2021年高中英语 Unit 4 Sharing Grammar课件 新人教版选修7.ppt

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1、Revision ofRestrictive Attributive ClausesUnit4Grammar Theyarekindandwarm-heartedpeoplewhocangivetime,energyandtalentstohelpothersinneedandservetheircommunities,expectingnothinginreturn.RiddleWhoarethey?VolunteersDoyouknowXuBenyuwhowasoneofthetenfamouspeoplethatmadethewholenationmovedin2004?Letsshar

2、ehisstoriesbycombiningthesesentences.“我愿做一滴水我愿做一滴水/我知道我知道我很微小我很微小/当爱的阳光照当爱的阳光照射到我身上的时候射到我身上的时候/我愿我愿意无保留地反射给别人。意无保留地反射给别人。”A.XuBenyuisa24-year-oldboy.B.Hisfamilyisverypoor.XuBenyuisa24-year-oldboywhosefamilyisverypoor.A.Whenhewasstillastudent,hebegantosponsorthosestudents.B.B.Thosestudentswerepoorert

3、hanhim.Whenhewasstillastudent,hebegantosponsorthosestudentswhowerepoorerthanhim.A.HearrivedinthepoorvillageinGuizhouProvinceandsawtheCavePrimarySchoolonthatday.B.Hewouldneverforgettheday.HewouldneverforgetthedaywhenhearrivedinthepoorvillageinGuizhouProvinceandsawtheCavePrimarySchool.A.Hetaughtinaver

4、ypoormountainousvillage.B.B.Therewasnowater,noelectricityortelephone.Hetaughtinaverypoormountainousvillagewheretherewasnowater,noelectricityortelephone.A.Hestillwellrememberedthosehappydays.B.Hespentthosehappydaysinsingingandplayinggameswiththestudents.Hestillwellrememberedthosehappydayswhichhespent

5、insingingandplayinggameswiththestudents.A.Atthemeetinghetoldushisstoriesandthereasons.B.Hetolduswhyhecouldovercomeallkindsofdifficultiesandhelpothers.Atthemeetinghetoldushisstoriesandthereasonswhyhecouldovercomeallkindsofdifficultiesandhelpothers.A.XuBenyuistheveryB.kindperson.B.Weshouldlearnfromhim

6、.XuBenyuistheverykindpersonwhomweshouldlearnfrom.从上面对志愿者徐本禹的从上面对志愿者徐本禹的介绍中我们看到，当对所介绍中我们看到，当对所描述的人或事物加以修饰描述的人或事物加以修饰或限定时，定语从句就有或限定时，定语从句就有很大的用处。接下来我们很大的用处。接下来我们就详细的回顾一下定语从就详细的回顾一下定语从句的用法吧！句的用法吧！定语从句的分类定语从句的分类定定语语从从句句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定

7、语从句非限制性定语从句限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是句限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间分，主句和从句之间不用逗号不用逗号隔开隔开非限定性定语从句是对主非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意有这种从句不影响主句意思完整。一般思完整。一般用逗号用逗号把主把主句和从句分开句和从句分开引导词：引导词：who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，等，不用不用that,不能省略不能省略引导词：引导词：关系代词和关系副关系代词和关系

8、副词，作词，作宾语宾语时一些时一些关系代词关系代词可以省略可以省略Revision of Restrictive Attributive Clauses在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。引导定语从句的。引导定语从句的关系代词关系代词有：有：which,that,who,whom,whose和和as。引导定语从句的引导定语从句的关系副词关系副词有：有：where,when,why。1.Anastronautisapersonwhoworksandtravelsinspace.2.Aspac

9、ecraftisavehiclethat/whichcantravelinspace.antecedent 先行词先行词relativepronoun 关系代词关系代词3.Aspacecapsuleisaplacewhereanastronautworks.4.15thOct.2003wasthedaywhenYangLiweienteredouterspacein“ShenzhouV”spaceship.relativeadverb关系副词关系副词antecedent 先行词先行词限制性定语从句的构成限制性定语从句的构成Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetable

10、s.YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.IhavefoundthebookwhichIlost.IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词注意事项注意事项:1.1.从句的位置从句的位置:2.2.翻译方法翻译方法:3.3.构成：构成：先行词之后先行词之后“的的”关系词关系词关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词关系代词 指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose人；物人；物 主语，宾语主语，宾语 作宾语可省作宾语可省物物主语；宾语主语；宾语 作宾语可省作宾语可省人人主语；宾语主语；宾

