高考英语语法专项讲义：主谓一致难点精讲.docx

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1、高考英语语法专项讲义：主谓一致难点精讲简明概述：主谓一致即主语与谓语在语法单复数形式上保持一致。本章节重点罗列了高考中经常会考到且常出现的几种易错难点以供大家参考、复习。以“s”结尾的书名、杂志名、国家名、组织名，虽然字面上是“复数”形式，但其实只能作为一个独立的个/整体。所以作主语时，谓语动词要为单数。典型例句：The United Stateshas50 states.The Forbes（福布斯杂志）wasfounded in 1917.The United Nationshastaken steps toamelioratethis situation.并列结构作主语例句对比：Stud

2、yingandworkingareboth indispensableandshould be balanced evenly. （当A和B分别指两个不同概念的时候，谓语要用复数）The diplomatanduniversity professorhastaught me a lot. （当A和B由and连接，A前有“the”，B前却无定冠词时，两者表示指代的为同一人或事物，谓语需用单数）就近原则：There be“There be”中“be”的单复数取决于最靠近它的名词。比较例句：Therearetwotables, one chair left in that classroom.The

3、reisonechairandtwo tables left in that classroom.Thereisoneor two thingsIdlike to share with you now.就近原则：eitheror; neithernor; A or B; 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数由最靠近它的主语决定对比例句：Either you orthat boyisto be punished.Neither that boy noryouareto be punished.就近原则：not onlybut also对比例句：Not only you but alsothat gi

4、rlwantsthe toy.Not only you but alsoIamkeen on jazz music.就近原则：Here对比例句：Hereisone penandtwo drawings on the desk.Herearetwo drawingsandone pen on the desk.就近原则：notbut“不是而是”例句：Not the subject teacher butthecolorfultextbookswhetmy appetite for more study.谓语单数：none of + 可数名词/不可数名词 + V单neither of + 可数名词

5、/不可数名词 + V单either of + 可数名词/不可数名词 + V单注：在口语中有时上述三种情况也可以用V复（但只是在后跟可数名词的时候），但是考点大部分是以考查V单为重点总结：none of + 可数名词+ V单/复neither of + 可数名词+ V单/复either of + 可数名词+ V单/复例句：None ofriceisto be wasted.Neither ofthe two hotelsboasts/boasta swimming pool.Either ofyoutakes/takethe responsibility to clean the oven.就远

6、原则：with, along with, together with, like, except, but, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to, as much as, rather than, etc.例句：Her bodyexcept her feethasbeen recovered from the accident.The two boysrather than that girlweregivingan instrumental performancejust now.A good attitudetogethe

7、r with superiorEnglish-speaking skillsleadsto the success of thecompetition.Experienced health-care professionalsin addition to state-of-the-art facilitiesguaranteethe highqualityof the hospital.谓语单数：主语由every, each, some, no, any, no one, one, thing等构成的复合代词例句：Eachof usenjoysthe fashion show.He felt

8、thatsomethingstrangewasleaning towards him.谓语单数：表示距离，金钱，时间，度量的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看做一个整体，因此谓语要用单数形式例句：Anothertwo hoursisenough to get fully prepared for the contest.Twocentimeterswaspermitted for average error of manufacturing this kind of machine in ancient times.看具体情况而定：如果名词单复数同型，就要根据语境中的实际意义及修饰这些词的词来

9、确定其谓语形式。这些词如：aircraft, species, series, deer, fish, sheep, headquarters, means, etc.例句：Manypossiblemeanshavebeen tried to settle the dispute.Eachaircraftisequipped with the most advanced technology.（根据所修饰的词each来判断）Sheepareraisedfor their wool and meat.（按语境中的含义）看具体情况而定：some, all, most, any, half, eno

10、ugh, the rest, the remainder, etc. 和疑问代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever, whichever, etc. 的谓语单复数由其指代的词的含义来决定。例句：Whoareshouting there?Whateverwasthe matter?Six students went abroad for further education from the key high school, butmostarejunior students.Rice flour is one of the ingredients to mak

