Unit1 Living well-Grammar动词不定式.ppt

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1、Unit 1Revise the Infinitive 一一.结构结构:to do;(否定否定)not to do 二二.时态与语态时态与语态 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态 一般式一般式 进行式进行式 完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2).He pretended to be sleeping.(3).She pretended to have kno

2、wn it before.(一般式一般式表示与谓语的动作同时表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎同时几乎同时/发生在发生在它之后它之后.).)(进行式进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时表示在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作不定式的动作也正在进行也正在进行)(完成式完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).Were happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语6.作宾语补足语作宾语

3、补足语4.作定语作定语5.作状语作状语3.作表语作表语7.作独立成分作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用The Infinitivesubjectobjectpredictiveattributeadverbialobject complementTo do that sort of thing is foolish.It is foolish to do that sort of thing.I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is(to)finish it quicklyWe found a house to live

4、in.She came here to study English.I expect you to give me some help.He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.They jumped with joy to hear the news.I find it difficult to understand him.be,become,sound,taste,seem,appearShe seems to be happy.object(宾语宾语):一些动词要用不定式作宾语一些动词要用不定式作宾语,常见的动词有常见的动词有w

5、ant,hope,wish,ask,choose,decide,expect,manage,offer,promise,refuse,seek,try,pretend,learn,afford,need等。等。He hoped/wished/expected to go abroad.He promised to buy me a computer.I find it difficult to understand him.我发现了解他很困难。我发现了解他很困难。不定式短语不定式短语to understand him作真正宾语作真正宾语,it是形式是形式宾语。宾语。He found it im

6、portant to study Russian.The computer makes it possible to calculate faster.句型：句型：think/consider/find/feel/make/it+adj.+to do attribute(定语定语)例例1：Is this the best way to help him?例例2:He is the man to depend on.注意注意:不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有 动宾关系动宾关系;如果不定式是如果不定式是不及物不及物动词动词,则后面需有适当的则后面需有适当的介词介词。不定

7、式及其短语作定语不定式及其短语作定语只能放在名词的后面只能放在名词的后面,以以下名词和句型常用不定式作定语下名词和句型常用不定式作定语,如如:chance,way,opportunity,time,the first,the last,the second,the only等词后等词后,在在have to do和和there be句型中。句型中。e.g.没有人可以照看他没有人可以照看他.There is no one to take care of her.只有五种式样可供选择只有五种式样可供选择.There are only five pairs to choose from.v不定式在以下

8、形容词后不定式在以下形容词后:easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,cheap,expensive,good,nice,safe,dangerous,important,interesting,pleasant,(im)possible,fun等。等。This question is difficult _(answer).Do you think him easy_(work)with?v这时这时用主动形式表被动意思。用主动形式表被动意思。to answerto work adverbial(状语状语):(1)表示目的表示目的【(not)to/(not)in ord

9、er to/so as(not)to】We eat to live and dont live to eat.(2)表示结果表示结果(so/suchas to.,enough to,tooto,only to)他这么傻竟相信了这事。他这么傻竟相信了这事。He was so foolish as to believe it.He was foolish enough to believe it.He is too young to join the army.另外另外only常用在不定式的前面常用在不定式的前面,表示出人意料的结果表示出人意料的结果,如如:We arrived there onl

10、y to find the train gone.He returned home only to find his house broken into.(3)表示原因表示原因:不定式也可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语不定式也可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,说明产说明产生这种情况的原因生这种情况的原因,常见的形容词有常见的形容词有:sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等等 Im glad/pleased to see you.We were sur

11、prised to hear the news.不定式中作结果状语的注意点：不定式中作结果状语的注意点：1）某些形容词在“tooto”结构中表示肯定，这类词是anxious,eager,glad,ready,surprised,willingShe was too surprised to see how angry her father was.2）在not,never,only,all,but等后的”tooto”结构中，”too”的含义为”very”，不定式没有否定含义。Im only too glad to stay at home.Its never too old to learn.

