COM组件开发(精品).ppt

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1、COM开发潘爱民2002-11-15http:/ SDK和和MFC介绍介绍lMFC对对COM的支持的支持l用用MFC开发开发COM组件组件lATL对对COM的支持的支持l用用ATL开发开发COM组件组件l布置作业布置作业Win32 SDK：Windows程序结构l入口函数入口函数WinMainl应用初始化应用初始化l主窗口的创建及显示主窗口的创建及显示l消息分发循环消息分发循环l程序结束处理程序结束处理Win32 SDK对COM的支持lWin32 SDK包括包括COM库函数的支持库函数的支持利用宏描述接口 DECLARE_INTERFACE_(IClassFactory,IUnknown)ST

2、DMETHOD(QueryInterface)(THIS_ REFIID riid,LPVOID FAR*ppvObj)PURE;STDMETHOD_(ULONG,AddRef)(THIS)PURE;STDMETHOD_(ULONG,Release)(THIS)PURE;STDMETHOD(CreateInstance)(THIS_ LPUNKNOWN pUnkOuter,REFIID riid,LPVOID FAR*ppvObject)PURE;STDMETHOD(LockServer)(THIS_ BOOL fLock)PURE;VC提供的用于描述接口的宏MFC基础l应用类应用类AfxGe

3、tAppCWinApp:InitInstanceCWinApp:ExitInstanceCWinApp:OnIdleCWinApp:RunCWnd*m_pMainWndl窗口类窗口类AfxGetMainWndMFC的消息处理机制消息映射表l在在CWnd派生类定义中加入声明：派生类定义中加入声明：DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()l在类的实现文件中加入表和表项的定义：在类的实现文件中加入表和表项的定义：BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(theClass,baseClass).END_MESSAGE_MAP消息映射表示例BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(theClass,baseCla

4、ss)/AFX_MSG_MAP(theClass)ON_WM_SETFOCUS()ON_WM_CREATE()ON_WM_DESTROY()ON_WM_CLOSE()ON_WM_SIZE()ON_MESSAGE(WM_COMMANDHELP,OnCommandHelp)ON_MESSAGE(WM_HELPHITTEST,OnHelpHitTest)ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI(ID_VIEW_STATUS_BAR,OnUpdateControlBarMenu)ON_NOTIFY_EX_RANGE(TTN_NEEDTEXTW,0,0 xFFFF,OnToolTipText)/AFX_

5、MSG_MAPEND_MESSAGE_MAPMFC应用类型l常规应用：常规应用：MDI应用、应用、SDI应用、基于对话框应用、基于对话框程序程序lDLL应用：静态连接应用：静态连接MFC库的正规库的正规DLL、动态动态连接连接MFC库的正规库的正规DLL、MFC扩展扩展DLLl其他应用：其他应用：支持支持OLE服务或者包容器的服务或者包容器的SDI应用应用支持支持OLE服务或者包容器的服务或者包容器的MDI应用应用支持自动化支持自动化(Automation)服务的服务的SDI或者或者MDI程序程序ActiveX控制应用控制应用(OCX应用应用)MFC库结构MFC对COM应用的支持用嵌套类实现C

6、OM接口class CDictionary /构造函数和析构函数构造函数和析构函数HRESULT _stdcall QueryInterface(REFIID iid,void*ppvObj);ULONG _stdcall AddRef();ULONG _stdcall Release();class XDictionaryObj:public IDictionary public:CDictionary*m_pParent;virtual HRESULT _stdcall QueryInterface(REFIID iid,void*ppvObj);virtual ULONG _stdcal

7、l AddRef();virtual ULONG _stdcall Release();virtual BOOL _stdcall Initialize();.virtual void _stdcall FreeLibrary();m_dictionaryObj;未完未完用嵌套类实现COM接口(续一)class XSpellCheckObj:public ISpellCheck public:CDictionary*m_pParent;virtual HRESULT _stdcall QueryInterface(REFIID iid,void*ppvObj);virtual ULONG _s