11、e the cake andmostischeap.看具体情况而定：集合名词的谓语单复数要根据所代表的含义来决定。这些词有：family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee, army, club, couple, enemy, group, government, jury, party, personnel, staff, team, union, etc. 当它们表示一个整体的概念时，谓语用单数形式；当表示集体中的每一个成员时，谓语则用复数形式。例句：Herfamilyarehappy to help others.（她家庭

12、中的每一个成员）Thejuryismade up of twelve people.（陪审团作为一个整体的概念）谓语复数：集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry, folk, youth在任何情况下都用复数形式。例句：Thepoliceareon the scene（在现场）.Peopleleada safeandhappy life in Canada due to sound lawandorder.谓语单数：the number of + 名词复数 + V单an amount of + 不可数名词 + V单a quantity of + 不可数名词 + V

13、单谓语复数：a number of + 名词复数 + V复amounts of + 不可数名词 + V复quantities of + 不可数名词 + V复就近原则：half of, part of, most of, a portion of等词的谓语单复数通常与of后面的名/代词保持一致。例句：A portion ofseafoodwasreserved for him.Most ofteenagerstendto spend money like water.Part ofher timeisprepared for taking care of her children.谓语单数：Ma

14、ny a + 名词单数 + V单例句：Manya pageof the dictionaryhascurled up from constantandneglectful use.谓语单数：More than one + 名词单数 + V单例句：Thereismore thanone oil-producing countrythreatening to cut off supplies to Japan.More thanone chapterisbrought to our attention when it comes to Africanliterature.谓语复数：以“s”结尾表示

15、群岛，瀑布，山脉等专有名词的谓语要用复数形式。例句：The Alps（阿尔卑斯山脉）providea perfect scenery.谓语复数：在表示姓氏的专有名词前加the，词尾加-s，表示一家人时，谓语要用复数例句：The Smithsarevery nice and will take care of my dog whenIspend my holidays in foreign countries.谓语单数：以“-ics”结尾的表示学科或疾病的名词作主语时，谓语要用单数。这些词如：linguistics, politics, mathematics,statistics, optic

16、s, economics, physics, electronics, acoustics, mumps（腮腺炎）, measles（麻疹）, etc.注：如果这些名词表示的是具体的观点、数据、实践活动或性能现象时，谓语要用复数。对比例句：Measlesisknown asan infectious illness.Politicsisa subject.（政治学）Hispoliticspoint outthat he will have to use force inthe worst-case scenario.（政治观点）Statisticsisone of my majors in u

17、niversity.（统计学）Statisticsshowthat the number of homeless people is increasingly expanding in this region.（统计数据）谓语复数：the + (a.) 指代一类人例句：The oldneedmore free public health-care services provided from the administration.注：但是当根据上下文语境，the + (a.)指个人时，谓语要用单数形式例句：The accusedwassentenced tofourteen yearsof i

18、mprisonment.谓语单数：the + (a.) 表示某类事物例句：The beautifulmakesus feel better when in the face of pressure.谓语单数：动名词和不定式由“and”连接，指同一概念或事情时，谓语用单数；若指不同概念的两件事时，则用复数例句：Weepingandwailingisuseless to solve any problems.Reading detective novelsandplaying the pianoaremyfavoritehobbies.谓语复数：分数或百分数 + of + N复V复谓语单数：分数或

19、百分数 + of + N单/不可数V单谓语复数：and/bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时（不同概念），V复例句：Workandrelaxationareregarded as two importantingredientsin our daily lives.注：但是如果指同一事件或同一概念时，用V单这些词组有时是固定的，如：love and hate 爱与恨law and order 法律和秩序warandpeace 战争与和平whiskyandsoda 威士忌加苏打ham and eggs 火腿鸡蛋knife and fork 刀叉wheel and axle 轮轴needle and thread 针线例句：Whiskyandsodatastesgood.Warand peaceappearsfrequently in worldwide literature.谓语一定用单数的其他词组还有：Eachandeach+ V单Everyandevery+ V单Noandno+ V单数学加法、乘法作主语时，谓语单复数都可；减法和除法作主语时，谓语则用单数形式对比例句：4plus6equal(s)10.4times6is/are24.20minus6leaves14.20divided by2is10.学科网（北京）股份有限公司