非谓语动词--高考英语二轮复习.docx

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1、二轮复习之非谓语动词非谓语动词的三种形式所谓的三种形式是指动词不定式、动词ing形式、过去分词。它们的具体类型及语态变化如下表：主动被动在句中可充当的成分动词不定式一般式to doto bedone主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done动词ing形式一般式doingbeing done主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语完成式Having donehavingbeen done过去分词一般式done表语、定语、补语、状语从上表可以看出，非谓语动词具有动词的性质，即有时态与语态的变化，但不作谓语动词。要正确使用

2、非谓语动词，在做题时就要记住两种关系。(二)非谓语动词常考的几个句法功能1非谓语动词作主语(1)动词不定式和动词ing形式可用作句子的主语。动词不定式表示某一具体的、一次性的动作；动词ing形式表示抽象的、泛指的多次性动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。(2)动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，掌握it作形式主语的句型：Itsadj. (for/of sb.)to do sth.It is no use/good doing sth.It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.Its worthwhi

3、le to do/doing sth.2非谓语动词作宾语动词不定式和动词ing形式可用作宾语。(1)只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree, intend, plan, demand, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish, hope, want, expect, fail (未能), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, happen (碰巧)等。(2)只接v.ing形式作宾语的动词：admit, avoid, consider, escap

4、e (避开), imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest等。(3)cant stand, give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, put off, devote.to, object to, be busy, get down to, have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), have fun等短语后要接动词ing形式作宾语。(4)动词like, love, prefer, hate, con

5、tinue等后接动词不定式或动词ing形式作宾语均可。但表示经常性的动作要用动词ing形式，表示具体的行为要用动词不定式。(5)接不定式与接v.ing形式有显著区别的动词：try to do尽力做；try doing试着去做；mean to do打算做；mean doing意味着；regret to do遗憾要去做；regret doing后悔做了；remember to do记得去做；remember doing记得做过；forget to do忘记做；forget doing忘记做了。动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语

6、态作宾语。(6)形容词worth后要接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。(7)介词后一般要接动词ing形式作宾语。但介词but/except后通常接动词不定式作宾语，但如果前面有实义动词do，动词不定式就要省略to。3非谓语动词作状语(1)分词作状语分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主谓关系。现在分词的完成时即having done表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是动宾关系。部分过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时

7、既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：lost(迷路的)，seated (坐着的)，hidden (躲着的), lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦的)，faced with(面对着)。(2)不定式作状语不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to, so as to, to等，但so as to不能置于句首。不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only。现在分词作结果状语时表示自然而然的结果。在 be happy

8、/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth. 结构中作状语表原因。此外动词不定式还用于 too.to do, enough to do, so/such.as to do 等固定结构中。4非谓语动词作定语(1)现在分词的主动式(doing)作定语：与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。现在分词的被动式(being done)作定语：与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，表示该动作的被动和进行。(2)过去分词(done)作定语：与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系，并表示该动作的被动和完成。如果表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。

9、(3)不定式作定语不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。被修饰的名词是抽象名词时用不定式作定语，谨记以下名词：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等。the first, the second, the last, the next, the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰名词或代词时，常用不定式作定语。5非谓语动词作宾补作宾语补足语的可

10、以是不定式、现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词用法不定式表示动作的全过程或经常性、反复性现在分词表示一个主动、正在进行的动作过去分词表示一个被动或完成的动作(1)现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，并且现在分词作宾补强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, look, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, get, find, leave, keep, catch等)。(2)过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动

11、词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, look, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, make, let, get, find, leave, keep等)。(3)不定式作宾补常接带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allow, ask, cause, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, invite, leave, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, warn

12、, wish, call on, depend upon等。常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：help，使役动词(make, have, let)，感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。(4)with宾语宾补with宾语doing(表示主动且进行)with宾语done(表示被动且完成)with宾语to do(表示将来)6非谓语动词作表语(1)非谓语动词作表语表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作，要想到用动词不定式。系动词(4个)seem, appear, prove, turn out和抽象名词(5个)aim, go

