初中英语语音教学刘道义.pptx

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1、Questions for discussion(思考题）Why teach phonetics 为什么教语音？What kind of accent to teach 教哪种英语语音？What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？When to teach phonetics 何时安排语音教学？How to teach phonetics 怎样教语音？第1页/共77页Why teach phonetics Why teach phonetics 为什么教语音？To help lay a good foundation for learning To help lay a good fou

2、ndation for learning English vocabularyEnglish vocabulary 语音为词汇学习打基础语音为词汇学习打基础To help with listening and speaking To help with listening and speaking 语音影语音影响听说响听说To affect reading and writing To affect reading and writing 语音影响读写语音影响读写第2页/共77页Why teach phonetics Why teach phonetics 为什么教语音？To build up

3、 studentsconfidence in To build up studentsconfidence in learning English learning English 好语音能增强学习英语好语音能增强学习英语的信心的信心 To improve intelligibility To improve intelligibility 语音影响表意语音影响表意To create a favorable impressionTo create a favorable impression 语音语音影响形象影响形象第3页/共77页Why is teaching phonetics Why i

4、s teaching phonetics importantimportant?What What problemsproblems do students have do students have with English pronunciation?with English pronunciation?Using the wrong soundUsing the wrong soundMaking long vowels shortMaking long vowels shortLeaving sounds outLeaving sounds out第4页/共77页Why is teac

5、hing phonetics Why is teaching phonetics importantimportant?Adding soundsAdding soundsPutting stress on the wrong syllable in Putting stress on the wrong syllable in a worda wordPutting stress on the wrong word in a Putting stress on the wrong word in a sentencesentenceUsing the wrong intonation pat

6、tern Using the wrong intonation pattern (G.Poedjosoedarmo,2007 (G.Poedjosoedarmo,2007)第5页/共77页What kind of accent to teach What kind of accent to teach 教哪种英语语音？What are the main varieties of English What are the main varieties of English accent?accent?SSBSSB(Standard Southern British)(Standard South

7、ern British)rather than rather than RPRP(Received (Received Pronunciation)Pronunciation)GAGA(General American)(General American)第6页/共77页What kind of accent to teach What kind of accent to teach 教哪种英语语音？Which accent should we teachWhich accent should we teach？Either SSB or GA as a basisEither SSB or

8、GA as a basisBetter to Better to expose students to a expose students to a variety of accentsvariety of accents,so that they will,so that they will be able to understand most people be able to understand most people they meet.they meet.第7页/共77页What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？What is required in the Curricu

9、lum What is required in the Curriculum Standards?Standards?1.Pronunciation of 1.Pronunciation of 26 letters26 lettersa,e,i(y),o,u in stressed/unstressed a,e,i(y),o,u in stressed/unstressed syllablessyllablesVowel combinations in stressed Vowel combinations in stressed syllablessyllablesCommon vowel

10、combinations in Common vowel combinations in stressed syllablesstressed syllables第8页/共77页What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？Consonant combinations(ch,dg,th,Consonant combinations(ch,dg,th,tch,ph,ng,nk)tch,ph,ng,nk)Consonant clusters(bl-,cl-,fl-,Consonant clusters(bl-,cl-,fl-,gl-,br-,cr-,sm-,sp-,pr-,qu-)gl-,br

11、-,cr-,sm-,sp-,pr-,qu-)Syllabic soundsSyllabic sounds(ble,-ple,-cle,-(ble,-ple,-cle,-gle,-dle,-sin,-ten,-ven)gle,-dle,-sin,-ten,-ven)第9页/共77页2.Word stress and sentence 2.Word stress and sentence stressstress3.Sound variation3.Sound variationliaison liaison（连读）incomplete explosive incomplete explosive

12、 weak form weak form assimilation assimilation（同化）What to teach What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？第10页/共77页4.Intonation and rhythm4.Intonation and rhythmsense group and sense group and pausing pausing rising and falling tones rising and falling tones rhythmrhythmWhat to teach What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？第11页/共7