11、语作宾语可省作宾语可省人人宾语宾语可省可省人；物人；物定语定语不可省不可省关系代词的用法：关系代词的用法：1.作主语用作主语用who,which或或that,如：如：Heisthemanwho/that livesnextdoor.Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftisforShenzhen.2.作宾语用作宾语用whom,who,which,that如：如：Theman(whom/who/that)wehavejustseenisafamouswriter.Whereisthebook(which/that)Iboughtlastweek?注注：在在非非正正式式文文体体

12、中中，用用于于指指人人的的关关系系代代词词who,whom,that通通常常可可以以省省略略,但但在在正正式式文文体体中中通通常常用用who(m),不不可可省省略略；用用于于指指物物的的关关系系代代词词which和和that 在在非非正正式式文文体体中中也也通通常常省省略略，但但在在正正式式文文体体中一般不省略。中一般不省略。3.作定语用作定语用whose如：如：(a)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.(b)ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.注注：“whose+名名词词中中心心词词”这

13、这一一结结构构在在定定语语从从句句中中既既能能作作主主语语（如如上上a句句），又又能能作作宾宾语语（如如上上b句句）。whose的的先先行行词词常常用用来来指指人人，但但有有时时也也可可以以用用来来指指具具体体事事物物或或抽抽象象概念概念,这时可以与这时可以与of which结构互换。结构互换。词序是：词序是：“名词名词+of which”，如：，如：Theycametoahousewhose back wallhad broken down.(=the back wall of which)Heswrittenabook the name of which Ive completely fo

14、rgotten.(=whose name)4.4.作作表表语语只只用用that,它它既既可可以以指指人人，也也可可以指物以指物,但时常省略。例如：但时常省略。例如：Heisnolongertheman that heusedtobe.Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.难点：难点：whosewhoseTheteacherpraisedthestudent.HisEnglishisthebestinourclass.TheteacherpraisedthestudentwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.Jointh

15、efollowingpairofsentences.whose=thestudents关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格Thehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.whose=thehouseswindowThehouseismine.thewindowofwhichisbrokenofwhichthewindowisbroken关系代词的用法练习关系代词的用法练习1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.

16、Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromparentsfarm.4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparentsfarm.Thenoodles(which/tha

17、t)youcookedthemweredelicious.关系副词的用法关系副词的用法指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可是否可省略省略when时间时间状语状语否否where地点地点状语状语否否why原因原因状语状语否否关系副词关系副词1.when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：它的先行词通常有：time,day,morning,night,week,year等。如：等。如：IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirstbecameacollegestudent.DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?关系副词的

18、用法关系副词的用法:注：注：when时常可以省略，特别是在时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：如：Eachtimehe came,hedidhisbesttohelpus.But help never stopped coming fromthedayshe fell ill.2.where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有它的先行词通常有:place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等。如：等。如：Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.

19、Iforgetthehousewhere theSmithslived注：注：where有时也可以省略。如：有时也可以省略。如：Thisistheplace(where)wemetyesterday.3.why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：如：Thatisthereasonwhy heisleavingsosoon.注：注：why时常也可以省略。时常也可以省略。如：如：Thatistherealreason(why)hedidit.使用关系副词应注意下列几点：使用关系副词应注意下列几点：1.这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一这三个关系副词在意义上都相当

20、于一定的定的介词介词+which结构：结构：when=on(in,at,during)+which;where=in(at,on)+which;why=forwhich.IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.2.当当先先行行词词是是表表时时间间的的time,day等等和和表表地地点点的的place,house等等时时，一一定定要要注注意意分分析析从从句句的的结结构构，如如果果缺缺少少主主语语或或宾宾语语时时，关关系系词词应应该该用用which或或

21、that,缺缺少少时时间间状状语语或或地地点点状状语语时时，才才能能用用when或或where，试比较：，试比较：Illneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.Illneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.Hisfatherworksinafactorywhereradiopartsaremade.Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.温馨提示：温馨提示：when和和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，既可以引导限制性

22、定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why只只能引导限制性定语从句。能引导限制性定语从句。关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.ontheday=wheninthehouse=whereforthereasons=why关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词1当先行词是不定代词时当先行词是不定代词时,如如:all,few,l

