数字图像处理冈萨雷斯第三英文翻译学习教案.pptx

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1、会计学1数字图像处理冈萨雷斯第三数字图像处理冈萨雷斯第三(d sn)英文英文翻译翻译第一页，共105页。The first chapter is introductionThe first chapter is introduction1.1 1.1 From image to image engineeringFrom image to image engineeringn nImage and digital imageImage and digital imagen nImage technology and image engineeringImage technology and i

2、mage engineeringn nRelated disciplines and fields.Related disciplines and fields.1.2 Image processing and analysisn nImage processing and analysis systemImage processing and analysis systemn nImage acquisition,display,storage,communication,processing and analysis moduleImage acquisition,display,stor

3、age,communication,processing and analysis module第2页/共105页第二页，共105页。image processingimage analysisImage understandingAbstract degreeData quantityImage foundation第3页/共105页第三页，共105页。1.1.1 Image and digital image1.1.1 Image and digital image1.1.1 Image and digital image1.1.1 Image and digital imagen nWh

4、at is an image?What is an image?An image is a visual representation of pictures,animations,etc.The difference between graphics and An image is a visual representation of pictures,animations,etc.The difference between graphics and computer graphics is that computer graphics are from building mathemat

5、ical models to generating graphics,computer graphics is that computer graphics are from building mathematical models to generating graphics,and images usually refer to graphs generated from outside.and images usually refer to graphs generated from outside.The objective world is a three-dimensional s

6、pace,but the general image is two-dimensional.The objective world is a three-dimensional space,but the general image is two-dimensional.Two dimensional images inevitably lose part of the information in the process of reflecting the Two dimensional images inevitably lose part of the information in th

7、e process of reflecting the three-dimensional world.Even recorded information can be distorted and even difficult to three-dimensional world.Even recorded information can be distorted and even difficult to recognize objects.Therefore,it is necessary to recover and reconstruct information from images

8、,recognize objects.Therefore,it is necessary to recover and reconstruct information from images,and to analyze and extract mathematical models of images so that people can have a correct and to analyze and extract mathematical models of images so that people can have a correct and profound understan

9、ding of what is recorded in the image.This process becomes the process and profound understanding of what is recorded in the image.This process becomes the process of image processing.of image processing.1.1 From image to image engineering第4页/共105页第四页，共105页。n nWhy do you need digital images?Why do y

10、ou need digital images?Ordinary images contain enormous amounts of information and require the use of computers to Ordinary images contain enormous amounts of information and require the use of computers to process images.Therefore,it is necessary to transform ordinary images into digital images tha

11、t the process images.Therefore,it is necessary to transform ordinary images into digital images that the computer can process.Todays digital cameras can directly convert visual images into digital images.A computer can process.Todays digital cameras can directly convert visual images into digital im

12、ages.A digital image,similar to raster graphics,consisting of finite rows and finite columns.Each basic unit is digital image,similar to raster graphics,consisting of finite rows and finite columns.Each basic unit is called a pixel.The voxel of a three-dimensional image is also called voxel.The two-

13、dimensional called a pixel.The voxel of a three-dimensional image is also called voxel.The two-dimensional digital image usually is a rectangle,you can use a two-dimensional array of I(x,y)to said,where x,y digital image usually is a rectangle,you can use a two-dimensional array of I(x,y)to said,whe

14、re x,y coordinates in a two-dimensional space is a coordinate system,I(x,y)said in the image gray value at coordinates in a two-dimensional space is a coordinate system,I(x,y)said in the image gray value at the point and other properties.Color can be prepared three RGB monochromatic gray value.the p

15、oint and other properties.Color can be prepared three RGB monochromatic gray value.Generally speaking,these coordinates and gray values are real numbers,not only depend on the Generally speaking,these coordinates and gray values are real numbers,not only depend on the selection of coordinate system,

