高考英语语法专项讲义：虚拟语气难点精讲.docx

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1、高考英语语法专项讲义：虚拟语气难点精讲简明概述：虚拟语气是指说话人讲话的内容与现实或事实相反，是一种主观假想的情况。时态：可表示过去、现在和将来，特征是时态相应退后。1. 与现在事实相反的主观假设：条件从句主句一般现在时 改为一般过去时注：be动词一律改为wereshould/would/could/might + 动词原形例句：If therewerean English dictionary, wecouldconsult it for this difficult word.If my bigger brotherwerehere, hewoulddo us a favor to mov

2、e the heavy box.2. 与过去事实相反的主观假设：条件从句主句一般过去时 改为过去完成时should/would/could/might + have + 过去分词例句：If hehadstudiedmore diligently, hewould have passedthe exam undoubtedly.If my favorite teacherhad been hereyesterday,Iwould have paidmore attention to the lesson.If the childhad beenmore careful, hewould not

3、have madesuch a foolish mistake.3. 与将来事实相反的主观假设：条件从句主句一般过去时注：be动词一律改为wereshould/would/could/might + 动词原形were + to do sthshould + 动词原形例句：If youmadegreat progress in the near future, youshouldnot forget your teachers.If youwere tomake great progress in the near future, youshouldnot forget your teacher

4、s.If youshouldmake great progress in the near future, youshouldbe grateful to your teachers.混合条件句：主句和条件从句所发生的时间点不一致，这个时候就需要根据各自的时态进行倒退来做相应修改。例句：If youhad finishedyour homework by yourself yesterday（过去）, youwould notcopy others answers in a hurry（现在）.If youhad askedyour mother how to cook last week（过

5、去）, youwouldknow clearly each cooking step of the dish（现在）.虚拟语气的倒装如果从句中有were，should，had，则需要倒装。倒装方法：将if省略，再把were，should，had挪到从句的句首。注：如果从句中没有were，should，had，则不能省略if，也不可倒装。例句：原句：If mybiggerbrotherwerehere, he wouldhelp usto move the heavy box.倒装：Weremybiggerbrother here, he wouldhelp usto move the heav

6、y box.原句：If the childhadbeen more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake.倒装：Hadthe child been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake.原句：If youshouldmake great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.倒装：Shouldyou make great progress in

7、 the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.虚拟语气词：should很简单，三种形式（1）It is suggested/requested/ordered, etc.（具有命令，建议，要求等口吻的动词过去分词） + that sb should （should可省略） do （动词原形） sth.注：这类动词还可以有其他三种从句形式来代替。例如：原句：It is suggested that students (should) use dictionary in exam.宾语从句：I suggest that stud

8、ents (should) use dictionary in exam.表语从句：My suggestion is that students (should) use dictionary in exam.同位语从句：Iprovided a suggestion that students (should) use dictionary in exam.（2）It is necessary/important/indispensable, etc. （带有主观色彩的形容词）+ that sb (should) do sth.（3）It is a pity/a shame, etc. （名词

9、性词组）+ that sb (should) do sth.虚拟语气特殊句型：It is high （high可省略） time that该是的时候了“that”从句动词可以用（1）过去时（2）should（不能省略）+ 动词原形例句：It is (high) time that weshoulddraw up a contract.It is (high) time that we drew up acontract.（草拟合同）含蓄虚拟语气除了常规的连词if以外，还可以借助其他介词、介词词组、句子来引导虚拟语气从句。1. Without “要是没有”例句：Withoutthe rescue

10、 of firefighters timely, our lives would not have been saved.2. But for “要不是”例句：But foryour professional help,Icould not have achieved such a big progress inmedical community.3. Under“在某种情况下”例句：Under such circumstances, the criminal would not have perpetrated acts of violence upon children.4. With“有

11、的前提下”例句：Withthe data collected one month earlier, we could finish the project more efficiently.5. In the absence of“如果没有”例句：In the absence oflaw, women would continue to lack their rights to vote ontheirown.6. Otherwise “否则”例句：Wedidntknow his educationalbackgroundand achievement in this field,otherw

12、isewe would have fired him.7. If it were not for“要不是 （用于现在的情况）”例句：If it were not forthe brilliant guidance ofthe Communist Party of China, we could not lead a happy life.8. If it had not been for“要不是 （用于过去/已经发生的情况）”例句：If it had not been formy illness,Iwould have attended this important meeting last

13、Monday.倒装：Had it not been formy illness,Iwould have attended this important meeting last Monday.9. as if/as though“好像似的”按照具体的语境，既可以用虚拟语气（表示与实际情况相反、主观臆断）、也可以用陈述语气（表示实现的可能性较大或所说情况即是事实）例句：Time can take away our happinessandsadnessas if/thoughitwasendowed with magic power.（与现在事实相反的虚拟语气）Myteacherhas cont

14、ributed herself a lotas if/thoughshewasa candle, which lights othersandconsumes itself.（与现在事实相反的虚拟语气）The studentstudiedindustriouslyas if/thoughhehad never felttiredandexhausted.（与过去事实相反的虚拟语气）The boy still stays calmas if/thoughhehas knownthe beginning and the endof the matteralready.（就是事实，按实际的时态即可）学科网（北京）股份有限公司