中考英语二轮复习学案定语从句.docx

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1、一、回答下面问题。(1)什么是定语？(2)什么是定语从句？定语从句分类？(3)什么是先行词？(4)哪些词可以引导定语从句？知识点一、定语从句【知识梳理】【语篇学语法】I will never forget the days when I served as a volunteer. Life was not easy, but it made me full and happy.In the distance(远处), I saw some villagers (who/that) were waiting to give me a warm welcome. They were lookin

2、g forward to having a teacher (who/that) could stay to teach their kids (who/that) shouldered the hope of their future. They shook hands with me and offered to carry the luggage(行李) (which/that) had nothing but a quilt(被子)I was showed into my bedroom (which/that) stood next to the classroom whose ro

3、of(屋顶) was covered with brown grass. “This is the room where you live，” the village leader said. “We have tried our best.” “Not so bad. Much better than expected，” I replied. My words made the villagers laugh.School was about to open. I had to get the textbooks for the children (who/whom/that) I wou

4、ld teach. There was only a road that led out of the mountains. The villagers offered to help me, but I refused their offer since I knew all those who stayed in the village were either old people or small children. So, I carried back all the school things that the children would use with a carrying p

5、ole(杆). Soon came the day when new term began, but many seats were empty. I asked the students about it and was told that they had dropped out. The next day, I climbed up mountains and down valleys(溪谷) to go from door to door to persuade(说服)the parents to let their kids go back to school. Finally, m

6、y effort paid off and all the droppedout children were back in class again. 1. 定语从句的概述在复合句中对名词、代词、名词性短语、句子进行修饰、限定的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的成分叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有两种：关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格为whom，所有格为whose)等，关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词有三个作用：引导从句；指代先行词；在定语从中作成分。如：Harry Porter is a smart boy. (形容词作定语

7、)Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power. (定语从句)This is an old computer. It works much slower. 这是一台老式电脑。它工作起来速度很慢。 (这是两个简单句，It代替an old computer)This is an old computer which/that works much slower. 这是一台工作起来比较慢的老式电脑(这是一个主从复合句，which/that代替an old computer，引导定语从句)普通代词只起替代作用，如在上例中It替代an old computer. 而

8、关系代词除可以起替代作用之外还可以引导定语从句。2. 关系代词的用法(1)关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that。它们的具体使用情况如下表所示：关系词先行词在从句中充当的成分备注关系代词who人主语、宾语whom, which和that在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面的关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that和whowhom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语whosen.then.of which/whomof which/whomthen.(先行词指人时用whom，指物时用which)(2)在定语从句中，使用

9、关系代词时我们应该考虑两点：一是先行词是“人”还是“物”；二是关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分。He is a man who/that means what he says.他是一个说话算话的人。(先行词指人，关系代词who/that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语)Is there anyone in your class whose father is a teacher?你们班有谁的父亲是老师？(先行词指人，关系代词whose引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作定语)To be frank, I dont like the movie (which/that) you recommended

10、to me yesterday.说实话，我不喜欢你昨天推荐给我的那部影片。(先行词指物，关系代词which/that引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，可省略)II. 关系代词用that而不用which的情况1. 当先行词是all, much, anything, nothing, little, none等不定代词时She told me everything that she knew.她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。2. 先行词既有人又有物时I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚

11、地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。3. 先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。4. 先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。5. 先行词为the last, the only, the very, the same等或被这些词修饰时Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he k

12、nows.史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。6. 主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时Which is the true story that he told us?他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真实的？7. 当先行词在主句中作表语或关系代词在从句中作表语时Tom isnt the man that he used to be.汤姆不再是过去的样子了。III. 关系代词用which而不用that的情况1. 先行词为that时Whats that which is under the desk?桌子底下的那个东西是什么？Its a football.那是一个足球。2. 关系代词前有介词时This

13、 is the room in which he lives.这是他住的房间。3. 引导非限制性定语从句时Tom came back, which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。关系副词（时间/地点/原因）的用法A. where指地点，充当地点状语；此时可用in which/ on which/ at which/ to which 等取代This is the place. We spent our childhood in that place. 替换：This is the place (which / that) we spend our childhood

14、in.This is the place in which we spent our childhood. This is the place where we spent our childhood. B. when 指时间，充当时间状语in which/ on which/ at which/ during which 等取代 Hell always remember the day. His grandma passed away on that day. 替换：Hell always remember the day （which/ that）his grandma passed aw