8、tdcall AddRef();virtual ULONG _stdcall Release();virtual BOOL _stdcall CheckWord(String word,String*);m_spellCheckObj;private:structDictWord*m_pData;char*m_DictFilename128;intm_Ref;intm_nWordNumber,m_nStructNumber;续续用嵌套类实现COM接口(续二)CDictionary:CDictionary()./Initializtionm_dictionaryObj.m_pParent=thi

9、s;m_spellCheckObj.m_pParent=this;用嵌套类实现COM接口(续三)HRESULT CDictionary:QueryInterface(const IID&iid,void*ppvObj)if(iid=IID_IUnknown|iid=IID_Dictionary)*ppvObj=&m_dictionaryObj;AddRef();return S_OK;else if(iid=IID_SpellCheck)*ppvObj=&m_spellCheckObj;AddRef();return S_OK;*ppv=NULL;return E_NOINTERFACE;用嵌

10、套类实现COM接口(续四)ULONG CDictionary:XDictionaryObj:QueryInterface(const IID&iid,void*ppvObj)return m_pParent-QueryInterface(iid,ppvObj);ULONG CDictionary:XDictionaryObj:AddRef()return m_pParent-AddRef();ULONG CDictionary:XDictionaryObj:Release()return m_pParent-Release();“用嵌套类实现COM接口”原理m_pDatam_DictFilen

11、ame128m_Ref m_nWordNumberm_nStructNumberQueryInterfaceAddRefRelease.m_dictionaryObjm_spellCheckObjQueryInterfaceAddRefReleaseQueryInterfaceAddRefReleaseVtable for IDictionaryVtable for ISpellCheckCDictionaryvptrvptrCDictionary的非虚函数MFC：接口映射表lCCmdTarget类类lCCmdTarget:m_dwRef为引用计数为引用计数l接口映射表与消息映射表非常类似接口

12、映射表与消息映射表非常类似l接口映射表：记录了接口映射表：记录了CCmdTarget类中类中每一个嵌套类的接口每一个嵌套类的接口ID以及接口以及接口vtable与父类与父类this指针之间的偏移量指针之间的偏移量loffsetof宏：成员类与父类之间的偏移值宏：成员类与父类之间的偏移值DECLARE_INTERFACE_MAP#define DECLARE_INTERFACE_MAP()private:static const AFX_INTERFACEMAP_ENTRY _interfaceEntries;protected:static AFX_DATA const AFX_INTERFA

13、CEMAP interfaceMap;static const AFX_INTERFACEMAP*PASCAL _GetBaseInterfaceMap();virtual const AFX_INTERFACEMAP*GetInterfaceMap()const;struct AFX_INTERFACEMAP_ENTRYconst void*piid;size_t nOffset;struct AFX_INTERFACEMAP#ifdef _AFXDLLconst AFX_INTERFACEMAP*(PASCAL*pfnGetBaseMap)();#elseconst AFX_INTERFA

14、CEMAP*pBaseMap;#endifconst AFX_INTERFACEMAP_ENTRY*pEntry;接口映射表定义BEGIN_INTERFACE_MAP(CDictionary,CCmdTarget)INTERFACE_PART(CDictionary,IID_IDictionary,Dictionary)INTERFACE_PART(CDictionary,IID_ISpellCheck,SpellCheck)END_INTERFACE_MAP()接口映射表的宏定义#define BEGIN_INTERFACE_MAP(theClass,theBase)const AFX_IN

15、TERFACEMAP*PASCAL theClass:_GetBaseInterfaceMap()return&theBase:interfaceMap;const AFX_INTERFACEMAP*theClass:GetInterfaceMap()const return&theClass:interfaceMap;AFX_COMDAT const AFX_DATADEF AFX_INTERFACEMAP theClass:interfaceMap=&theClass:_GetBaseInterfaceMap,&theClass:_interfaceEntries0,;AFX_COMDAT

16、 const AFX_DATADEF AFX_INTERFACEMAP_ENTRY theClass:_interfaceEntries=#define INTERFACE_PART(theClass,iid,localClass)&iid,offsetof(theClass,m_x#localClass),#define END_INTERFACE_MAP()NULL,(size_t)-1 ;MFC版本的字典对象类定义class CDictionary:public CCmdTargetDECLARE_DYNCREATE(CDictionary)CDictionary();/protecte

