Can InterveneThr
10、ee Ways that Governments Can Intervene直接提供直接提供Supplying付费付费Buying监管监管regulation 三种干预方式之间存在相互影响关系三种干预方式之间存在相互影响关系 InteractionsInteractions 市场失灵市场失灵 政府失灵政府失灵 market failure-government failuremarket failure-government failure但根据医疗服务提供方的单位治理结构、服务购买方的组织方式可以分为多种但根据医疗服务提供方的单位治理结构、服务购买方的组织方式可以分为多种医疗服务的组织方式。
11、医疗服务的组织方式。There are diversified health care systems in the world that are defined by the differences in the governance structure of the health care institutions and structure of funding/purchasing organizations.不同国家由于历史和文化上的差异,医疗服务的供给采取了不同的组织方式。不同国家由于历史和文化上的差异,医疗服务的供给采取了不同的组织方式。对处于相同发展阶段的国家(对处于相同发展阶
12、段的国家(OECD),不同的模式都获得了大致相同的效),不同的模式都获得了大致相同的效果。但对于哪种方式的供给效率更高的比较,需要更加系统详细的比较(也果。但对于哪种方式的供给效率更高的比较,需要更加系统详细的比较(也许单纯从总支出指标、住院率等难以判断)。许单纯从总支出指标、住院率等难以判断)。Different systems have different performances,although they may have produced similar results in terms of the safeguarding the health of the citizens.不
13、论采取何种模式,政府都同时承担了直接提供服务、出资购买服务和监管服不论采取何种模式,政府都同时承担了直接提供服务、出资购买服务和监管服务供给三种责任。务供给三种责任。In all types of systems,governments are involved in supplying,funding and purchasing and regulation.政府的监管体现在服务供给的各个环节。政府的监管体现在服务供给的各个环节。Government regulation can be found in all the activities in health care service.医
14、疗卫生服务体系的多样性医疗卫生服务体系的多样性 Diversified Health Care Systems Diversified Health Care Systems 包括医疗服务在内的公共服务提供者的组织形式:包括医疗服务在内的公共服务提供者的组织形式:OECD与中国的比较与中国的比较 Diversified Systems OECD vs China资料来源:张春霖OECD 国家医疗卫生领域总支出占国家医疗卫生领域总支出占GDP的比重的比重Different Performances of Health Care Systems in OECD Countries:Total He
15、alth Care Expenditure in GDP 资料来源:http:/www.oecd.org/dataoecd/60/28/35529791.xls 196019651970197519801985199019952000200120022003Australia4.14.3 4.6 7.177.47.88.399.19.39.3 Canada5.45.977.17.18.299.28.99.49.69.9 eCzech Republic.4.76.96.66.97.27.5Denmark.8.0 8.99.18.78.58.28.48.68.89Finland3.84.85.66
16、.36.47.27.87.56.76.97.27.4France3.84.75.46.57.18.28.69.59.39.49.7 e10.1 eGermany.6.28.68.798.510.610.610.810.911.1Hungary.7.1 7.57.17.47.88.4 eJapan34.44.55.66.56.75.96.8 b7.67.87.9 e7.9eKorea.4.2 4.14.54.24.75.45.35.6Mexico.4.85.65.6666.2Netherlands.6.9 7.17.57.488.48.38.79.39.8Norway2.93.44.45.976
17、.67.77.98.58.99.910.3 ePoland.4.95.65.766.6 b6.5Spain1.52.53.64.75.45.56.77.67.47.57.67.7Sweden6.97.69.18.78.48.18.48.89.29.4Switzerland4.94.65.577.47.88.39.710.410.911.111.5 eUnited Kingdom3.94.14.55.55.65.9677.37.57.77.7 United States55.56.97.88.71011.913.313.113.814.615OECD 国家医疗卫生领域支出中政府支出的比例国家医疗
18、卫生领域支出中政府支出的比例%Different Performances of Health Care Systems in OECD Countries:Government Health Expenditure in Total Health Care Expenditure http:/www.oecd.org/document/16/0,2340,en_2649_34631_2085200_1_1_1_1,00.html 196019651970197519801985199019952000200120022003Australia50.450.9 57.2 73.16371.46
19、7.166.768.567.867.567.5 Canada42.651.969.976.275.675.574.571.470.370.169.769.9 eCzech Republic.96.696.996.892.297.492.791.491.491.190.1Denmark.83.7 85.487.885.682.782.582.482.782.983Finland54.16673.878.67978.680.975.675.175.976.376.5France62.471.275.57880.178.576.676.375.875.976.1 e76.3 eGermany.72.
20、87978.777.476.280.578.678.478.678.2Hungary.89.1 8470.76970.272.4 eJapan60.461.469.87271.370.777.683.0 b81.381.781.5 e81.5eKorea.33.3 35.236.835.346.251.950.349.4Mexico.40.442.146.644.844.946.4Netherlands.60.2 67.969.470.867.17163.162.862.562.4Norway77.880.991.696.285.185.882.884.282.583.683.583.7 eP
21、oland.91.772.97071.971.2 b69.9Spain58.750.865.477.479.981.178.772.271.671.271.371.2Sweden.8690.292.590.489.986.684.984.985.185.2Switzerland.50.352.453.855.657.157.958.5 eUnited Kingdom85.285.88791.189.485.883.683.980.98383.483.4 United States23.322.436.44141.539.939.645.344.244.844.944.4不论采取何种模式,政府都
22、同时承担了直接提供服务、出资购买服务和监管服不论采取何种模式,政府都同时承担了直接提供服务、出资购买服务和监管服务供给三种责任。务供给三种责任。In all types of systems,governments are involved in supplying,funding and purchasing and regulation.政府的监管体现在服务供给的各个环节。政府的监管体现在服务供给的各个环节。Government regulation can be found in all the activities in health care service.监管是政府所有医疗服务系
23、统中的重要组成部分监管是政府所有医疗服务系统中的重要组成部分 Government Regulation:An Essential Part of Health Care SystemGovernment Regulation:An Essential Part of Health Care System 涉及监管领域与环节分类涉及监管领域与环节分类 Regulation of Health Care Services监管手段监管手段MeansMeans监管领域监管领域 Regulated AreasRegulated Areas监管对象监管对象RegulateeRegulatee需求 Dem
24、and供给 Supply市场秩序 Market Order经济激励Economic Incentives对影响健康的活动进行征税 Taxing医疗服务 medical service医生的服务定价 Pricing of doctors 医生和其他医务人员 Doctors资本开支审查(CON)为医院服务付费 pricing of hospital service医院 Hospital资本开支的审查 CON护理机构、医疗设备 Nursing Houses,Equip推荐、禁止药物名单Drug lists专利保护 patents医药企业、保险公司Drug Co,Insurance Co.命令与控制C
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- 中国 医疗卫生 服务 改革 中的 监管 体系 建设
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