Unit4 不定式作状语定语讲义--高中英语人教版必修第三册.docx

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1、Book 3 Unit 4 Space ExplorationGrammar:不定式作定语和状语Leading-in:This is the key to open the front door. There was nothing to be done.To illustrate my point, I have done a comparative analysis. Many farmers water their crops to make them grow more quickly. We dont have enough paper to write on.To prevent

2、it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. summary（1）句中，不定式在句中作定语.（2）句中，不定式在句中作状语.（3）由句可知，不定式的被动式为to be done.一、动词不定式的语法功能1.作定语（1）在什么情况下需要用不定式作后置定语。不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示未发生的动作。 The car to be bought is for his sister.I hope in years to come he will reflect onhisdecision.1. She is the first grad

3、uate to get an offer(第一个拿到offer的毕业生) in the big company.2. He is the only one to survive（唯一幸存的人） the accident. 3. He is the right person to do the job. （合适做这份工作的人）发现总结：名词前有first,last,next,only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。1. In the past, women had no chance to go to school.2. He made an attempt to be admitte

4、d to the big company. 3. A good teacher must have the ability to make himself understood. 4. I must keep the promise to pay on time.5.I have something to say.6.I have nothing to do.发现总结：抽象名词attempt, ability, chance, desire, plan, determination, decision, plan或不定代词something, nothing, anything等不定代词后面常

5、用不定式作后置定语。注意：Notice:1. 动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。2. 如果不定式是不及物动词，后面应有介词。1. Give me a pen _to write with_. （写）2. He is looking for a room _to live in_.（住） 3. There is nothing _to worry about_.（担心）4. Here is a piece of paper for you _write on_. （写）【高考链接】1. The airport _to be completed_(complete) next y

6、ear will help promote tourism in this area.2. We are having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _to be made_ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.3. Volunteering gives you a chance _to change_ (change) lives, including your own. 4. The students are looking forward to ha

7、ving an opportunity _to explore_ (explore) society of real-life experience. 5. I have a lot of readings _to complete_ (complete) before the end of this term. 2.作状语(adverbial) 表示_目的_She reads China Daily every day to improve her English. Young spoke English slowly in order to/so as to make students u

8、nderstand. 表示_原因_1. I am so excited to be here! 2. I am more than delighted to be with you!3. She is proud to have won the first place. 4. He is glad to be invited to the meeting. 总结:不定式做原因状语，常用在某些喜怒哀乐等形容词后（2）不定式作结果状语。对比分析不定式做结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别？ I hurried to the station, only to find the train had le

9、ft. The plane crashed, claiming 120 lives. 形容词/副词十enough +to do 结构中，不定式表示结果。 The boy is old enough to go to school. too to 结构常表示太而不能 He is too weak to do the work. 4.以下不定式表示什么含义?1.The homework is hard to do.2.This mission is impossible to finish .3.English is interesting to learn.4.The procedure is

10、not easy to carry on.总结：在be+性质形容词+不定式结构中，常见形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, interesting等。在此句型中to do 不定式用主动形式表被动意义。Practice:Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal_to achieve_ (achieve). One of

11、 the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, _using_ (use) current technology, it would take over two years _to get_ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing_ known_ (know)in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach

12、 the nearest star system. Will scientists figure out a way _to store_ (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey? Is it possible to travel faster than light? No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _t

13、o help_ (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.【Translation】1. 我每天有很多作业要做。 I have a lot of homework to finish every day.2. 他有个很重要的问题要思考。 He has an important problem to think about.3. 这房子住着很舒适。 The house is comfortable to live in .4. 你是第五个被邀请去她生日晚会的人。 You are the fifth man to be invited to her birthday party.5.为了赶上第一班公共汽车，他很早就起床了。 To / In order to catch the first bus, he got up early.6.收到你的来信，我很高兴。I am pleased to hear from you. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司