高考英语语法：5类形容词用法区别讲义.docx

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1、高中英语语法：5类形容词用法区别一、形容词various与different的用法区别1.different表示“不同的”，指的可能是种类不同、不相像、不一样、不是同一个等，强调“异”。如：Mary and Jane are quite different.玛丽与简大不一样。This book is different from that one.这本书与那本书不一样。This is not what I want; I want a different one.我要的不是这个，我要一个不同的。2.various表示“各种各样的”“各不相同的”等，主要指彼此不同且种类繁多，强调“异”而“多”。

2、如：There arevariousways of cooking an egg.鸡蛋有各种各样的煮法。Theres been snow today in various parts of the country.今天全国各地都下了雪。比较：He gave various reasons (= a number of different reasons) for being late.他为自己的迟到举出了种种理由。This time he gavedifferentreasons (= not the same as last time) for his being late.这次他为自己的迟

3、到举出了不同的理由。注：由于various不仅强调“异”而且强调“多”，所以其后接的名词通常用复数；而different强调的只是“异”而不是“多”，所以其后的名词可以是单数或复数。二、形容词thankful与grateful的区别1.thankful表示感谢时，其对象较为抽象，含有感谢上帝、运气、命运等意味，有类似于汉语的谢天谢地之意。主要用于表示人们因避开了危险或结束了不愉快的经历等的宽慰心情。如：Im thankful to know that hes safe.得知他很安全，我感到很欣慰。Imthankfulthat we got home before the storm start

4、ed.谢天谢地，我们在暴风雨来临前到了家。2.grateful表示感谢时，其对象比较具体，它主要用于人们在得到好处、恩惠、善待等情况下表达的感激之情。如：Im verygrateful(to you) for all your help.非常感谢你的一切帮助。I am grateful to hear you have put in a good word for my son.听说你替我儿子美言，我很感激。三、形容词real与true的区别1.两者表示“真的”“真正的”，有时可换用。如：That is not his real true name.那不是他的真实名字。John found t

5、he real true solution to the problem.约翰找到了问题的真正答案。Let me know the real true state of affairs.请把真情告诉我们。2.两者细微差别主要在于：real表示的“真”，是相对想象、错觉、幻觉、伪造等而言的，是指现象与事实的一致性；而true表示“真”，主要指符合特定的标准。比较：Its a real man, not a robot.那是真人，不是机器人。Hes a true man, not a coward.他是真正男子汉，不是懦夫。Hes nota real friend.他不是真朋友(即是假朋友)。He

6、s nota true friend.他不够朋友(即是不可靠的朋友)。四、anxious与eager区别1.表示“担心的”、“焦虑的”这一意义时，只能用anxious，不用eager；表示“为担心”，一般后接介词about, for。如：Were anxious about for her health.我们担心她的健康。He was anxious for his family, who were travelling abroad.他担心在国外旅行的家人。2.表示“热切的”、“渴望的”这一意义时，两者都可用，但有以下几点需注意：(1) anxious之后一般用介词for，而eager之后可

7、接介词for, after, about等。如：Im anxious for a computer.我渴望有台电脑。We are all eager for after knowledge.我们都求知心切。(2)两者之后均可接“(for sb)不定式”，表示“渴望或想要(某人)做某事”。如：We are anxious eager to know the result.我们渴望知道结果。He was anxious eager for her to go with him.他渴望她同他一起去。(3)两者之后均可接that从句，且从句谓语一般都用“should动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。如：Hes

8、 anxious eager that she should come to see him.他希望她来看他。注：上面也可改成：He is anxious eager for her to come to see him.五、形容词careful与careless的搭配与用法1、careful的搭配与用法1.后接介词of或about,表示“当心”“留意”等。如：Be careful of the dog; it sometimes bites people.当心那条狗，它有时候咬人。You must be careful of about your pronunciation.你要注意你的发音

9、。be careful后一般不接介词for。如：我希望你要多注意身体。正：I hope youll be more careful of about your health.误：I hope youll be more careful for your health.2.表示做某事时要小心或仔细，其后通常接in doing sth。如：Be careful incrossing the street.过马路时小心。Youcannot be too carefulin driving a car.开车时再怎么小心也不为过。如果后接名词，则通常用介词with。如：Do be careful wit

10、h that vase!务必小心那个花瓶！You have to be careful with people you dont know.对不认识的人得当心。3.后接不定式，表示注意要做某事。如：Be careful not todrop it.小心不要把它掉了。You must be careful to avoid being caught.你必须小心，不要被抓住。注意该用法与后接in doing sth的区别。比较：Hes careful to read every sentence.他注意读（即不漏读）每一个句子。Hes careful in reading every senten

11、ce.他读每个句子都很仔细。4.其后可接从句作宾语。如：Be careful how you hold it.小心拿好。Do be careful (about) what you say.说话一定要小心。后接what从句时，可用介词of, about等，但通常省略，但是若是接that, how, when, where等引导的从句，则一般不用介词；另外，从句谓语若指将来，通常要用一般现在时代替将来时。如：Be careful that you dont hurt her feelings. (=Be careful not tohurt her feelings).当心别伤害她的感情。2、c

12、areless的搭配与用法1.表示某人做某事很粗心，通常用于it iscareless of sb do sth。如：It was careless of you to leave your camera in the taxi.你把照相机留在计程车里实在太不小心了。该句式也可换成以“人”作主语的句子。如：你犯这样的错误真是粗心。It was careless of you to make such a mistake.=You were careless to make such a mistake.注意，这样用时句首的it为形式主语，不能改为that。但是这类句子后面不出现不定式，那么句首

13、的it也可换为that。如：It was very careless of him.=Thats very careless of him.他太粗心了。2.比较be careless to do sth与be careless in doing sth：前者中的不定式为结果状语，指由于粗心而做了某事；后者中的in doing sth表示时间，其中的in相当于while，指在做某事时很粗心。如：He wascareless tomake the mistake.他很粗心，结果出了错。He wascareless intyping the letter.他打这封信时很粗心。3.表示“对不在意或不关心”等，其后可接介词about, of, with等。如：Hes careless of about his speech.他讲话随便。She iscareless ofwith his health.她不注意身体。He is careless with his pronunciation.他对语音不注意。Dont be socareless withyour money.你花钱不要这样随便。学科网（北京）股份有限公司