高三英语一轮语法知识梳理之综合时态（现在完成 过去完成 将来完成 过去将来）.docx

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1、高考英语语法知识点讲解-综合时态（现在完成+过去完成+将来完成+过去将来）动词时态的用法 六、现在完成时六、现在完成时1.基本用法（1）表示现在为止刚刚完成的动作。He has bought a new car recently.他最近买了辆新车。I havent heard from Jane lately.我最近没收到珍妮的信。（2）表示过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态。I have collected coins for many years.我收集硬币有很多年了。George has been in business since he finished college.乔治大学毕业之后就

2、一直经商。I have studied English since 2005.我从2005年起就学习英语。Up to now，the work has been easy.到现在为止这工作还算容易。2.现在完成时常用状语recently 近来lately 最近so far/up till/until now 到目前为止in recent years 在最近几年里in the past/last few years 在过去的几年里3.延续性动词和非延续性动词（1）延续性动词：可与for，since引导的状语连用。drink 喝eat 吃 fly 飞have 有keep 保持know 知道lie

3、躺着live 住play 玩 rain 下雨read 读run 跑sing 喝 sleep 睡觉 smoke 抽烟snow 下雪stand 站 talk 说wait 等 walk 走wear 穿 work 工作Weve lived here since 1990.从1990年起我们就在这里住了。Ive known him for many years.我认识他有许多年了。He has been here for a week.他已来了一个星期。I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。（2）非延续性动词：不能与for，since

4、引导的状语连用。admit 承认arrive 到达begin 开始borrow 借buy 买break 打破 close 关闭come 来die 死fall 倒go 走 hit 击中 join 加入 jump 跳leave 离开lose 丢marry 结婚open 打开put 放start 开始 stop 停He has always gone to work by bike.他总是骑自行车上班。Ill go to bed when Ive finished my homework.我做完作业后就上床睡觉。The ship has just arrived from Tanzania.这艘轮船

5、刚从坦桑尼亚到达这里。Has your brother left school yet？ 你兄弟已经毕业了吗？（3）相互替代的延续性动词和非延续性动词续表The old man died 4 years ago.老人四年前去世的。（非延续性）The old man has been dead for 4 years.（延续性）He joined the Party 2 years ago.两年前他入党了。（非延续性）He has been in the Party for 2 years.（延续性）I bought the book 5 days ago.五天前我买的这本书。（非延续性）I h

6、ave had the book for 5 days.（延续性）（4）have gone to 与have been to的区别He has been to Paris three times.他去过巴黎三次了。He has gone to Paris now.他现在去巴黎了。【提示】 后接here，there，home等地点副词时，要省略to。I have been here only once.我只去过一次。Hes gone home already.他已经回家了。4.现在完成时的常用句式（1）in/for/during the past/last .years，意为“在过去年中”。In

7、 the past two years Ive seen him little.过去两年我很少见到他。I have been here （for）the last/past month.最近一个月里我都在这儿。（2）Its/will be the first time that .have done .，意为“第一次”。Its the first time Ive come here.这是我第一次来这儿。It is the third time that I have visited your beautiful city.这是我第三次参观你们这座美丽的城市了。Dont forget，itll

8、 be the first time Ive spoken in public.别忘了，这是我第一次在公共场合发言。（3）主语+is+the+形容词最高级+名词+that+have done .She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen in my life.她是我这辈子看过的最美丽的女孩。【比较】Thats the most interesting book （that）Ive ever read.（从句用现在完成时）That was the most interesting book （that）I had ever read.

9、（从句用过去完成时）5.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别（1）一般过去时纯属过去的事情；现在完成时表示动作发生在过去对现在的影响。Ive lived here for ten years.我在这里住了10年。（现在仍住这儿）I lived here for ten years.我在这里住过10年。（现在不住这儿了）He bought a house ten years ago.十年前他买了栋房子。（现在不一定有房子）He has bought a house.他已经买了栋房子。（他现在有房子）He was a teacher then.他那时是个教师。（他曾经当过老师）He has been a

10、teacher since then.他从那时起一直当教师。（他现在还是教师）（2）现在完成时不用于when引导的特殊疑问句中，但可与where，why等疑问词连用。When did the train leave？ 火车什么时候开的？（一般过去时）Where have you been？ 你去哪里了？（现在完成时）Why has he gone to Australia？ 他为何去了澳大利亚？（现在完成时）【辨析】你什么时候和他首次见面的？【误】When have you first met him？【正】When did you first meet him？（3）表示过去的时间状语不用于

11、现在完成时，只能用于一般过去时。She lived here two years ago.两年前她住在这里。He has been in the League for three years.他入团已经三年了。Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。【辨析】她两年前就住在这里了。【误】She has lived here two years ago.【正】She has lived here since two years ago.动词时态的用法 七、过去完成时七、过去完成时1.基本用法（1）表示在过去某时或过去另一

12、动作之前所完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。She had learned English before she came to England.她在来英国以前已学过英文了。I went there at the time agreed upon，but they had already disappeared.我在约好的时间去那里，但是他们早已散去了。I asked him if he had ever seen a whale blowing.我问他是否看过鲸喷水。（2）表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间，并可能继续下去的动作或状态，常与by或before引导的时间状语连用。We ha