16、but also depend on the measurement unit of gray value.However,a selection of coordinate system,but also depend on the measurement unit of gray value.However,a digital computer can only represent finite numbers of finite word lengths.Therefore,the gray value digital computer can only represent finite

17、 numbers of finite word lengths.Therefore,the gray value must be discretized.Simply put,a digital image is equivalent to a finite matrix of integer values.must be discretized.Simply put,a digital image is equivalent to a finite matrix of integer values.Digital image is the object of digital image pr

18、ocessing and analysis.Digital image is the object of digital image processing and analysis.第5页/共105页第五页，共105页。The image on the left is the image processing technique.Used to test computer algorithms A standard image of actual effects.The name of this image is lenna.It is made up of a set of numbers.

19、Original image The width and height are 256 pixels each.There are eight bits in pixels.It is in BMP form at About 66K bytes in size.第6页/共105页第六页，共105页。n nA brief history of digital image processingA brief history of digital image processing The generation of digital pictures is far ahead of the comp

20、uter.The first digital image transmitted by telegraph.The generation of digital pictures is far ahead of the computer.The first digital image transmitted by telegraph.In six and 70s,with the development of computer hardware and the discovery of fast Fu Liye transform In six and 70s,with the developm

21、ent of computer hardware and the discovery of fast Fu Liye transform algorithm,it was possible to use computer to process images.Since 80s,three dimensional images have been algorithm,it was possible to use computer to process images.Since 80s,three dimensional images have been processed.Since 90s,w

22、ith the improvement of computer performance and extensive use,image processing processed.Since 90s,with the improvement of computer performance and extensive use,image processing technology has been involved in every corner of society.The image has gradually dominated the media and technology has be

23、en involved in every corner of society.The image has gradually dominated the media and produced many new industries and new opportunities.The future development of the image processing is produced many new industries and new opportunities.The future development of the image processing is limitless.D

24、igital image processing belongs to computer science,but 90%of it relies on mathematics.From this limitless.Digital image processing belongs to computer science,but 90%of it relies on mathematics.From this point of view,the digital image processing technology is a very ideal direction for the student

25、s of this specialty.point of view,the digital image processing technology is a very ideal direction for the students of this specialty.1.1.2 Image technology and image engineering1.1.2 Image technology and image engineering第7页/共105页第七页，共105页。n nWhich belongs to image technology?Which belongs to imag

26、e technology?Image technology is a general term for the technology concerned with images.It is a kind of Image technology is a general term for the technology concerned with images.It is a kind of comprehensive technical engineering.It includes image acquisition,acquisition,encoding,storage comprehe

27、nsive technical engineering.It includes image acquisition,acquisition,encoding,storage and transmission,image generation,display and output,image transformation,enhancement,and transmission,image generation,display and output,image transformation,enhancement,restoration and reconstruction,image segm

28、entation,target detection,expression and description,restoration and reconstruction,image segmentation,target detection,expression and description,feature extraction,image classification,image recognition,modeling and matching,image and feature extraction,image classification,image recognition,model

29、ing and matching,image and scene understanding.scene understanding.Narrow sense digital image processing refers to the enhancement,restoration and reconstruction of an Narrow sense digital image processing refers to the enhancement,restoration and reconstruction of an image.The object of operation i

30、s the pixel of an image,and the output is an image.image.The object of operation is the pixel of an image,and the output is an image.第8页/共105页第八页，共105页。n nWhat is image engineering?(generalized digital image processing)What is image engineering?(generalized digital image processing)It is composed of

31、 three systems:image processing,image analysis and image understanding.Image processing includes image It is composed of three systems:image processing,image analysis and image understanding.Image processing includes image acquisition and transformation from image to image,so as to improve the subje

32、ctive visual effect and to do preliminary processing for acquisition and transformation from image to image,so as to improve the subjective visual effect and to do preliminary processing for image analysis and image understanding.Image analysis is to extract the data of interest from the image to de