15、ay on. Hell always remember the day on which his grandma passed away. Hell always remember the day when his grandma passed away.C. why 指原因，充当原因状语； 可以用for which 来取代。引导非限制性定语从句时，不能用why;可以用for which.This is the reason. They were late for the meeting because of the reason.替换: This is the reason why they

16、 were late for the meeting.Can you tell me the reason why / for which the car broke down?IV. 定语从句的注意事项1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时。根据先行词的单复数确定从句谓语动词的单复数。如：He is the only one of the students who knows French in our class.他是我们班里唯一懂法语的学生。(the only one为先行词)He is one of the students who know French in our class.他是我们班

17、里懂法语的学生之一。(students为先行词)2. 关系代词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作动词的宾语或介词的宾语(这时介词不能在关系代词前)时常可省略。如：The boy (that/who/whom) we saw last night was Li Ming.我们昨晚见到的那个男孩是李明。【例题精讲】例1.选词填空1.The little girl with _ (whom/who/which) I walked my dog is my niece.2.All the films _ (that/which/where) Chaplin acted in were very f

18、unny.3.He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of _ (them/which/that) were published in the 1990s.4.The company _ (where/which/that) my father works is five miles away from here.5.The film brought back the good hours _(when/which/that) I played happily with my playmates.6.All the neighbors speak

19、highly of this family _(where/which/who) the parents are treating their child like a friend.7.1 am on a job _ (when/where/which) everyone waits for a chance to break through.8.2018天津卷改编Kate, _ (who/whose/whom) sister I shared a room with when we were al college,has gone to work in Australia.9.This i

20、s the only food _ (that/which/whose) is in my fridge now.10.Is this the reason _ (that/why/with which) the director explained at the mecting yesterday?11.I have reached a point in my life _ (where/that/when) I am expected to make my ow decisions by parents.12.Organizers are making preparations for t

21、he Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games _ (whose/which/where)aim is to create a wonderful Winter Games.例2. 用适当的关系代词填空1. The film _ you are looking forward to seeing will be on tomorrow.2. Is there anything _ you want to buy?3. The girl _ hair is golden is from England.4. The man _ I saw told me to come

22、 here.5. He asked about the factories and workers _ we had just visited.6. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect.7. What was that _ he said?8. Who is the girl _ is standing under the tree?9. Our school is not the one _ it used to be.10. The building _ doors are green is

23、an office building.例3. 将下面两个句子改写成含有一个定语从句的复合句1. Those people have finished the exercises. Those people may go home now._2. In the corner of the room was a large basket full of apples. Most of the apples had gone bad._3. Children eat a lot of sweets or chocolate.They often have bad teeth._4.I am look

24、ing forward to the day.On the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her._5.He has many records.Some of them are bought from foreign countries._6. I was interested in the organization. There were so many funny activities and nice people in the organization._7. Many children have

25、 to live with their grandparents. Their parents are away working in big cities._8. Students should be encouraged to take part in more activities. In the activities they can get growth experience._9. We went to the West Lake yesterday.The West Lake was full of visitors from all over the world._10. Th

26、ey were talking about Mr.Li and his novel.Mr.Li and his novel are popular with students in school._【巩固练习】根据句意，用适当的关系词填空1. Do you know the girl _ is talking with our headmaster?2.He told us that it was the most interesting film _ he had ever seen in his life.3.At the party,the long-lost brothers ment

27、ioned the things and people _ were still in their memories.4.Mr. Green, _is 45 years old and works in a company, began jogging a few years ago.5.Whats the name of the tree _ fruits are yellow?6.Did he tell you the reason _ he came late this morning?7.Can you remember the day_ we had a meeting in you

28、r office?8.Wang Ling is the girl _ drawing is the best in her class.单句改错1. The books that you need it is in the library._2. Those who has finished may go home._3. He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school._4. This is one of the rooms that is free now._5. Children eat a lot of

29、sugar often have bad teeth._6. I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing._7. Anyone who break the law will be punished._8. This is the house where we lived there two years ago._根据句意，用适当的关系词填空1.The first thing _ must be done now is to make a plan.2.The characters and the events _ were

30、described by the author are very attractive.3.Is that the reason _ you didnt come to the party?4.I have sent an invitation to the American teacher _ I met in the English corner last week.5. He returned to his hometown _ he lived with his family after graduating from the university.6. Do you know the director, _ directed the film The Shawshank Redemption?7. Li Jiacheng, for _ life had once been very hard,got success and became one of the richest men in China.8.You have done all _ you are ordered to do.学科网（北京）股份有限公司