数据集操作学习教案.pptx
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1、数据数据(shj)集操作集操作第一页,共79页。Copyright Jerray,IBM Center,SCUT,2008.All rights reserved.IBM Center,SCUT4 数据(shj)集操作第1页/共79页第二页,共79页。Objectivesn nAfter completing this unit,Ull be able After completing this unit,Ull be able toto:n n了解什么是数据集(了解什么是数据集(Data SetData Set)n n了解数据集的分类了解数据集的分类n n掌握数据集命名规范(掌握数据集命名规
2、范(naming conventions naming conventions)n n熟练掌握数据集的建立熟练掌握数据集的建立(jinl)(jinl),删除和修改,删除和修改 第2页/共79页第三页,共79页。4.1数据(shj)集概念A data set is a collection of logically related data records stored on one disk storage volume or a set of volumes.数据集是存放(cnfng)在一个或一组盘卷上的逻辑相关的 数据的集合The logical record is the basic u
3、nit of information used by a program running on z/OS 在Z/OS系统中,一条逻辑记录是程序运行的基本信息单位第3页/共79页第四页,共79页。DataSet第4页/共79页第五页,共79页。What is a data set?数据集可以是:一段源程序一段文字(wnz)我们可以通过ISPF或TSO环境,去编辑,查看 数据集第5页/共79页第六页,共79页。4.2数据(shj)集存储数据可以存储在 DASD(Direct Access Storage Device直接存取存储设备),magnetic tape volume,or optical
4、 media.任何类型(lixng)的数据集都可以存储在 DASD上,但是只有 顺序数据集(sequential data sets)才能存在 magnetic tape 上.You can use DASD volumes for storing data and executable programs,including the operating system itself,and for temporary working storage.第6页/共79页第七页,共79页。4.3 数据(shj)访问方法QSAMBSAMBDAMBPAMVSAM第7页/共79页第八页,共79页。4.4 D
5、ASD4.4 DASD卷的使用卷的使用(sh(sh yng)yng)一个DASD卷可以用来:存储数据 和 可执行程序 一个DASD 卷上可以存放多个数据集,其上的空间是可以被重新分配和重用的 同一盘卷上的数据集的名称必须是唯一的,不可重名.数据集可以通过如下几个参数(cnsh)来定位 设备类型(device type),卷标号(volume serial number),数据集名(data set name).第8页/共79页第九页,共79页。4.4.1 区别(qbi)及术语DASDHAD卷柱面磁道CKD数据(shj)块第9页/共79页第十页,共79页。Cylinders(Cylinders(
6、柱面柱面)and)and Tracks(Tracks(磁道磁道)第10页/共79页第十一页,共79页。3390-3 容量(rngling)参数3390-33390-3型磁盘(型磁盘(DASDDASD)是目前主机系统上使用)是目前主机系统上使用(shyng)(shyng)最多的磁盘类型,最多的磁盘类型,主要的容量参数:主要的容量参数:-3339 CYL/VOL -3339 CYL/VOL (柱面(柱面/盘卷)盘卷)-15 TRKS/CYL -15 TRKS/CYL(磁道(磁道/柱面)柱面)-2.83 GB/VOL -2.83 GB/VOL -56664 B/TRK -56664 B/TRK 第1
7、1页/共79页第十二页,共79页。DASD terminologyDirect Access Storage Device(DASD)被称为磁盘驱动器A disk drive contains cylinders(柱面)Cylinders contain tracks(磁道)Tracks contain data records(数据(shj)记录)Data blocks(数据(shj)块)是DASD 的基本记录单位第12页/共79页第十三页,共79页。4.4.2 DASD标签(bioqin)n nWhy?Why?n n为了识别是哪一个为了识别是哪一个 DASD DASD 卷卷 ,卷上又存放了
8、哪些,卷上又存放了哪些数据集数据集n nDASD DASD 卷必须使用卷必须使用(sh(sh yng)yng)标准号(标准号(standard labelsstandard labels)n n标准号包括:标准号包括:a volume label,a data set a volume label,a data set label for each data set,and optional label for each data set,and optional user labels.A volume label,stored at user labels.A volume label,s
9、tored at track 0 of cylinder 0,identifies each track 0 of cylinder 0,identifies each DASD volume.DASD volume.n nA utility program initializes each DASD A utility program initializes each DASD volume before it is used on the system.volume before it is used on the system.The initialization program gen
10、erates the The initialization program generates the volume label and builds the volume volume label and builds the volume table of contentstable of contentsn n (VTOC).(VTOC).第13页/共79页第十四页,共79页。4.5 分配(fnpi)数据集n n要使用一个数据集,首先需要(xyo)分配(allocate it(establish a link to it),然后使用您选择的存取方法来存取数据n n分配一个数据集 mean
11、s either/both of two thingsn nTo set aside(create)space for a new data set on a disk.n nTo establish a logical link between a job step and any data set.第14页/共79页第十五页,共79页。Ways to allocate dataset?n nFour ways:Four ways:ISPF panel option 3.2Access Method ServicesTSO Allocate CommandUsing JCL第15页/共79页