13、7页5.5.Use of pronunciation,intonation,stress Use of pronunciation,intonation,stress and rhythm in oral communicationand rhythm in oral communication6.Pronunciation and enunciation skills in 6.Pronunciation and enunciation skills in reading aloud and speechesreading aloud and speeches7.English pronun

14、ciation differences in 7.English pronunciation differences in major English speaking countries major English speaking countries(mainly taught in senior high school)(mainly taught in senior high school)What to teach What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？第12页/共77页Phonic workPhonic workWithout learning phonetic sym

15、bols Without learning phonetic symbols（IPAIPA）直拼）直拼法法 Letters have sounds.(24)Letters have sounds.(24)Sounds make up words.Sounds make up words.Letters combine in syllables to make Letters combine in syllables to make words.words.C CV VC CV VC CC CV VC CE E CC CCV VC CC CVVVVC C C CV VCC,etcCC,etc 第

16、13页/共77页Phonic workPhonic workWithout learning phonetic symbols Without learning phonetic symbols（IPAIPA）直拼）直拼法法Many words follow a regular pattern,Many words follow a regular pattern,but many dont.but many dont.Connect spelling with pronunciation Connect spelling with pronunciation 听其音知其形，见其形知其音听其音

17、知其形，见其形知其音第14页/共77页Letters have soundsLetters have soundsA a H h J j K kE e B b C c D d G g P p T t V vI i Y yO oU u Q q W w F f L l M m N n S s X x Z z R r第15页/共77页方法一：掐头法学读音方法一：掐头法学读音 读下列辅音字母名称音，将其第读下列辅音字母名称音，将其第一个音去掉，余下的音一个音去掉，余下的音 即为该字母在单词中的读音。即为该字母在单词中的读音。Example 1 案例一案例一Ff/ef/Ll/el/Mm/em/Nn/en

18、/Ss/es/Xx/eks/f/l/m/n/s/ks/第16页/共77页读下列辅音字母名称音，将其后面的音去掉，余下读下列辅音字母名称音，将其后面的音去掉，余下的音的音 即为该字母在单词中的读音。即为该字母在单词中的读音。Zz/zi:/Vv/vi:/Bb/bi:/Dd/di:/Cc/si:/Jj/d3eI/Pp/pi:/Kk/keI/Tt/ti:/b/s/k/d/d3/k/p/t/v/z/方法二：去尾法学音素方法二：去尾法学音素第17页/共77页读下列辅音字母在单词中的读音与汉语拼音读下列辅音字母在单词中的读音与汉语拼音g，h，y，w，r有相似之处，注意不要混淆。有相似之处，注意不要混淆。Gg

19、 Hh Yy Ww Rregg 鸡蛋鸡蛋hen 母鸡母鸡yes 是的是的well 好的好的red 红色的红色的/g/h/j/w/r/eg/hen/jes/wel/red/方法三：对比法学读音方法三：对比法学读音第18页/共77页Teach phonetic symbols Teach phonetic symbols（IPAIPA）教音标）教音标Vowels andVowels and consonantsconsonants元音和辅音的读音示范元音和辅音的读音示范有声版国际音标表第19页/共77页a,e,i(y),o,u in stressed syllablesa,e,i(y),o,u i

20、n stressed syllables Open CloseOpen Closea a n na ame/e/mme/e/ma ap/p/e e w we e/i:/w/i:/we et/e/t/e/i i h hi i/a/h/a/hi it/t/(y y)wh)why y/a/ph/a/phy ysics/sics/o o n no ote/nte/no ot/t/u u fl flu ute/u:/flte/u:/flu ush/sh/第20页/共77页a,e,i,o,u,y in unstressed syllablesa,e,i,o,u,y in unstressed syllab

