语法：构词法学案 初高中衔接.doc

《语法：构词法学案 初高中衔接.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《语法：构词法学案 初高中衔接.doc（9页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、 上 课 讲 义班级名称： 高一衔接班 上课时间： 任课教师： 课题 第一讲：英语构词法（Word Formation)知 识 重 难 点1. 能准确的理解,掌握英语中常见的构词法2. 学会将所学的内容，灵活的运用在阅读理解和单词的积累方面。要点解析初中英语常用构词法归纳有些生词考生可以通过构词法去猜测其意，所以要求考生熟悉初中出现的英语构词法，并熟练其构成和含义。下面是对初中阶段出现的重点构词法的归纳，希望各位老师、同学认真阅读并掌握，希望对各位考生有所帮助。1. 合成法 (A+B=C)合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力，在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。1)名词+名词名词basket(

2、篮子)+ball(球) book (书) +shop(商店) book(书) + store(商店) house(房子) +work(劳动) home(家庭) + work(工作) 2) 形容词+名词名词black(黑色的)+board(木板) English(英国的)+man(人) loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) 3) 介词+名词名词(或形容词)after(在后)+noon(正午) under(在下面)+ground (地面) 4) 名词+过去分词形容词man(人)+made(做) 5) 名词(形容词)+名词+ed形容词glass(玻璃)+topped(顶部的) kind(善良

3、的)+hearted(心) 6) 副词+名词介词in(里面)+side(边) down(在下)+stairs(楼梯) 2.派生法派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。它不仅扩充了英语词汇，而且丰富了语言的表现力。后缀(后缀多数改变词性而不改变词义)：一，名词（冠、介、形、动、形物+名词）- 名词复数、名词所有格后缀1.构成(1) er worker / teacher / speaker / robber 举例-(2) or visitor / inventor / actor / director 举例-(3) ist scientist / pianist 举例-(4) dom fre

4、edom 举例-(5) ship friendship / relationship 举例-(6) ess waitress / actress 举例-(7) ing drawing / painting / cooking / building 举例-(8) ion（动词以-t 或-te结尾） invention / operation / pollution 特例： invitation organization 举例-(9) ment（动词不以-t 或-te结尾） development / movement / improvement 举例-(10) ness (adj. + ness

5、) kindness / illness / sadness 举例-(11) th warmth / growth / strength / length 举例-(12) tce different- difference important- importance 举例-(13) +t weigh-weight high-height 举例-2.用法(1) 冠词(a / an / the +名词) e.g. Do you know the _ (weigh) of this elephant?(2) 介词( in / on / at / between -+名词) e.g. What do

6、you think of _ (live) in Changzhou?(3) adj.+n. e.g. Did you see the strange _ (visit) in this street last night?(4) v. + n. e.g. What will you do when you face _ (dangerous)?(5) 形物+n. e.g. Walk out of your _ (build), and youll find it on your right.二，形容词1.构成(1) -able fashionable / comfortable / enjo

7、yable 举例-(2) -al educational / national / traditional / natural / cultural 举例-(3) n Australian / American 举例-(4) en wooden / golden / woolen 举例-(5) ern eastern / western / southern / northern 举例-(6) ful thoughtful / thankful / helpful 举例-(7) ive creative / imaginative 举例-(8) ish British 举例-(9) y rai

8、ny / windy / cloudy / noisy / shiny / icy / sunny / funny / foggy 举例-(10) ly friendly / lively / lovely / lonely / weekly 举例-(11) ous dangerous / poisonous / humorous 举例-(12) -ing / ed surprising / surprised interesting / interested developing / developed 举例- 2. 用法 (1) 修饰n. a / an / the / some / any

9、 + adj. + n.(2) 连系动词+adj. be / become; look / smell / taste / sound / feel; get / turn / go / grow; keep / seem(3) 做宾补 find / think / consider / believe / keep sb. / sth. + adj. Keep the classroom _ (quiet). 三，副词 1.构成(1) ly slowly / quickly举例-(2) e+ly widely / wisely / politely / safely举例-(3) le 变成l