13、al, ambition, purpose, wish后用不定式作表语。His wish is to make his dream come true in the near future.他的愿望是在不远的将来实现他的梦想。(2)非谓语动词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，要想到用动名词。(3)现在分词interesting, exciting, disappointing, encouraging, worrying, puzzling, satisfying, surprising, pleasing等作表语时，强调表象，意为“令人的”；形容词化的过去分词interested, excit

14、ed, disappointed, encouraged, worried, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, pleased等作表语时，强调内在的感受，意为“感到的”。7固定结构(1)to doenough to do sth. 足够()去做某事be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事too.to. 太而不能be used to do sth. 被用来做某事be designed to do sth. 被设计用来做某事be intended to do sth. 打算做某事tend to 倾向于be to blame 应受责备(无被动)aim to

15、do sth. 旨在做某事be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事the first/last (序数词) to do sth. 第一个/最后一个做某事的the plan/promise/purpose/ambition/goal/target to do sth. 做某事的目的/能力/机会/计划/承诺/目的/雄心/目标cant/can hardly wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花多少时间做某事sb./sth. be said

16、/be supposed/believed/be thought/reported /known/ to do/to be done/to have done据说/认为/报道某人/某物it remains to be seen.尚待分晓；拭目以待(2)v.ingbe (well) worth doing sth. 值得做某事cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心feel like doing sth. 想做某事get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事Its no use/good/pleasure (in)

17、 doing sth. 做某事没有用处/好处/乐趣have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难have a difficult/hard time (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事spend money/time (in) doing sth. 花费金钱或时间做某事prevent/stop.(from) doing sth. 阻止做某事aim at doing sth. 旨在做某事succeed (in) doing sth. 成功做某事There is no sense/po

18、int (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义主语beadj.to do句型适用于此结构的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous等。(3)有些永远固定的非谓语动词形式的结构：considering that鉴于，考虑到；judging by/from从来看；supposing/providing/provided/assuming that.假定，假设；compared with/to与相比较。单句语法填空1H

19、appiness is the ability _ (make) the most of what we have. 答案：to_make： 在抽象名词ability后，表示“做某事的能力”，用不定式作定语，故填to make。2From May 20 to June 2, more than 50 shows _ (select) nationwide will be performed in nineteen major theaters in Shanghai.答案：selected：分析句子可知，主语为more than 50 shows，谓语动词为will be performed。

20、select只能用作非谓语，select和其逻辑主语more than 50 shows构成被动关系，所以用过去分词selected。3Every time I go into his office, its in a huge mess, with computers _ (pull) apart and pieces of telescope all over his desk.答案：Pulled：pull apart(拆开)和宾语computer是被动的关系，所以应该填过去分词pulled。4I looked up and noticed a snake _ (wind) its way

21、 up the tree to catch its breakfast.答案：winding：考查现在分词作宾语补足语。wind its way与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故填winding。5Joe offered _ (pay) the driver, got out of the taxi, and ran along the pavement and past all the shop windows.答案： to_pay：考查不定式。此处表示“乔主动提出付司机钱”。offer to do sth.“主动做某事”。故填to pay。6The effect was s

22、o wonderful that Da Shuhua (打树花) gradually gained more appeal than firecrackers, _ (attract) many people in the celebration.答案：attracting：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词形式。Da Shuhua与attract之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用v.ing形式。7Above all, I have come to understand that _ (bring) happiness to others is getting ourselves

23、 happiness.答案：bringing：考查非谓语动词。句意：首先，我开始明白了予人玫瑰手有余香的道理。在宾语从句中设空处作主语，且表示抽象概念，故用动名词作主语。8It urges all countries to make decisions and take immediate action to stop it from _ (pollute) any more.答案：being_polluted：考查非谓语动词。介词from后接动名词作宾语，it与pollute之间是被动关系，故填being polluted。9_ (compare) with the traditional

24、trade mode, they dont have to spend money in renting a house. However, there are still some disadvantages to online shopping.答案：Compared：句意：与传统的商业模式比较，他们不需要花很多钱租房子。但是，网购仍然也有一些劣势。compared with为独立成分，在句中作状语。10 _ (judge) from his accent, he is from the south of China.答案：Judging：句意：从他的口音判断，他来自中国南方。judging from为独立成分，意为“根据判断”。judging from作状语时不必考虑它和句子主语是主动关系还是被动关系。学科网（北京）股份有限公司