21、les/a aboutboutb ba anannana ahundrhundre ed dparpare entntAprApri il l pencpenci il lsecseco ondndt to odaydayAugAugu ust st s su uccessccess/orora angengevillvilla agegesecrsecre et te elevenleventourtouri ist stEnglEngli ish sh LilLily y fortforty y第21页/共77页Vowel letter combinations in stressed s

22、yllablesR-syllablesR-syllablesar ar /:/:/arart ct carar f farar h harard gd garardendener er /:/h/:/her er h herers ts tererm nm nererve ve s sererviceviceir ir /:/s/:/sir ir b bir ird gd gir irl fl fir irm thm thir irtytyor or /:/:/or or f for or t tororn mn mororn fn fororty ty ur ur /:/:/ururge f

23、ge fur ur h hururt nt nururse tse tururningning 第22页/共77页Vowel letter&vowel letter combinations in Vowel letter&vowel letter combinations in stressed syllablesstressed syllables元音字母及其字母组合在重读音节中的读音/i:i:/e ea ee i iee ea ee i ie b be e eaeach fch feeeel poll poli ice fce fieieldld/i ei e b bi it t E E

24、nglandngland/e e/e e ea ea a a b be est hst heaead md ma anyny/a a b ba ank nk/u u o o b bu ut ct co ome me lovelove fr fro ont mnt mo otherther第23页/共77页Vowel letter&vowel letter combinations Vowel letter&vowel letter combinations in stressed syllablesin stressed syllables/:/or ore oor our al ar or

25、ore oor our al ar b bororn mn moreore d door oor f fourour c calall wl war ar au aw ou(gh)au aw ou(gh)c cauause drse draw aw br broughought t/:/a(n)a(s)a(th)al ar aua(n)a(s)a(th)al ar au d da ance clnce cla ass fss fa ather hther halalf ff fararm m auauntnt/ee/a ai ay eigha ai ay eigh c ca age rge r

26、aiain Mn Mayay eigheight t/aa/i ie igh yi ie igh y h hi ike dke die ie l lighight flt fly y/o o o(ld)o(st)oa owo(ld)o(st)oa ow h ho ope hpe ho old mld mo ost rst roaoad grd growow第24页/共77页Vowel letter&vowel letter combinations Vowel letter&vowel letter combinations in stressed syllablesin stressed s

27、yllables/:/er ir ur or earer ir ur or ear c cerertain ftain firsirst tt tururn wn worord d earearlyly/u oo ou u oo ou full foot could full foot could/u:u:/u o oo ew u o oo ew bl blu ue me mo ove cve cooool fll flewew/ju:ju:/u ewu ew u use nse newew/o a o a cr cro op wp wa antnt第25页/共77页Vowel letter&

28、vowel letter combinations Vowel letter&vowel letter combinations in stressed syllablesin stressed syllables/aa/ou owou ow c couount brnt browown n/oi oyoi oy c coioin tn toyoy/ea ear eer ereea ear eer ere id ideaea d dearear d deereer h hereere/ee/air are ear eir ereair are ear eir ere ch chair air

29、c careare b bearear th their eir wh whereere/our ure oor our ure oor t tour our s sure ure p poor oor 第26页/共77页Sounds make up wordsSounds make up wordsLetters combine in syllables to make words.Letters combine in syllables to make words.C CV V(V V)he she no by hi tea die dayhe she no by hi tea die d

30、ay V VC(C)at is us on off ebb add antC(C)at is us on off ebb add ant C CV VC hat hen did top cut get fan vanC hat hen did top cut get fan van C CV VC CE E hate Pete home cute kite famehate Pete home cute kite fame CC CCV VC thin ship than chat shot knot C thin ship than chat shot knot plplugug C CVV

31、VVC lead coat loud food foot dialC lead coat loud food foot dial C CV VCC fish cash neck bank cent wantCC fish cash neck bank cent wantMany words follow a regular pattern,but many dont.Many words follow a regular pattern,but many dont.giv give e hav have e t tw wo ono one e clim climb b of oft ten W