12、The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.引导不定式作宾补的动词：引导不定式作宾补的动词：五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三使三使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉:feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force,expect等等+sb to do sth+sb do sth（省略省略to）I made him do his work.He was made to do h

13、is work(by me).变成被动，被省略的变成被动，被省略的to 要还原。要还原。不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时后时,如果这些介词前如果这些介词前有行为动词有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么那么介词后介词后的不定式的不定式不带不带to,相反则带相反则带to.(1).She could do nothing but cry.(2).I have no choice but to go.Note 1Note 2WB P49EX2to fly 宾语宾语to worry 宾语宾语to attempt 主语主语to do 主语主语to put 表语表语t

14、o complete to plan 表语表语to go 主语主语to help 原因状语原因状语EX31.to tell spending2.to make pressing3.crying to ask to light4.to get sailing几对易混淆的词组：几对易混淆的词组：stop to do sth.stop doing sth.forget to do sth.forget doing sth.remember to do sth.remember doing sth.go on to dogo on doingregret to do sthregret doing s

15、thtry to do sthtry doing sth停下来停下来去做另一件事去做另一件事停止做停止做忘记去做（没做）忘记去做（没做）忘记忘记做了做了记得去做记得去做记得做过记得做过继续做另一件事继续做另一件事继续做原来在做的事继续做原来在做的事很遗憾要去做某事（没做）很遗憾要去做某事（没做）后悔后悔做了做了某事某事努力做某事努力做某事尝试做某事尝试做某事WB P49EX11.我忘了让您去社区服务中心了。I forgot to ask you to go to the community service center.2.在检查机器之前关掉电源是很重要的。It is very importa

16、nt to turn off the electricity before you check the machine.3.我不知道哪儿能找到这种纽扣。I dont know where to find such a kind of button.4.幸运的是，我们没有更多的活儿要做。Luckily,we dont have much more work to do.5.海伦很高兴到过到过中国20多个省、市。Helen is very pleased to have travelled in more than 20 provinces and cities in China.6.她事业有成，

17、现在最大的愿望就是结婚生子。She has been very successful in her work,and now her greatest wish is to get married and have some children.homework1.SB P5 1，2，32.金榜金榜P11 (句型转换句型转换不做不做)3.课时训练课时训练P77 To tell the truth,I am not happy at the moment.(7).独立结构独立结构to be frank,to speak franklyto be honest,to tell the truth，t

18、o begin withto put it brieflyHe didnt know _.(8).与疑问词等连与疑问词等连用用what to say不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what who,which,when,how,what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.(宾语宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.(主语主语)My question is when to start.(表

19、语表语)注意：注意：在与在与whywhy连用时，只用于连用时，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头的简开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带toto。Why not have a rest?(9)不定式的省略不定式的省略 (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词.e.g.:Would you like to go with me?Id like to.(2).不定式是不定式是to be或或to have done 结构结构,be，have 不可省不可省.-Would you li

20、ke to be a teacher?-Id like to be.Hasnt he finished writing the report?No,but he ought to have.Marty says2.I have learned to adapt to my disability.3.I used to climb trees and swim and play football.4.Then I started to get weaker and weaker.1.The doctors dont know so they dont know how to make me we

21、ll.Marty says5.Even after all the tests,no one couldgive my disease a name,so it is difficultto know what the future will be like.6.Sometimes,I am too weak to go to school.7.My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up.8.Last year I inventedand a big company has decided to buy it f

22、rom me.Marty says9.I have a lot of study to do as well,especially after I have been sick for a while.10.I have had to work hard to live a normal life,but it has been worth it.11.If I had the chance to say one thing to healthy kids,it would be this:12.Just accept them for who they are and give them e

23、ncouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.介词介词1.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating2.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gon

24、e3.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented4.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking5._ late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.S

25、leep D.Having sleep6.The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not to make7.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning9.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.n

26、ot to ride D.do not to10.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to study B.C.to be studying D.to have been studying11.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make B.C.not making D.dont make12.Ive w

27、orked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect B.C.to be expecting D.expects13.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.see14.It is said in Australia there is more land tha

28、n the government knows _.A.it what to do with B.what to do with it B.C.what to do it with D.to do what with it I want to tell you something Hi,I want to tell you something.I will go to Ruian for shopping this afternoon.Do you want to go with me?First,Id like to go to KaiTai store.But to be frank,mos

29、t of time I am there only to do some window shopping,because everything is expensive.Then,I plan to go to HongQiao road to buy some clothes.I like to try the new fashion style of this season.By the way,do you know anything to entertain us?If so,I cant wait to have a try!Why not come and join me?I want to tell you something.Make up a short passage using the infinitiveHomework:Revise the infinitiveReread the text in unit 1