12、第十六页,共79页。4.6 数据(shj)集命名数据集的名字(mng zi)可以由一个名字(mng zi)段(name segment)或 多个名字(mng zi)段以分隔符”.”组合起来构成.每一个名字(mng zi)段称为一个level qualifier.E.G.STV001.LAB1.DATA is composed of three name segments.MYID.JCL.FILE2 HLQ:MYID 3 qualifiers第16页/共79页第十七页,共79页。Data sets naming rulesUnique name 独一无二(d y w r):最长 44 个字符(
13、包括名字段 和 分隔符.)Maximum of 22 name segments:level qualifierThe first name in the left:high level qualifier(HLQ)The last name in the right:low level qualifier(LLQ)Level qualifiers are separated by.Each level qualifier:From 1 up to 8 charactersThe first must be alphabetical(A-Z)or special(#$)The 7 remain
14、ing:alphabetical,national,numeric(0-9)or hyphen(-)第17页/共79页第十八页,共79页。Data sets name bad example(HLQ.ABCDEFGHI.XYZ)(HLQ.ABC)(HLQ.ABC.)(HLQ.123.XYZ)第18页/共79页第十九页,共79页。第19页/共79页第二十页,共79页。Some name conventionsThe letters LIB somewhere in the name indicate that the data set is a library.The letters CNTL,
15、JCL,or JOB somewhere in the name typically indicate the data set contains JCL.The letters LOAD,LOADLIB,or LINKLIB in the name indicate that the data set contains executables.The letters PROC,PRC,or PROCLIB indicate a library of JCL procedures.Various combinations are used to indicate source code for
16、 a specific language,for example COBOL,Assembler,FORTRAN,PL/I,JAVA,C,or C+.第20页/共79页第二十一页,共79页。4.7 用JCL在DASD卷分配(fnpi)空间n nYou can specify the amount of space required in blocks,records,tracks,or cylinders.Logical records and blocksData set extents第21页/共79页第二十二页,共79页。Allocating space on DASD volumes第
17、22页/共79页第二十三页,共79页。Allocating space on DASD volumes第23页/共79页第二十四页,共79页。4.7.1逻辑(lu j)记录和块n nA logical record(LRECL)is a unit of information about a unit of processing.It is the smallest amount of data to be processed,and it is comprised of fields which contain information recognized by the processing
18、 applicationn nLogical records,when located in DASD,tape,or optical devices,are grouped in physical records named blocks(BLKSIZE).Each block of data on a DASD volume has a distinct location and a unique address第24页/共79页第二十五页,共79页。4.7.2 数据(shj)集分区Space for a disk data set is assigned in extents.An ex
19、tent is a contiguous number of disk drive tracks(or cylinders)Data sets can increase in extents as they grow.Older types of data sets can have up to 16 extents per volume.Newer types of data sets can have up to 128 or 255 extentsA data set organization based on extents is designed to maximize disk p
20、erformance.Reading or writing contiguous tracks is faster than reading or writing tracks Reading or writing contiguous tracks is faster than reading or writing tracks scattered over the disk,as might be the case if tracks were allocated scattered over the disk,as might be the case if tracks were all
21、ocated dynamically.dynamically.第25页/共79页第二十六页,共79页。4.8 数据(shj)集记录格式n nThe data set record formats are as follows:The data set record formats are as follows:F Fixed One physical block on disk is one logical record and all the blocks/records are the same sizeFB Fixed Blocked Several logical records ar
22、e combined into one physical block.V Variable One logical record as one physical block,The application is required to insert a four-byte Record Descriptor Word(RDW)at the beginning of the record.The RDW contains the length of the record plus the four bytes for the RDW.第26页/共79页第二十七页,共79页。Data set re
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