10、y possible-possibly举例-(4) 辅+y 变y为i +ly happily / heavily举例-(5) good- well2. 用法 (修饰v. / adj. / adv. / 整个句子) e.g. He runs _ (quick).He felt _ (terrible) sorry about it.He did it quite well._ (sad), its difficult for giant pandas to survive in the wild.前缀(1) im- : possible / polite / patient im- (不，无，非

11、，表示否定，形容词前缀，常用在p, b, m开头的单词前)举例-(2) in- : correct / complete / active in- (不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)举例-(4) dis- : honest / like / appear / agreedis-(不，非，表示否定，动词或形容词或名词前缀)举例-(5) un- : happy / kind / important / pleasant / healthy / luckyun- (不，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)举例-（6) re- (再，重复)tell 叙述 retell复述 举例-（7）mis- (表示错误)u

12、nderstand misunderstand (误解) 举例-（8） kilo- (千) 举例-（9) micro- (微，小)microwave oven 微波炉 （10) inter- (相互、交互、在一起)interview 举例-前缀(前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性)：3. 转化法在英语发展过程中，由于词尾的基本消失，衍生出一种新的构词法转化法，而无须借助词缀，就实现词类的转化。1) 名词动词rain n.雨 rain v.下雨 shop n. 商店 shop v.购物water n.水 water v.浇水 land n.陆地 land v.着陆 name n.名字 name

13、 v.命名注意 不少动词转化为名词或名词转化为动词，词义没有什么大变化，易于推测出词义。如：answer(回答)，change(变化), fight(打架), love(爱), rest(休息), smile(微笑), shout(喊), study(学习), talk(谈话), visit(访问), wish(希望), work(工作)等。2)形容词动词last adj.最后的 last v.持续 tidy adj.整洁的 tidy v.使整洁 own adj.自己的 own v.拥有3) 形容词名词back adj.后面的 back n.背部，后面 light adj.明亮的 light

14、n.灯4) 动词名词stop v.停止 stop n.车站 lift v.举起 lift n.电梯注意词形不变，读音的差别(字母s读z为动词，读s为名词或形容词)use v.使用 use n.用途 excuse v.原谅 excuse n.借口词形改变的转化：live v.生活 life n.生活 fill v.装满 full adj.满的 save v.救 safe adj.安全的enter v.进入 entrance n.入口处 different adj.不同的 difference n.不同之语法巩固-英语构词法（课堂练习）A: 名词后加 “y”变成形容词sun-_( ) wind -

15、_( ) cloud -_( ) rain -_( ) snow -_( ) fun-_( ) health -_( ) noise -_( ) salt-_( ) tourist -_( ) fur -_( )luck -_( )sleep -_( ) sand -_( ) B: 名词后加 “-full” “-less”变成形容词care -_( )_( ) use-_( )_( ) colour-_( ) _( ) help-_( ) _( )hope -_( )_( )harm -_( ) _( )success-_( )wonder-_( ) peace-_( )play-_( )sl

16、eep -_( ) home-_( )C: 名词后加 “-ern”变成形容词east-_( )west -_( )south-_( )north-_( )D: 名词后加 “-al”变成形容词person-_( )education-_( )tradition-_( ) medicine-_( )music -_( )E: 名词后加 “-ed”变成形容词talent-_( ) balance-_( ) F:名词后加 “-ly”变成形容词friend-_( ) love-_( ) G: 名词后加 “-ous”变成形容词danger-_( ) mystery-_( ) H: 名词后加 “-en”变成

17、形容词wool-_( ) wood-_( ) I: 名词转化为形容词的不规则变化energy-_( ) athlete-_( ) hunger-_( ) pride-_( ) death-_( ) science-_( ) knowledge-_( ) anger-_( )Africa-_( ) America-_( ) Asia-_( ) Australia-_( )Brazil-_( ) Canada-_( ) China-_( ) England-_( )France-_( ) India-_( ) Italy-_( ) Japan-_( )Russia-_( ) Swede-_( )

