高考英语语法专项讲义：名词性从句难点精讲.docx

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1、高考英语语法专项讲义：名词性从句难点精讲简明概述：名词性从句在句中相当于名词词组/成分。由于它在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此名词性从句（总称）又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。引导名词性从句的连接词重点概括如下：1. 连接词：that, whether, if （只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不作任何成分）注：that-从句作主语时，常用it作先行词放在句首作为形式主语，而将that-从句放在句末，避免头重脚轻。1. It is necessary (a.) that2. It is known -ed分词 that3. It is a pity (n

2、.) that4. It seems (vi.) that2. 连接代词：what (whatever), who (whoever), whom, whose, which (whichever)3. 连接副词：when, where, why, how注：连接代词和连接副词作主语时，也常用it作先行词放在句首作为形式主语。例句：Itis doubtfulwhyhis parents are determined sopersistentlyto send the young boy abroad for further study.Ithas not been decided yetwho

3、will take the responsibility to negotiate with the government.注（1）：引导主语从句的连接词不可省略例句：Thatthe candidate was selected as the Party Chairman made us excited.注（2）：引导同位语从句的连接词不可省略例句：We worried aboutthe forecastthatthere would be only a few affordable apartments prepared forblue-collar workersin tier-one c

4、ities（一线城市）in the following three years.注（3）：表示“是否”的时候，只用whether不用if的情况1.后有“or not”例句：It is unknown to allwhetherthe new policy can improve the standard of peoples livesor not.2. 引导表语从句例句：The keynote iswhetherchildrens safety can be guaranteed.3. 引导主语从句并在句首例句：Whetherthe experiment could be conducted

5、 (or not) remained unknown to the students.4.作介词宾语例句：The childisfearful ofwhetheranother war will break out at any moment.六、倒装简明概述：倒装句由全部倒装和部分倒装组成。全部倒装是把句中的谓语部分全部挪到主语前面，时态通常是一般现在时和一般过去时；部分倒装则是将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词倒装于主语之前。如果谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需要我们帮助补充助动词，如do，does，did，并将它们放在主语的前面。全部倒装（时态通常是一般现在时和一般过去时）：A.句中如有副

6、词here, there, now, then, away, hence, thus, etc.位于句首，谓语动词为come, go, be, stand, fall, lie, etc.典型例句：Awayran the child.Therelives a tiger.Hereis your money.B. 表示方位/运动方向的副词（如in, out, away, off, up, down, etc.）位于句首，谓语表示运动的动词（如come, go, jump, run, swim, stand, rush, etc.）。例句：Awayswam a whale.C.地点状语位于句首例句

7、：Under the treerested an old lady.D.There be句型例句：There is（注意主谓一致）a radio, twotelevisionsetsandten chairs in this room.Therearemany TV programs in prime time（黄金时间段）.注：全部倒装只有在主语是名词的前提下才能全部倒装，如果主语是人称代词则不能全部倒装。对比例句：Awayran the child.Awayheran.Therelives a tiger.Thereitlives.部分倒装：A.句首有否定或半否定的词语（注：如果否定词不在

8、句首，则不需要倒装），Eg:No, Not, None, Nobody, Nowhere, Never, Little, Few, Seldom, Hardly, At no time, In no way, Not until, Not onlybut also, Hardlywhen, Scarcelywhen, Nosoonerthan, etc.例句：Nowherecan you find a place better than your home.In no waycouldyou destroy theincontrovertibleevidence.At no timecan a

9、 country use force towards a vulnerable group.NeverhaveIscolded my child even if he has made any mistakes.重点：Not until总结：主句倒装，从句不倒装；否定词不在句首不需倒装例句对比：Not untilthat time（名词短语）didIknow why she chose to leave me without any hesitation.=Ididntknow why she chose to leave me without any hesitationuntilthat

10、time.Not untilthe childmade a full recovery from theheartoperation（从句）did his father go abroad on business.= The fatherdidntgo abroad on businessuntilthe child made a full recovery from the heart operation.重点：Not onlybut also1.Not only A but also B，若A和B是名词性短语，则不需要倒装例句：Not onlystudentsbut alsoteacher

11、sshould keep studying continuouslyandabsorb new knowledge tobroadentheir minds.2.Not only A but also B，若A和B都是分句的话，则A倒装，B不倒装。对比例句：Not onlyshould we reconstruct economy,but alsocreate more positions for the unemployed.We shouldnot onlyreconstruct economy,but alsocreate more positions for the unemploye

12、d.重点：Hardlywhen; Scarcelywhen; No soonerthan对比例句（注意时态：前过完后过去时）：Hardlyhad Ileft homewhenmy dog barked.I hadhardlyleft homewhenmy dog barked.Scarcelyhad we goneoutof the classroomwhenit began to rain.We hadscarcelygone out of the classroomwhenit began to rain.No soonerhad the Chairmandeclared the resu

13、lt of thecontestthanthecontestantshivered with excitement.The Chairman hadno soonerdeclared the result of the contestthanthecontestantshivered with excitement.B.Only 位于句首要部分倒装1.Onlyby this means/in this way（短语）can you notice the importance of efficient study methods.2.Onlyafter making the same mista

14、ke twice（从句）will he learn a lesson.（主句部分倒装，从句不倒装）C.Sothat句型中若so位于句首，则需要部分倒装例句：Soangry was the boythathe decided to break off friendly relations with his friends（断绝友谊）.D.May在表示祝愿的句子中位于句首，要部分倒装例句：MayGod bless you!Maythis transportation handbook help you to travel in Singapore.E.虚拟语气的倒装如果从句中有were，should，had，就需要部分倒装。将if省略，再把were，should，had挪到从句的句首。学科网（北京）股份有限公司