阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧(1) 学案--高考英语复习.docx

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1、高考阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧一、题型特点与命题方式【设题类型】1、概括文章大意；2、选出最佳题目（标题）；3、概括人物特点。【设问形式】1、标题类常见的标题型题干：1) The best title / headline for this passage might be_.2) The text (passage) could be entitled _.3) What is the best title for the passage? 4) Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? 2、大意

2、类常见的主题型题干：1) This passage chiefly deals with _.2) Whats the topic of the article?3) What is the subject discussed in the text?4) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?【命题趋势】考查考生对文章的主题、标题、中心思想的理解程度及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。常见题型为最佳标题（title）或中心思想（main idea）等。主题思想是文章的核心，能否抓住文章的主题思想，是考生阅读能力最主要的体现。高考中阅读理

3、解的测试，自然也以此作为检验考生阅读理解能力最重要的标准。要准确地抓住文章的主题思想，就要十分留意文章的开头和结尾，要抓住文中具有概括性的信息，从上下文连贯的意思来理解全文，看作者主要谈的是什么，透过文字叙述的过程来归纳主题，再从选择项中找出最符合表达主题思想的选项。有些干扰项，从局部看也许不算错，但从全局看却又片面。这类干扰项与正确答案之差，其实是局部与全局之差。考生在做题时不要为局部现象迷惑，而忽略了文章的整体思想。二、解题思路与应试技巧 做这类题时常用略读法。快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句。把各个段落的主题句联系起来着眼于全文结构安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。文章的标题是

4、中心思想最精炼的表达形式，选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文，不能太大也不能太小。命题者在出这类题时，常常利用生活常识编造干扰项，把文中的细节当主旨，利用局部信息编造干扰项，编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵盖文章中心意义的标题来考查考生的理解程度，考生要特别留意。下面结合高考试题，谈谈标题类和大意类主旨大意题的解题技巧。1、标题类标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。在阅读中不仅要求考生能够通过自己已知的信息概括出段落的中心思想，而且还要对概括出的中心思想加以提炼，拟定出段落的标题。在测试中能够迅速而准确地选择标题。 文章标题可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，

5、抓住文章讨论的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。【考例】(交大附中2019，A篇) 59. What can be the best title for the text?A. A Mothers Love B. A Brave ActC. A Deadly River D. A Matter of Life and Death【解析】A。整篇文章叙述的是小牛掉到河里，母牛采取一切措施来进行保护小牛， 体现了浓浓的母爱。文章最后一段点题：While

6、I was wondering what I could do next, I heard the sound of a mothers love. 2、大意类解答该题型最关键的是找出主题句，把握文章主旨。通常情况下主题句在文中的位置:说明文议论文记叙文在开头(较常见) 在结尾(较少见)在中间中心贯穿全文(较常见)概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词。) 。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些转折

7、词，如but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary等。当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息，准确归纳主旨大意。 ALanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated b

8、y hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those

9、people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially globalisation and better communications in

10、the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as EnglishSpanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have rela

11、tively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median

12、 number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining spe

13、akers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in

14、 number.C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected29. Which of the following best explainsdominant underlined in paragraph 2？A. Complex. B. Advanced.C. Powerful. D. Modem.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?A. About 6 800 B. About 3 400C. About 2.

15、400 D. About 1-20031. What is the min idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human development results in fewer languagesD. Geography determines language evolution.(1)Have you ever spent an afternoon in the backyard, maybe grilling or enj

16、oying a basketball game, when suddenly you notice that everything goes quiet? There is an old phrase “calm before the storm”, often used in a situation-a quiet period just before a great activity or excitement. According to our own experience, we know there is actually calm before the storm. But wha

17、t causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm?A period of calm happens in a particular kind of storm, the simplest kind of storm-a single-cell thunderstorm. In this type of thunderstorm, there is usually only one main stream of current, which is warm, damp air and drawn from places near