13、dnt seen each other before we left Paris.离开巴黎之前我们一直没见过面。We had learnt fifteen lessons by last week.到上周为止，我们学完了十五篇课文。2.常与过去完成时连用的时间状语by the end of last week 到上周末为止by that time 到那时为止before that year 那年之前 before I did .在我之前when I did .在我时3.过去完成时的常用句式（1）“had done+to do”或“did+to have done”，表示未曾实现的过去的愿望。常

14、用动词：expect hope imagine intend mean plan suppose thinkwant wishI had hoped to pass the examination.我曾希望能通过考试。（实际未通过）I hoped to have passed the examination.He had wanted to buy a house in Beijing.他本想在北京买栋房子。（实际没买）He wanted to have bought a house in Beijing.I had meant to come，but something happened.我

15、本想来，但有事就没有来。（实际没来）I meant to have come,but something happened.We had thought to return early.我们本想早回来的。（实际没回来）we thought to have returned early.I had intended to call on you.我本来打算去拜访你的，但没办法。（实际上没有拜访）I intended to have called on you,but in vain.（2）it/this was the first time that .had done .，意为“这是某人第一次

16、”。This was the first time he had ever been late.这是他第一次迟到。It was the first time that he had left hometown.这是他第一次离开故乡。（3）no sooner .than，hardly .when （before），scarcely .when （before）He had hardly arrived when it began to snow.他一到，天就下起雪来了。I had scarcely left the house when it began to rain.我刚离开家，天就开始下雨

17、。We had no sooner set out than a thunderstorm broke.我们刚出发就遇到了大雷雨。【提示】 当no sooner/scarcely/hardly用在句首时语序用倒装，主句要用过去完成时。Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow.Scarcely had I left the house when it began to rain.No sooner had we set out than a thunderstorm broke.（4）By the time+从句+did .，主语+had done

18、.By the time we arrived，everyone had received medical care.我们到达时，每个人都已接受了医疗护理。By the time the flood came，most of the inhabitants had left their homes.洪水到来前，大部分居民已离开他们的家园。（5）It was+一段时间+since+had done.It was ten years since we had enjoyed ourselves.十年我们都没这么高兴了。It was over a year now since he had seen

19、 her.他上次见她以来已经一年多了。动词时态的用法 八、将来完成时八、将来完成时1.基本用法（1）表示未来某时之前或未来某动作前已经完成之动作。By the end of this week，I shall have finished the book.到本周末，我将读完这本书。By this time tomorrow they will have repaired the machine.明天这时候，他们将修好机器。（2）表示对现在或将来可能已经完成动作的推测，相当于“must have done”结构。You will have heard of this，I guess.我想你已经听

20、说过这件事了。I am sure he will have got the information.我相信他一定得到了这个信息。（3）表示持续到将来某时已经一段时间的动作。They will have been married for thirty years by 2009.到2009年他们结婚将满30年了。We shall have lived here for five years by next March.到明年3月我们将在此住了5年。2.将来完成时的常用句式（1）By the time+主语+一般现在时，主句+will/shall have done .The children w

21、ill have gone to sleep by the time we get home.等我们回家时，孩子们将已睡了。【比较】By the time he returns we will have prepared the meal.（主句用将来完成时）By the time he returned we had prepared the meal.（主句用过去完成时）（2）By the end of next .，主句+will/shall have done .By the end of next year，they will have completed the work on t

22、he new stadium.到明年年底前他们将已经完成新体育馆的建设。By the end of next month，they will have built the bridge.到下月底前他们将已经完成大桥的建设。【比较】By the end of next term we will have read 300 books.（主句用将来完成时）By the end of last term we had read over 300 books.（主句用过去完成时）动词时态的用法 九、过去将来时九、过去将来时1.基本用法：表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作或状态He told us he w

23、ould help us.他告诉我们他会帮助我们。I knew you would agree.我当时就知道你会同意的。【提示】 过去将来时主要用于宾语从句中。2.过去将来时的表示形式（1）should/would do表示“将要做某事”He told me that I should succeed.他说我会成功。I told him I would see him off at the station.我跟他说，我会到车站去给他送行。（2）was/were+going to do表示“准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事”They were going to have a meeting.他们

24、曾经打算开个会。I thought it was going to rain.那时我以为要下雨了。（3）was/were to do表示“计划，打算做某事”He was to meet her at 10 on the street.他约定和她10点钟在街上见面。The foreign diplomats were to see the President.外国使节将要会见总统。【提示】 “was/were to have done”表示过去没有完成的动作。We were to have left at 6 last night.我们本来计划昨晚6点离开的。（4）was/were about

25、to do=was/were on the point of doing表示“正要时”He was about to leave when we came in.我们进来时，他正要动身。He was on the point of leaving when we came in.I was about to go to bed when he came to see me.我正要睡觉，他来看我了。I was on the point of going to bed when He came to see me.（5）go，come，leave，begin/start，take off等用过去进行时代替过去将来时A lot of people were coming to watch the fireworks.有许多人要来观看焰火。She told mother that she was going to a dance with Tom.她告诉母亲，她要和汤姆一起去参加一个舞会。学科网（北京）股份有限公司