32、een Wed dn ne esdaysday 第27页/共77页Can you read these words?Can you read these words?dab den cod cluck braid dadodab den cod cluck braid dado轻拍轻拍 巢穴巢穴 鳕鳕 咯咯叫咯咯叫 辫子辫子 墙裙墙裙 duck chuck chuckleduck chuck chuckle 抛，扔抛，扔 暗自笑暗自笑lot log loggerheadlot log loggerhead 原木原木 笨蛋笨蛋fun fund fundamentalfun fund fundam

33、ental 基金基金 基本的基本的第28页/共77页Word syllablescot cotcot cottage cottage cottager tager 幼儿床幼儿床 村舍村舍 村民村民 pan panpan panel panel panelistelist 专门小组专门小组 小组成员小组成员myth myth mythmythical mythical mytho ologylogy 神话的神话的 神话神话第29页/共77页第30页/共77页Assignment 1 作业（1）请对您正在使用的一册初中课本中的词汇做一调查，把符合拼读规则的单词挑出来，按照元音字母或元音字母组合在重

34、读音节中的拼读规则归类。第31页/共77页Consonants&common consonant combinationsConsonants&common consonant combinations b/b/b/b/c /k/,/s/c /k/,/s/d/d/d/d/f /f/f /f/g/g/,/d/,/d/h/h/h/h/j /dj /d/k/k/k/k/l /l/l /l/，/m/m/m/m/n /n/n /n/p /p/p /p/q /k/q /k/r /r/r /r/s /s/,/z/s /s/,/z/t /t/t /t/v /v/v /v/w /w/w /w/x /ks/x /

35、ks/y /j/y /j/z /z/z /z/ch/tch/t/,/k/,/k/ck /k/ck /k/dr /dr/dr /dr/ds/ds/ds/ds/gh/-/f/gh/-/f/kn/n/kn/n/ng/ng/ph/f/ph/f/sh/sh/th /,/th /,/tr /tr/tr /tr/ts /ts/ts /ts/wh/w/,/h/wh/w/,/h/wr /r/wr /r/第32页/共77页Consonant clustersConsonant clusters/pl-/please /pl-/please /pr-/pride /sl-/slow/pr-/pride /sl-/s

36、low/bl-/bleed /bl-/bleed /fr-/fry /fr-/fry /sm-/smoke /sm-/smoke/fl-/fleet /fl-/fleet /kr-/cry /kr-/cry /sn-/snow /sn-/snow/kl-/clean /kl-/clean /r-/gride /sw-/swan/r-/gride /sw-/swan/l-/gleam /l-/gleam /br-/bright /br-/bright /sp-/sp-/speakspeak/r-/through r-/through /sk-/sk-/skateskate /st-/st-/st

37、arstar第33页/共77页Syllabic soundsSyllabic sounds/b/,/p/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/,/f/,/v/,/b/,/p/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/,/f/,/v/,/s/,/z/,/s/,/z/,/+/m/,/n/,/l/+/m/,/n/,/l/Examples:Examples:able apple little middle uncle able apple little middle uncle single of single oftenten novel per novel personson rea reasonson bot bott

38、om tom se seven ven pencil puzzle les pencil puzzle lessonson fafashionshion verversionsion第34页/共77页Assignment 2 Assignment 2 作业（作业（2 2）请根据前面列举的辅音字母和辅音字母组合的拼读规则，从现行初中课本中找出合适的例词来，完成以下表格。表格的开头示例如下：辅音字母和辅音字母组合的读音辅音字母和辅音字母组合的读音b/b/back bag buy table bring bright c/k/car cat card catch close clean /s/fac

39、e city pencil第35页/共77页Word stressWord stressA word with two or more than two A word with two or more than two syllables has word stress.syllables has word stress.Two syllables Two syllables doctor teacher worker .doctor teacher worker .again repeat excuse .again repeat excuse .第36页/共77页Word stressWo