18、 the ground. Storms need warm and damp air as fuel, so they typically draw that air in from surrounding environment. Storms can draw in the air that fit their need from all directionseven from the direction in which the storm is traveling.As the warm, damp air is pulled into a storm system, it leave

19、s a low-pressure vacuum(真空) coming after. The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the temperature of the warm, damp air drops, and the water vapor in it changes into tiny drops that are a precondition of rain. These drops accumulate and build on large

20、r particles(颗粒) like dust, until they grow large enough to form raindrops.This warm, damp air keeps moving upwards, but it becomes cooler and drier during its trip through cloud. When it reaches the top of the cloud, the air is squeezed out at the top. This air is sent rolling out over the big thund

21、erclouds. From there, the air goes down. Warm and dry air is relatively stable, and once it covers a region, that air, in turn, causes the calm before a storm.Most thunderstorms, though, dont start with calm. Thats because most are actually groups of storms with complex wind patterns. Theres so much

22、 air moving up and down storm groups that the calm before the storm never happens. Instead, before the storm, it might be really windy!1. Which best fits the description of a particular kind of storm?A. A thunderstorm with a single shape.B. A thunderstorm without strong winds.C. A storm with air dra

23、wn from every direction.D. A storm fueled by moving air from the ground.2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Warm and wet air.B. Warm and dry air.C. Cold and wet air.D. Cold and dry air.3. Which does the writer most likely agree to?A. Presence of the calm relies on stable

24、 air.B. All thunderstorms dont start with the calm.C. The drier the air is, the bigger the storm will be.D. Storm happens without air moving up and down.4. What is the passage mainly about?A. A brief introduction of a peaceful storm.B. A personal experience of a heavy storm.C. An explanation of the

25、calm before a storm.D. An analysis of causes and effects of a storm.(2)UGG boots have been a winterweather fashion for several years now, combining function, comfort, warmth and even some style. What many UGGenthusiasts dont know is that their boots are a breeding ground for bacteria and cause foot

26、problems.Doctors believe the boots, which are particularly popular among young teenage girls, are leading to a rise in the number of people suffering pains in their feet and knees.Dr. Ian Drysdale, head of the British College of Osteopathic Medicine, believes because the foot does not get the proper

27、 support on the inside, it will lead to more ankle, knee, hip and back problems. “These boots are not designed for outside wear. Just because something becomes a trend or fashionable doesnt mean its good or right，” he said. “The particular problem with this type of footwear is that it is unsupported

28、. Its a slipper. You wouldnt normally expect to be doing outdoor activities from something thats indoor. If you decide to wear your pajamas outside all the time, someone will come up and say its not a good idea.” Dr. Drysdale explained that the feet issues become a particular problem among young tee

29、nage girls, whose bones are “plastic” and developing when they are growing. “If that structure is developing in an inappropriate way，” he said，“then the ultimate structure will be deformed.”Mike ONeill, a consultant surgeon, said，“As the foot slides around, you get wear and tear (磨损) on the joints o

30、n the inside of the foot. The ankle is in the wrong position, the thigh bone also changes position, and you get an abnormal movement in the pelvis, which leads to back problems.”UGG Australia, who makes the designer version of the boots, told The Daily Wirror that their boots are “comfort” rather th

31、an “performance” footwear and consumers should be aware of “knockoffs (仿制品)” which lack reinforced heels in their boots.1Teenage girls prefer to wear UGG boots because of the following EXCEPT _.Adesign BcomfortCquality Dwarmth2According to Dr. Ian Drysdale, _.Athere is a possibility that bacteria wi

32、ll multiply in UGG bootsBwearing UGG boots will lead to more ankle and toe problemsCits not a good idea to wear boots like UGG outside all the timeDteenage girls bones are plastic enough to wear UGG boots3The underlined word “deformed” is closest in meaning to _.Ashaped BstrengthenedCreformed Ddamag

