专项复习-非谓语动词之不定式讲解和练习--牛津上海版九年级英语下册.docx

《专项复习-非谓语动词之不定式讲解和练习--牛津上海版九年级英语下册.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专项复习-非谓语动词之不定式讲解和练习--牛津上海版九年级英语下册.docx（7页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、9B语法知识拓展2非谓语动词之动词不定式I. 动词不定式基本概述 具有名词、形容词和副词的特征:可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。 动词不定式的形式:to do (主动一般现在时) to be done (被动一般现在时)to be doing (主动+进行) 强调两个动作同时发生 to have done (主动完成)to have been done (被动完成) 注意: 1. 表示否定时，否定词放在整个动词不定式之前，即never to do。2. 有些情况下，动词不定式的“to”必须省略。类别例句句中功能不定式Learning/ To learn English take

2、s a lot of work.It takes a lot of work to learn English.动名词和不定式在一些情况下可替换。动名词强调泛指，不定式强调特指。主语The important thing is to save lives trapped in the mine.表语He pretended to be doing his homework when his mother came in.宾语The next train to arrive was from New York. 主谓关系He gave the order to start the attack.

3、 同位关系定语She is glad to play with the child. 原因状语He cupped his ear to hear / in order to hear/ so as to hear better. 目的In 1980 he left his hometown never to return. 结果Scientists advise us to have a balanced diet.补语主动：宾补被动：主补We saw him enter the hall. He was seen to enter the hallTo begin with, I do no

4、t like its color.独立结构 II. 动词不定式具体用法1. 作主语To improve the traffic in Shanghai is a must. (must n. 必须要做的事 c)How to solve the problem will be discussed at the meeting.句型：It is + n. / adj. + for/ of sb. to do sth. It is a(n) pleasure/ pity/ honor to do sth.It is important / possible/ necessary/ convenien

5、t/ inevitable/ urgent + (for sb. ) to do sth.It is kind/ generous/courageous/brave/ right / wrong/ wise/ sensible/ foolish+ (of sb.) to do sth.It is a pity for the company to have lost such a rare opportunity to promote the sales.Is it convenient for you to commute to the workplace when you live in

6、the suburb?It is courageous of a young girl to take on the burden of feeding the whole family.2. 作宾语动宾1) 下列动词加to do做宾语: afford/ agree/ refuse/ intend/ attempt/ choose / decide/ determine/demand/fail/tend /offer/plan/pretend/threaten/ manage/expect/remain etc.He threatened to expose the secret to the

7、 public.In summer holiday, many students choose to stay at home, watching TV or playing video games.2) 在下列及物动词后一般可跟“疑问词+动词不定式”：advise, ask, decide, find out, instruct, know, forget, imagine, learn, observe, remember, tell, think, understand, wonder, etc.I dont know what to do.The children are learni

8、ng how to play the game.3) 句型: consider / find / think / make it + adj.+for sb. + to do sth. Ive made it a rule to make the best use of every minute.Television makes it possible to get non-stop entertainment at home.4) 不定式作宾语时，可以用to或者to be代替整个短语，起到省略作用。- Ill be away on business. Would you mind looki

9、ng after my cat? - I will be glad to.- Are you keen on pop culture? - Not really. But I used to be.介宾介词but, except后可跟不定式作宾语，有时必须省”to”Seeing the room crowded, I had no choice / no alternative but to stand in the back.I could do nothing but stand in the back.cant but do sth. / cant choose but do sth.

10、/ cant help but do 不得不做.I couldnt choose but admire his ability to foresee what is likely to happen. 3. 作表语1) 在be动词后面，表示尚未做的事情。My mission / hope / aim / proposal / intention is to do sth.All I did was to give him a little push.The highway leading to the neighboring province is to be opened to traffi

11、c soon.2) 系动词 appear / seem / prove / turn out to do .The experiment turned out to be a failure.4. 作定语1) 用尚未发生的动作对名词进行修饰与限定We will discuss the project at the meeting to be held this afternoon.The tunnel to be opened next month will greatly ease the congestion in peak hours.2) 如果所修饰的名词中含有序数词，用动词不定式作定

12、语。Madam Curie was the first woman to teach in university in Europe.3) 表示存在.事情要做: have sth to do; there be sth to doEveryone has a role to play in society.The doctor will have a patient to operate on tomorrow.Thereare5pairsofpantsforyoutochoosefrom.4) 修饰名词，表示其功能、作用watertodrink饮用水;amantosendtheletter送

13、信人Weneedabigroomtostorethesebooksin .=Weneedabigroominwhichtostorebooks .Heisanicecompaniontotravelwith .Heisanicecompanionwithwhomtotravel .Heisshortofevidencetobasehisconclusionon.Heisshortofevidenceonwhichtobasehisconclusion .5) 动词、名词同源关系 ；如果同源动词加不定式作宾语 ，那么它的同源名词形式也加不定式作定语。onespromise/plan/refusa

14、l/ability/ambition/attempt/decision/eagerness/failure/offer/readiness/willingness.todosthIhavemadeapromisetolend him the moneyandIcantbreakit. Hisabilitytodetectcrucialclueswasimpressive.5.作状语动词不定式作目的、结果及原因状语。动词不定式作状语时，其想语必须与句主语保持一致目的状语:to do./inordertodo./soastodo. Hesetsasidesomemoneyeverymonthino

15、rdertohelptheelderly . Inordernottomissthedue,hehadtostayuplatetowritethetermpaper .注意:soas todo.不放句首结果状语:tooto do ;enoughtodo. ; so /such astodo;only todo ,nevertodo.，再也没Heistoocarelesstonoticethatspellingmistake.Wouldyousokindastotellmethewaytothepostoffice?Hehurriedthere,onlytobetoldthetrainhadgo