33、scribe the characteristics of image analysis and image understanding.Image analysis is to extract the data of interest from the image to describe the characteristics of the target in the image.Image understanding is based on image analysis to study the nature and relationship of each object,in order

34、 to the target in the image.Image understanding is based on image analysis to study the nature and relationship of each object,in order to get the understanding of the content of the image and explain the original scene.Image processing,image analysis and image get the understanding of the content o

35、f the image and explain the original scene.Image processing,image analysis and image understanding are three different abstract processes from low to high.This course focuses on image processing and analysis systems.understanding are three different abstract processes from low to high.This course fo

36、cuses on image processing and analysis systems.image processingimage understandingimage analysisAbstract degreeData quantityImageDataSymbol第9页/共105页第九页，共105页。1.1.3 Related disciplines and fields1.1.3 Related disciplines and fieldsn nImage engineering is a systematic study of various image theories,t

37、echniques and applications.Image engineering is a systematic study of various image theories,techniques and applications.From the research method,and mathematics,physics,psychology,biology,electronics,computer science can learn from each other,From the research method,and mathematics,physics,psychol

38、ogy,biology,electronics,computer science can learn from each other,from the scope of it,and pattern recognition,computer vision,computer graphics and other disciplines.from the scope of it,and pattern recognition,computer vision,computer graphics and other disciplines.第10页/共105页第十页，共105页。1.2 Image p

39、rocessing and analysis1.2 Image processing and analysis1.2.1 Image processing and analysis system1.2.1 Image processing and analysis system The image processing and analysis system includes the following modules:image acquisition module,image display module,image storage The image processing and ana

40、lysis system includes the following modules:image acquisition module,image display module,image storage module,image communication module and image processing and analysis module.module,image communication module and image processing and analysis module.1.2.2 Modular1.2.2 Modularn nImage acquisition

41、 module Image acquisition module n nImage display module Image display module n nImage storage module Image storage module n nImage communication module Image communication module n nImage processing and analysis moduleImage processing and analysis module第11页/共105页第十一页，共105页。1.2.1 The data structure

42、 of an image file1.2.1 The data structure of an image file The basic functions of a complete image processing program are:open image files,display images,image files for the The basic functions of a complete image processing program are:open image files,display images,image files for the specified p

43、rocessing,storage of image files.Since image files are large,they usually need to be compressed before storage.specified processing,storage of image files.Since image files are large,they usually need to be compressed before storage.So opening and storing image files involves the format of the file.

44、So opening and storing image files involves the format of the file.n nFormat of image fileFormat of image file The image file refers to the file containing the image data.In addition to the image data itself,the The image file refers to the file containing the image data.In addition to the image dat

45、a itself,the document generally has the image description information for the image to read and display.Represents a document generally has the image description information for the image to read and display.Represents a vector or raster form of an image.In vector form,the image is represented by a

46、series of line segments or line vector or raster form of an image.In vector form,the image is represented by a series of line segments or line segments,and the gray levels of the segments can be different.Each part of the composite body can be filled segments,and the gray levels of the segments can

47、be different.Each part of the composite body can be filled with different gray levels.A vector form file has a series of commands and data,and the result is an image.with different gray levels.A vector form file has a series of commands and data,and the result is an image.第12页/共105页第十二页，共105页。Image

48、data file is mainly raster form,that is,the image is a collection of image points,more suitable for complex Image data file is mainly raster form,that is,the image is a collection of image points,more suitable for complex images change.Its main drawback is the lack of links between objects and pixel

49、s,and changes in the image during the images change.Its main drawback is the lack of links between objects and pixels,and changes in the image during the expansion of the image.For example,common image file types are BMP,JPG,and so on.The image processing expansion of the image.For example,common im

50、age file types are BMP,JPG,and so on.The image processing program must consider the format of the image file,otherwise it is not possible to open and save the image file properly.program must consider the format of the image file,otherwise it is not possible to open and save the image file properly.