17、d constructor used by dynamic creationDECLARE_INTERFACE_MAP()./IDictionaryBEGIN_INTERFACE_PART(Dictionary,IDictionary)INIT_INTERFACE_PART(CDictionary,Dictionary)STDMETHOD_(BOOL,Initialize)();STDMETHOD_(void,FreeLibrary)();END_INTERFACE_PART_STATIC(Dictionary)/ISpellCheckBEGIN_INTERFACE_PART(SpellChe

18、ck,ISpellCheck)INIT_INTERFACE_PART(CDictionary,SpellCheck)STDMETHOD_(BOOL,CheckWord)(LPOLESTR,LPOLESTR*);END_INTERFACE_PART_STATIC(SpellCheck);MFC版本的字典对象类实现STDMETHODIMP_(ULONG)CDictionary:XDictionary:AddRef()METHOD_PROLOGUE_EX_(CDictionary,Dictionary)return pThis-ExternalAddRef();lMETHOD_PROLOGUE_EX

19、_宏定义：#define METHOD_PROLOGUE_EX(theClass,localClass)theClass*pThis=(theClass*)(BYTE*)this-m_nOffset);AFX_MANAGE_STATE(pThis-m_pModuleState)pThis;/avoid warning from compiler CCmdTarget类实现IUnknownpublic:/data used when CCmdTarget is made OLE awarelong m_dwRef;LPUNKNOWN m_pOuterUnknown;/external contr

20、olling unknown if!=NULLDWORD m_xInnerUnknown;/place-holder for inner controlling unknownpublic:/advanced operationsvoid EnableAggregation();/call to enable aggregationvoid ExternalDisconnect();/forcibly disconnectLPUNKNOWN GetControllingUnknown();/get controlling IUnknown for aggregate creationCCmdT

21、arget类实现IUnknown(续)public:/these versions do not delegate to m_pOuterUnknownDWORD InternalQueryInterface(const void*,LPVOID*ppvObj);DWORD InternalAddRef();DWORD InternalRelease();/these versions delegate to m_pOuterUnknownDWORD ExternalQueryInterface(const void*,LPVOID*ppvObj);DWORD ExternalAddRef()

22、;DWORD ExternalRelease();CCmdTarget中QueryInterface实现DWORD CCmdTarget:InternalQueryInterface(const void*iid,LPVOID*ppvObj)/check local interfacesif(*ppvObj=GetInterface(iid)!=NULL)/interface was found-add a referenceExternalAddRef();return S_OK;/check aggregatesif(*ppvObj=QueryAggregates(iid)!=NULL)r

23、eturn S_OK;/interface ID not found,fail the callreturn(DWORD)E_NOINTERFACE;CCmdTarget中ExternalXXX成员实现DWORD CCmdTarget:ExternalAddRef()/delegate to controlling unknown if aggregatedif(m_pOuterUnknown!=NULL)return m_pOuterUnknown-AddRef();return InternalAddRef();DWORD CCmdTarget:ExternalRelease()/./Qu

24、eryInterface that is exported to normal clientsDWORD CCmdTarget:ExternalQueryInterface(const void*iid,LPVOID*ppvObj)/delegate to controlling unknown if aggregatedif(m_pOuterUnknown!=NULL)return m_pOuterUnknown-QueryInterface(*(IID*)iid,ppvObj);return InternalQueryInterface(iid,ppvObj);嵌套类内部实现IUnknow

25、n的成员函数STDMETHODIMP_(ULONG)CDictionary:XDictionary:QueryInterface(const void*iid,LPVOID*ppvObj)METHOD_PROLOGUE_EX_(CDictionary,Dictionary)return pThis-ExternalQueryInterface(iid,ppvObj);COM引出函数和类厂实现l在在AppWizard中选中中选中“Automation”检查框检查框STDAPI DllGetClassObject(REFCLSID rclsid,REFIID riid,LPVOID*ppv)AFX

26、_MANAGE_STATE(AfxGetStaticModuleState();return AfxDllGetClassObject(rclsid,riid,ppv);STDAPI DllCanUnloadNow(void)AFX_MANAGE_STATE(AfxGetStaticModuleState();return AfxDllCanUnloadNow();/by exporting DllRegisterServer,you can use regsvr.exeSTDAPI DllRegisterServer(void)AFX_MANAGE_STATE(AfxGetStaticMod