16、ne6.作补语: 1)challenge/cause/persuade/advise/force/order/lead/encourage/consider/allow/permitforbid+sb/sth+todo注意:1.hope, demand无此用法 2. 与advisedoing/permitdoing/allowdoing/forbiddoing/considerdoing的区别Greed for money led him to go astray .Theterroristattackcausedhundredsofinnocentstudentstolosetheirliv

17、es.2) arrange for/wait for/rely on/depend on/count on/call on/appeal to sb. to do sth.Dont worry! I will arrange for a dentist to have your teeth examined right now.We depend on a variety of natural forces, such as solar energy, to survive.3) be said / believed / reported / announced / thought / fou

18、nd / expected + to do= It is said / believed / reported / announced / thought / found / expected that + 句子This infectious disease is said to have been wiped out many years ago.= It is said that this infectious disease was wiped out many years ago.4) 感官类动词：see / watch / observe / notice / witness / h

19、ear / listen to.+宾语+省略 “to” 的不定式，表示主动和动作全过程。The students observed the chemistry teacher conduct the experiment.5) make / have / let+宾语+省略“to”的不定式，表示让某人、某物做某事，主动。You can lead a horse to the water, but cant make it drink.注意；第4，5两种情况中，一旦谓语动词是被动，省略“to”的不定式要还原。He was made to apologize in public, though h

20、e shouldnt be taken responsible.He was seen to enter the building.7. 独立主格结构独立主格结构的效果相当于状语。但是逻辑主语与句子主语可以不一致。1) 固定短语：to be sure / to be frank / to tell the truth / to be precise / to be exact / to be fair / to begin with / to start withto sum up / to be short / to return to the topic / to make the mat

21、ters worseHe overslept that morning, to make the matters worse, the subway he took was out of order and was closed.To tell the truth, the product doesnt function as well as it is advertised.2) with+宾语+to do有.要做（尚未发生）With the tough problem to deal with, I was under great pressure.8. 要点补充1) 动词不定式在下列情况

22、省略“to”l help sb. (to) do sthl why not do sthl cant but do / cant choose but do / cant help but do l 介词but, except 后面加宾语时，前面有do, 后面无to。l make / have / let sb. / sth dol 感官动词+sb. / sth. + do sth.l would rather do sth.l rather than do sth.l rather than so sth.l had better do sth / Better do sth.l It is

23、 better to do sth.动词不定式的时态与语态动河不定式的时态其实是与谓语动词做时间上的比较。 动词不定式的一般式: 表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生或将在其后发生的。They are learning to sing and dance. 动不定式的进行式: 表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生,而且正在进行中。The weather seems to be improving. 动词不定式的完定成式: 表示的动作发生在谓语的动作之前。He pretended not to have seen me when passing by yesterday. 动词不定式的被动式:I

24、felt a little bit puzzled to be asked such a question.I wish to be excused.This book is intended to be read but not to be stored away.3) 不用被动的情况: sb. be to blame for . 某人应该为某事而负责= blame sb. for Speaking of the spoiled child , her father is to blame. 当作表语的某些形容词被动词不定式修饰时,动词不定式与句子主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系,动词不定式可

25、以用主动式代替被动式。fine, hard heavy, important, nice, painful, pleasant, possible, safe, simple, strange, difficult, easy. expensive, dangerous, convenient.This problem is difficult to solve.That book is easy to read.动词不定式练习1. Helen had to shout _ above the sound or the music.A. making herself hearB. to mak

26、e herself hearC. making herselfD. to make herself heard2. You were silly not _ your car.A. to lockB. to have locked C. locking D. having locked3. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me taking B. me takingC. for me to take D. me to take4. I dont know whether yo

27、u happen _ that I m going to study in the USA this September.A. to be heardB. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be told C. telling D.told6. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week

28、, better _ it - youve got some big bills coming.A. forgetB. forgotC. forgetting D. to forget7. The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat .A. causeB. being causedC. to be caused D. to have8. Robert is said _, but I dont know what country he

29、studied in.A. to have studied B. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studying9. Ive worked with child before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expectedB. to expectC. to be expectingD. expect10. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy

30、it.A. to seeB. to be seen C. seeingD. seen11. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with it12. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to s

31、mokeD. smoked13. With the plans she has considered _, she will have no time to enjoy her Christmas holiday.A. carrying outB. to carry outC. carried outD. carry out14. That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _ the police.A. called inB. calling inC. to call inD. call in15. David threaten

32、ed _ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.A. to be reportedB. reportingC. to reportD. having reported16. _ as a candidate for the post of school principal, one must have at least five years of teaching experience.A. ConsideredB. To be consideredC. ConsideringD. Having considered17

33、. It is the greatest happiness on earth _.A. loving and to be lovedB. to love and being lovedC. to love and to be lovedD. love and be loved18. Now we could not do anything but _ for him here.A. waitedB. waitingC. to waitD. wait19. I dont know her and I dont _.A. wantB. want toC. want itD. to want20.

34、 Why was the official meeting held? _ new officers.A. SelectB. SelectingC. To selectD. For selecting21. To learn to speak English well, _.A. much practice is neededB. one needs much practiceC. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice22. Tom kept quiet about accident _ lose his j

35、ob.A. so not as to B. so as not toC. so as to notD. not so as to23. Sorry, I dont have the key _.A. to open the doorB. which to open the door withC. for opening the doorD. with which to open the door24. With all the repairs and construction _ in five years , Pudong Main Road will be able to handle much more traffic than it is now.A. to completeB. completedC. completeD. completing1-5 DBDDB 6-9ACAB 10-15 BCBBCC 16-20 BCDBC 21-24 BBDA7学科网（北京）股份有限公司