33、ed4Which of the following can be the best title for the text?APotential Harm of UGG BootsBThe Popularity of UGG BootsCThe Unique Design of UGG BootsDBenefits of UGG Boots(3)HortonAt first glance，there is little in Horton to attract people.The other nearby towns have much more to offer：Bradfield has

34、its river and historic buildings，while Newtown has shops and entertainment.The buildings of Horton look dirty and unloved.For shops，there is a small supermarket，a few bargain shops，a bakery which，strangely，does not sell bread and a florist which has one stand of sadlooking flowers.Even so，Horton has

35、 several advantages over its neighbouring towns.Firstly，it has a country park.Four thousand years ago，this was an important fort.There are no historic remains here now，but there are wonderful views over the countryside.On sunny weekends you can often see kids out with their parents，kicking balls or

36、flying kites.There arent many job opportunities in Horton，and the roads to nearby cities arent really fast，but there are excellent rail links.You can be in London in an hour and a half，and other cities are less than an hour away.That means that parents can earn a good salary and still get home in ti

37、me to spend the evenings with their families.Houses in Horton arent pretty，but theyre functional and cheap.The streets are quiet and safe，and there are plenty of parks and playgrounds.It has a library，three primary schools and a secondary school，St.Marks.It is friendly and offers a wide range of sub

38、jects and activities to children of all abilities and backgrounds.The town also has a swimming and a sports centre，and the community halls hold regular clubs and events for people of all ages.1.What is the writers main purpose?A.To explain what tourists can do in Horton.B.To explain why Horton is a

39、good place to live in.C.To explain why Horton is not as pleasant as other towns.D.To describe the history of Horton.2.Which part of Horton does the writer find disappointing?A.The shops. B.Country park.C.Transport links. D.The schools.3.Which of the following is NOT the advantage of Horton?A.Plenty

40、of parks and playgrounds.B.Historical buildings.C.The quiet and safe streets.D.Functional and cheap houses.4.What advantages does Horton bring to workers?A.There are plenty of jobs available in the town.B.You can drive to nearby cities in a short time.C.You can get to several cities quickly by train

41、.D.Working conditions are better here than in other towns.（4）The famous American gorilla(大猩猩) expert Diane Fossey had a completely new way to study gorillas she pretended to be one of them. She copied their actions and way of life eating plants and getting down on her hands and knees to walk the way

42、 a gorilla does. It was a new relationship.Diane Fossey was murdered in Rwanda in 1985 and her story was made into the popular film Gorillas in the Mist. It was a long way from King Kong, which is about a gorilla as a monster (a frightening animal), and helped to show a new idea: the real monster is

43、 man, while the gorilla is to be admired.Today there are thought to be around 48,000 lowland gorillas and maybe 400450 mountain gorillas in the wild. From the Congo in West Africa, to Rwanda and Uganda further east, they are endangered by hunting and by the cutting down of their forest homes.Some ti

44、me ago, I found in my letterbox a little magazine from the World Wide Fund for Nature. It had two photos side by side. One was of a young gorilla. “This is a species of mammal(哺乳类动物),” said the words below it. “It is being destroyed by man. We must save it for our own good.” The other photo showed a

45、 human baby. The words also read, “This is a species of mammal,” but then went on: “It is the most destructive(破坏性的) on earth. We must retrain it for its own good.”1.The text mainly talks about _.A. Diane Fossey B. the gorillas in RwandaC. the protection of the gorillas D. the film Gorillas in the M

46、ist2. We can learn from the text that .A. Gorillas in the mist was based Fosseys experiencesBLowland gorillas live longer than mountain gorillasCKing Kong showed us that a gorilla is admirableDDiane Fossey was murdered by a gorilla58. What message can we get from the two photos in the magazine?AGorillas are mans close friends.BBoth man and the gorilla need to be saved.CYoung gorillas are as lovely as human babies.DMan should live peacefully with the gorilla.(5)Advertisement is the difficult business of bringing information to great numbers of people.The purpose of an advertisement