40、rd stressThree syllables or more Three syllables or more elephant Saturday exercise visitor elephant Saturday exercise visitor.tomato expensive suggestion.tomato expensive suggestion.a ability albility alternativeternative 第37页/共77页Sentence stressSentence stress a a book book a a ChiChinese book nes

41、e book inkink and and papaperperLiaison Liaison a an n E English class breanglish class bread d a and milk nd milk i it t i is thes ther re e i is goos good d i ideadea thin think ak aboubout t i it at as s a a matte matter r o of factf fact第38页/共77页Incomplete explosionIncomplete explosion righ righ

42、t t now aroun now around d the corner the corner don dont t know eg know egg g plant plant eigh eight t pi pic ctures astures ask k the do the doc ctortorSound changeSound change Woul Would d you.?Nice to meeyou.?Nice to meet t you.you.Di Did d you.?you.?第39页/共77页Intonation the falling and rising to

43、nesIntonation the falling and rising tones Im an English teacher.Sit down,please.第40页/共77页Intonation the falling and rising tonesIntonation the falling and rising tonesWhose eraser is this?Is the book on the shelf yours?Are the boxes yours or theirs?._ ._ ._ .第41页/共77页You dont have any brother or si

44、ster,do you?What a beautiful day,isnt it？.第42页/共77页Sense group,pausing and rhythmpausing and rhythm TwinTwinkle,kle,twintwinkle,kle,litlittle tle starstar,HowHow I I wonwonder der whatwhat you you areare.Up Up a abovbove the e the worldworld so so highhigh,LikeLike a a didiamond amond inin the the s

45、kysky.TwinTwinkle,kle,twin twinkle,kle,litlittle tle starstar,HowHow I I wonwonder der whatwhat you you areare.He He saidsaidthat he that he wouwouldnt be ldnt be a able ble to to comcome e totomomorrowrrow.第43页/共77页Assignment 3 Assignment 3 作业（作业（3 3）请朗读下面一首小诗，并标出重读音节和语调：请朗读下面一首小诗，并标出重读音节和语调：Who ha

46、s seen the wind?Neither I nor you.But when the leaves hang trembling The wind is passing thro.第44页/共77页Assignment 3 Assignment 3 作业（作业（3 3）请朗读下面一首小诗，并标出重读音节和语调：请朗读下面一首小诗，并标出重读音节和语调：Who has seen the wind?Neither you nor I.But when the trees bow down their heads The wind is passing by.Cristina Rossett

47、i第45页/共77页When to teach phonetics When to teach phonetics 何时安排语音教学？何时安排语音教学？Pronunciation practice should come Pronunciation practice should come more often at the beginning stage.more often at the beginning stage.起起始阶段安排语音教学始阶段安排语音教学Correcting a pronunciation error on Correcting a pronunciation err

48、or on the spot the spot 当场纠音当场纠音语音教学贯穿英语教学的全过程第46页/共77页When to teach phonetics When to teach phonetics 何时安排语音教学？何时安排语音教学？A planned activity which is in A planned activity which is in conjunction with focus on words and conjunction with focus on words and structure.structure.结合词汇与句型教学结合词汇与句型教学Phoneti

49、cs should be taught in Phonetics should be taught in connection with meaningful language connection with meaningful language practice(e.g.with listening,speaking,practice(e.g.with listening,speaking,reading and writing practice).reading and writing practice).结合四项结合四项技能训练进行技能训练进行第47页/共77页Three stages

50、 of phonetic teaching in junior Three stages of phonetic teaching in junior high schoolhigh schoolStage 1 From letters to sounds:Stage 1 From letters to sounds:a a n na ame me e e h he e i i k ki ite te o o n no o u u bl blu ue eStage 2 From sounds to letters or letter Stage 2 From sounds to letters