27、uleState();COleObjectFactory:UpdateRegistryAll();return S_OK;COleObjectFactoryl通用的类厂，实现了通用的类厂，实现了IClassFactory2接口接口lCOleObjectFactory的主要信息是对象的的主要信息是对象的CLSID和对和对象的类型信息。象的类型信息。l它利用它利用MFC的动态对象创建机制：的动态对象创建机制：DECLARE_DYNCREATEl对象方面的支持：对象方面的支持：DECLARE_OLECREATE(.)，定义如下定义如下#define DECLARE_OLECREATE(class_n

28、ame)public:static AFX_DATA COleObjectFactory factory;static AFX_DATA const GUID guid;MFC中组件对象的创建支持lDECLARE_OLECREATE(.)lIMPLEMENT_OLECREATE#define IMPLEMENT_OLECREATE(class_name,external_name,l,w1,w2,b1,b2,b3,b4,b5,b6,b7,b8)AFX_DATADEF COleObjectFactory class_name:factory(class_name:guid,RUNTIME_CLA

29、SS(class_name),FALSE,_T(external_name);AFX_COMDAT const AFX_DATADEF GUID class_name:guid=l,w1,w2,b1,b2,b3,b4,b5,b6,b7,b8 ;l状态结构：状态结构：AFX_MODULE_STATE，除了一些基本的全局信息，还除了一些基本的全局信息，还包括一个类厂表。包括一个类厂表。lDllGetClassObject-AfxDllGetClassObject-AfxGetModuleState进一步得到类厂表进一步得到类厂表l类厂对象的构造函数和析构函数维护类厂表类厂对象的构造函数和析构函数维

30、护类厂表用MFC开发COM应用l利用利用AppWizard创建创建COM程序工程框架程序工程框架l利用利用ClassWizard添加添加COM对象类对象类AppWizard创建COM工程(一)AppWizard创建COM工程(二)AppWizard创建COM工程(三)BOOL CDictCompApp:InitInstance()/Register all OLE server(factories)as running./This enables the/OLE libraries to create objects from other applications.COleObjectFact

31、ory:RegisterAll();return TRUE;ClassWizard添加COM对象类(一)ClassWizard添加COM对象类(二)CDictionaryObj声明中加入接口定义BEGIN_INTERFACE_PART(Dictionary,IDictionary)INIT_INTERFACE_PART(CDictionary,Dictionary)STDMETHOD_(BOOL,Initialize)();STDMETHOD_(BOOL,LoadLibrary)(LPOLESTR);STDMETHOD_(BOOL,InsertWord)(LPOLESTR,LPOLESTR);

32、STDMETHOD_(void,DeleteWord)(LPOLESTR);STDMETHOD_(BOOL,LookupWord)(LPOLESTR,LPOLESTR*);STDMETHOD_(BOOL,RestoreLibrary)(LPOLESTR);STDMETHOD_(void,FreeLibrary)();END_INTERFACE_PART_STATIC(Dictionary)/ISpellCheckBEGIN_INTERFACE_PART(SpellCheck,ISpellCheck)INIT_INTERFACE_PART(CDictionary,SpellCheck)STDME

33、THOD_(BOOL,CheckWord)(LPOLESTR,LPOLESTR*);END_INTERFACE_PART_STATIC(SpellCheck)DECLARE_INTERFACE_MAP()CDictionaryObj类实现文件中加入相应的定义extern C const IID IID_Dictionary=0 x54bf6568,0 x1007,0 x11d1,0 xb0,0 xaa,0 x44,0 x45,0 x53,0 x54,0 x00,0 x00 ;extern C const IID IID_SpellCheck=0 x54bf6569,0 x1007,0 x11d

34、1,0 xb0,0 xaa,0 x44,0 x45,0 x53,0 x54,0 x00,0 x00 ;BEGIN_INTERFACE_MAP(CDictionaryObj,CCmdTarget)INTERFACE_PART(CDictionaryObj,IID_IDictionary,Dictionary)INTERFACE_PART(CDictionaryObj,IID_ISpellCheck,SpellCheck)END_INTERFACE_MAP()类厂支持l在在CDictionaryObj声明中加入：声明中加入：DECLARE_OLECREATE(CDictionaryObj)l在在C