23、ittle,much,every,something,anything,everything,等。等。2当先行词被当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,little,few,no,any等修饰时。等修饰时。3当人和物合做先行词时。当人和物合做先行词时。只能用只能用that做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况4当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。5在疑问词在疑问词who,which,what开头的句子中。开头的句子中。介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywh

24、ichshelivesisfaraway.toin介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.Arethesetwosentencesright?toin介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin Arethesetwosentencesright?可见可见,who,that不能用于介词之后。不能用于介词之后

25、。介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 4Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.在固定短语中介词不能提前。在固定短语中介词不能提前。下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?1.根据先行词来确定根据先行词来确定Thisisthepotin whichIboiledthemilk.Thisisthepot(which/that)Iboiledthemilkin.介词的确定方法：介词的确定方法：介词介词 +which/whom+which/whom1979wastheyearin w

26、hichmysonwasborn.(=when)Thisistheplacein whichIgrewup.(=where)Thepersonto whomIcomplainedisthemanager.Theperson(who/whom/that)Icomplainedtoisthemanager.2.根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定3.当介词和从句中的动词构成固定词组当介词和从句中的动词构成固定词组时时,介词不能前置介词不能前置Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.1.Ifashopha

27、schairs_womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where解析：答案解析：答案D D 先行词先行词chairschairs在定语从在定语从句中作状语，用句中作状语，用wherewhere。典型题例解析典型题例解析2.Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?Thereisnooneelse_,isthere?A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn解析：答案解析：答案B oneB one是先

28、行词，省略了是先行词，省略了关系代词关系代词thatthat。3.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes_peoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that解析：答案解析：答案A A 该题考查定语从句介词该题考查定语从句介词+关系代词。关系代词。4.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_wevisitedthreemonthsago?A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD

29、.that解析：答案解析：答案C C 先行词先行词farmfarm在从句中作在从句中作visitvisit的宾语。的宾语。5.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers_shehadwipedherhands.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that解析：答案解析：答案A A 先行词先行词her trousersher trousers在定语在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词从句中作状语，故用关系副词wherewhere。6.Isthistheonlyreason_atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thathee

30、xplainedB.whatheexplainedC.whyheexplainedD.whichheexplained解析：答案解析：答案A A 先行词前有先行词前有the only,the the only,the very,the rightvery,the right等修饰时，要用等修饰时，要用 thatthat。1.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity_sightmattersmorethanhearing.(2007天津卷天津卷)A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where2.Today,welldis

31、cussanumberofcases_beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.(2007陕西卷陕西卷)A.whichB.asC.whyD.where3.Wheredidyougettoknowher?Itwasonthefarm_weworked.(2007山东卷山东卷)A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where4.Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.(2008全国卷全国卷II)A.itB.whatC.whichD.that5

32、.Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders_consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.(2008江西卷江西卷)A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which6.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,_NewYorkisanexample.(2008四川卷四川卷)A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich7.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluence

33、dbyanumberoffactors,_arebeyondourcontrol.(2008湖南卷湖南卷)A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat8.Whatdoyouthinkofteaching,Bob?Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob_youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.(2009北京卷北京卷)A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that9.Shellneverforgetherstaythere_shefoundhersonwhohadgo

34、nemissingtwoyearsbefore.(2009四川卷四川卷)A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when10.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity_namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.(2009湖南卷湖南卷)A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose11.Guncontrolisasubject_Americanshavearguedforalongtime.(09陕西卷陕西卷)A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhi

35、chD.intowhich12.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor_dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.(2010北京卷北京卷)A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that13.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanets_lifehasdevelopedgradually.(2010福建卷福建卷)A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose14.Thenewlybuiltcaf,thewallsof_arepaintedlightgreen,

36、isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.(2010江苏卷江苏卷)A.thatB.itC.whatD.which15.Ivebecomegoodfriendwithseveralofthestudentinmyschool_ImeetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.(2010湖南卷湖南卷)A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which1.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthe verything_Iamafter.3.Thisisthe f

37、irstthing_Iwanttosay.4.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_madeothersupset.5.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_sataboy.thatthatthatthat,which,whose,whomorwhowhichwhichFillintheblanks.6.Isthereanythingelse_ youwanttosay?7.Anyperson_ hasthemoneycanjointhegroup.8.Themanto_Ispokeisafamousscientist.9.Theboy_ motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.thatthat whomwhosethat,which,whose,whomorwho