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1、传热学导热理论基础第1页,本讲稿共28页1 Fundamental concepts and Fouriers Law1.1 Fundamental conceptsTemperature field(温度场)Steady-state temperature fieldUnsteady-state temperature fieldOne-dimensional steady-state temperature field第2页,本讲稿共28页Isothermal surface(等温面)Isotherm(等温线)Temperature gradient(温度梯度)Heat flux vect
2、or(热流矢量)第3页,本讲稿共28页第4页,本讲稿共28页1.2 Fouriers Law(付立叶定律)Heat fluxHeat rateHeat flux vector第5页,本讲稿共28页2 Thermal conductivity(热导率)第6页,本讲稿共28页Thermal conductivity of matter第7页,本讲稿共28页Thermal conductivity of gases第8页,本讲稿共28页Thermal conductivity of liquids第9页,本讲稿共28页Thermal conductivity of solids第10页,本讲稿共28
3、页3 导热微分方程 Heat diffusion equation付立叶定律(Fouriers Law)能量守恒定律(The Law of Conservation of Energy)热力学第一定律(The First Law of Thermodynamic)第11页,本讲稿共28页第12页,本讲稿共28页导入微元体的净热流量(d)Net inflow of energy内热源发热量(v)Energy generation of source微元体内能增量(U)Energy storage d+v=U微元体内部能量守恒第13页,本讲稿共28页导热微分方程(Heat diffusion eq
4、uation)第14页,本讲稿共28页热扩散率Thermal diffusivity,m2/s热导率为常数时的导热微分方程第15页,本讲稿共28页无内热源(No energy generation)第16页,本讲稿共28页有内热源稳态温度场 Steady-state conditions with energy generation第17页,本讲稿共28页无内热源稳态温度场 Steady-state conditions with no energy generation第18页,本讲稿共28页第19页,本讲稿共28页圆柱坐标(Cylindrical coordinate)一维稳态(One-d
5、imensional steady-state)第20页,本讲稿共28页第21页,本讲稿共28页球坐标(Spherical coordinate)一维稳态(One-dimensional steady-state)第22页,本讲稿共28页4 导热过程的定解条件 Boundary and Initial Conditions几何条件(Geometrical conditions)物理条件(Physical conditions)时间条件(Time condition,Initial condition)第23页,本讲稿共28页边界条件 Boundary Conditions第一类边界条件(A b
6、oundary condition of the first kind)第二类边界条件(A boundary condition of the second kind)第三类边界条件(A boundary condition of the third kind)第24页,本讲稿共28页 第一类边界条件 (A boundary condition of the first kind)给定物体界面上任何时刻的温度(fixed or constant surface temperature)非稳态导热 边界温度均匀稳态导热 边界温度均匀第25页,本讲稿共28页 第二类边界条件 (A boundary
7、 condition of the second kind)给定物体界面上任何时刻的热流密度分布(fixed or constant surface heat flux)非稳态导热 边界温度均匀稳态导热 边界温度均匀绝热边界条件 Adiabatic or insulated condition第26页,本讲稿共28页 第三类边界条件 (A boundary condition of the third kind)给定物体边界与周围流体间的表面传热系数h及周围流体的温度tf (Convection surface condition)Fouriers LawNewtons Law of CoolingConvection surface condition第27页,本讲稿共28页 第三类边界条件 (A boundary condition of the third kind)当h/s趋于无限大时,由于界面上温度变化率只能是有限值,所以(tw-tf)0,即tw=tf。第第三三类类边边界界条条件件变变为为第第一一类类边边界界条条件。件。当h/s趋于零时,则边界面上温度变化率也为零,即边界面绝热。第第三三类类边边界界条条件件变为第二类边界条件。变为第二类边界条件。第28页,本讲稿共28页
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