35、DictionaryObj实现文件中加入：实现文件中加入：/54BF6567-1007-11D1-B0AA-444553540000IMPLEMENT_OLECREATE(CDictionaryObj,Dictionary.Object,0 x54bf6567,0 x1007,0 x11d1,0 xb0,0 xaa,0 x44,0 x45,0 x53,0 x54,0 x00,0 x00)ATL介绍lATL实现实现COM的机制完全不同于的机制完全不同于MFCl使用多继承技术实现多个接口使用多继承技术实现多个接口l支持多线程支持多线程l实现实现QueryInterface用到了特殊的技术用到了特殊

36、的技术l创建对象机制不同于以往的技术创建对象机制不同于以往的技术l优化优化ATL概况l封装了一些数据类型封装了一些数据类型CComBSTR、CComVariant、CComPtr，等等l实现实现COM接口和接口和COM对象对象接口映射表、对象映射表，等接口映射表、对象映射表，等l窗口的支持窗口的支持CWindow、CWindowImpl、CDialogImpl，等等l其他其他COM特征的支持特征的支持永久性支持永久性支持连接点支持连接点支持集合对象和枚举器对象集合对象和枚举器对象ActiveX control and container等等CComBSTRl封装了封装了BSTR类型类型l提供了

37、大量便利的字符串操作提供了大量便利的字符串操作构造函数构造函数各种操作符以及一般的字符串操作各种操作符以及一般的字符串操作对于流对于流(stream)的支持的支持l在需要在需要BSTR的地方，都可以用的地方，都可以用CComBSTR来代替来代替l注意注意owershipCComVariantl封装了封装了VARIANT属性属性l提供了常用的操作提供了常用的操作构造函数构造函数各种操作符以及一般的管理操作各种操作符以及一般的管理操作对于流对于流(stream)的支持的支持l在需要在需要VARIANT的地方，都可以用的地方，都可以用CComVARIANT来代替来代替CComPtr、CComQIPt

38、rlSmart pointertemplatetemplateclass CComPtrclass CComQIPtrpublic:public:T*p;T*p;.;l优点：优点：自动管理自动管理AddRef/Release在大多数情况下，可以当作接口指针来使用在大多数情况下，可以当作接口指针来使用l注意：禁止调用注意：禁止调用“-Release”和和“-AddRef”CComDispatchDriverl封装了封装了IDispatch接口接口l除了对接口指针的管理之外，有下面的功能：除了对接口指针的管理之外，有下面的功能：属性访问函数：属性访问函数：GetIDOfName/GetProper

39、ty/PutPropertyGetPropertyByName/PutPropertyByName方法访问函数：方法访问函数：by DISPID：Invoke0/Invoke1/Invoke2/InvokeNby Name：Invoke0/Invoke1/Invoke2/InvokeN两个静态函数：两个静态函数：By DISPID：GetProperty/PutPropertyATL的类层次CMyClassCComObjectRootBaseCComObjectRootExIXxxImplIMyItf1IMyItf2CComObject等CComXxxThreadModelCComObject

40、RootBaselObjectMainlstatic InternalQueryInterfacelOuterAddRef/OuterRelease/OuterQueryInterfacelInternalFinalConstructAddRef/InternalFinalConstructReleasel其他一些静态函数其他一些静态函数l联合：联合：unionlong m_dwRef;IUnknown*m_pOuterUnknown;ATL对象的线程模型l用到了用到了trait技术技术l通过编译时刻的类型提供通过编译时刻的类型提供just thread-safe enoughlCComSin

41、gleThreadModellCComMultiThreadModellCComMultiThreadNoCSl提供了两个静态成员函数和三个提供了两个静态成员函数和三个typedefIncrement、DecrementAutoCriticalSection、CriticalSection、ThreadModelNoCSATL对象实现引用计数lCComObjectRootExInternalAddRefInternalRelease作用在匿名联合的作用在匿名联合的m_dwRef成员上成员上lCComObjectRootEx定义了一把锁定义了一把锁锁的类型为锁的类型为AutoCriticalSe

42、ction对锁的封装对锁的封装ObjectLock，wrapperl用于未被聚合的情况下用于未被聚合的情况下ATL对象实现QueryInterfacelTable-driven QueryInterfacelInterface MapBEGIN_COM_MAP(class)COM_INTERFACE_ENTRY(itf)END_COM_MAPl表中每一项表中每一项struct _ATL_INTMAP_ENTRY const IID*piid;DWORD dw;_ATL_CREATORARGFUNC*pFunc;ATL实现的接口类lIDispatchImpllIPersistStreamInit

43、ImpllIConnectionPointContainerImpll举例：举例：template class IDispatchImpl:public T;template class IConnectionPointContainerImpl:public IConnectionPointContainer.;class CMyObject:public IDispatchImpl,public IConnectionPointContainerImpl;真正的ATL对象类l决定这个决定这个COM对象如何被分配，是否被聚合等对象如何被分配，是否被聚合等l区别：区别：线程模型是以每个类为基础

44、的，线程模型是以每个类为基础的，per-class，可以封装到基类中可以封装到基类中对象的生命周期和身份标识是以每个对象实例为基础的，对象的生命周期和身份标识是以每个对象实例为基础的，per-object，要延后到最终的派生类做出决定要延后到最终的派生类做出决定lCComObject类：类：template CComObject:public Base;支持聚合：支持聚合：class CComAggObject;支持聚合：支持聚合：class CComPolyObject;template CComObjectCached:public Base;template CComObjectNoLo

45、ck:public Base;template CComObjectGlobal:public Base;template CComObjectStack:public Base;ATL对象的创建l两个步骤：两个步骤：使用使用CRT的构造器的构造器FinalConstructl对应于对应于FinalConstruct有有FinalReleasel举例：举例：CMyClassFactory:CreateInstance()CComObject*pObj=new CComObject;.pObj-InternalFinalConstructAddRef();HRESULT hr=FinalCons

46、truct();pObj-InternalFinalConstructRelease();ATL Creatorsl每个每个creator类有一个静态类有一个静态CreateInstance函数：函数：HRESULT WINAPI CreateInstance(void*pv,REFIID riid,LPVOID*ppv);l举例：举例：template class CComCreator public:static HRESULT WINAPI CreateInstance(void*pv,REFIID riid,LPVOID*ppv)T*pObj=new T(pv);.pObj-Inter

47、nalFinalConstructAddRef();HRESULT hr=FinalConstruct();pObj-InternalFinalConstructRelease();hr=p-QueryInterface(riid,ppv);ATL Creators(续)l其他的其他的creator类有类有CComCreator2 根据根据pv参数是否为参数是否为null从两个对象类中择一从两个对象类中择一CComFailCreator 假的创建类假的创建类l在在CMyObject类中定义一个类型类中定义一个类型_CreatorClass，例如例如typedef CComCreatorCCom

48、Object _CreatorClass;lCComCoClass定义：定义：templateclass CComCoClass public:template static HRESULT CreateInstance(IUnknown*punkOuter,Q*pp)return T:_CreatorClass:CreateInstance(punkOuter,_uuidof(Q),(void*)pp);聚合情况下对象结构图CMyClassCComObjectRootBaseCComObjectRootExIXxxImplIMyItf1IMyItf2CComContainedObjectCC

49、omXxxThreadModelCComAggObjectIUnknown委托IUnknown非委托IUnknownATL中对象聚合的实现template class CComAggObject:public IUnknown,public CComObjectRootExpublic:STDMETHOD_(ULONG,AddRef)()STDMETHOD_(ULONG,Release)()STDMETHOD(QueryInterface)(REFIID iid,void*ppvObject)CComContainedObject m_contained;非委托IUnknown委托IUnkno

50、wnATL中对象聚合的实现(续)template /Base must be derived from CComObjectRootclass CComContainedObject:public Basepublic:typedef Base _BaseClass;CComContainedObject(void*pv)m_pOuterUnknown=(IUnknown*)pv;STDMETHOD_(ULONG,AddRef)()return OuterAddRef();STDMETHOD_(ULONG,Release)()return OuterRelease();STDMETHOD(Qu