18、动词变名词work-_(工作者) sing-_(歌手) teach-_(教师) drive-_(司机) write-_(作家) dance-_(舞蹈家)win-_(获胜者) run-_(赛跑者) swim-_(游泳者)act-_(演员) collect-_(收藏家) direct-_(主管)visit-_(参观者) invent-_(发明家) translate-_(翻译家)educate-_(教育) describe-_(描述) predit-_(预言)collect-_(收藏) invent-_(发明) build-_(建筑物)mean-_(意思) meet-_(会议) cross-_(路

19、口)turn-_(转弯处) decide-_(决定) die-_(死亡)fly-_(飞行) know-_(知识) please-_(高兴)pronounce-_(发音) mix-_(混合物)please-_(令人高兴的)-_(感到高兴的) surprise-_(令人惊讶的的) -_(感到惊讶的)excite-_(令人兴奋的) -_(感到兴奋的) interest-_(令人感兴趣的)-_( 感兴趣的)worry-_(令人担忧的) -_(感到担忧的)amaze, annoy, bore, disappoint, embarrass, frustrate, relax, terrify, thril

20、l, tire等形容词的变化。A: 形容词变副词。quick-_( ) strong-_( ) heavy-_( ) angry-_( ) happy-_( ) lucky-_( ) healthy-_( ) noisy-_( ) usual-_( ) careful-_( ) real-_( ) successful-_( ) terrible-_( ) possible-_( ) B: 形容词变名词。Kind-_( )happy-_( )ill-_( ) safe-_( )confident-_( )important-_( )different-_( )true-_( )high-_(

21、)语法巩固-英语构词法（课外练习）1.That man was_enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his_ is heavier than Mount Tai. A.die B.dead C.died D.death 3.The child looked_at his brother who was badly wounded. A.sadly

22、 B.sadness C.sadly D.sad 4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a _. A.chemistry B.chemical C.chemist D.physician 5.The three- _chair isnt suitable for a young child.He may fall off. A.legging B.legged C.legs D.leged 6.Stephenson became the_railway engineer in the world. A.lead B.leader C.le

23、ading D.leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked_about at his classmates. A.proud B.proudly C.pride D.pridely 8.To everyones _，the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.satisfaction 9.What are you doing here? Oh，my

24、teacher asked me to write a passage about _in English. You can write_passage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-words C.600 words；a 600-wordD.600 words；a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the_of the police. A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permits 11.You must co

25、me with us to the police _.Our head is waiting for you. A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache 12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it _. A.intend B.intention C.intentionally D.intentional 13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a_smile. A.practice B.practise C.pra

26、ctical D.practiced 14.The_ordered him to pay a $100 fine. A.judger B.judgment C.judge D.judgement 15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the_news about Iraq War? A.lately B.latest C.later D.latter 16. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in _. A.longer B.length C.long D.longing 17.To my _，I

27、 passed the exam easily. A.joy B.joyful C.joyless D.joyness 18.Canada is mainly an_country. A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken 19.How_ he is! He is always acting_.He is really a _. A.foolish；foolishly；fool B.fool；foolish；fool C.foolish；fool；fool D.foolishly；foolish；

28、fool 20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.Its of great _. A.valuable B.value C.valueless D.unvaluable 21.There were_fish in the river in South America. A.in danger B.danger C.dangerous D.dangerless 22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is_. A.sound B.silent C.silence D.sounded 23.The chil

29、d looked at me_. A.stranger B.strangely C.strange D.strangeless 24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their_bravely. A.free B.freely C.freedom D.frees 25.What you said sounded_ but in fact it was untrue. A.reasonable B.reasonful C.reasonless D.unreason 26.We have to learn_technolog

30、y from other countries. A.advance B.advancing C.advantage D.advanced 27.The children live in a village _.They come here almost every day. A.nearby B.near C.nearly D.near by 28.Mr Black is an _in the army，not an_in the government.You can not easily find him in his_. A.official；officer；office B.officer；office；official C.official；official；official D.officer；official；office 29.Youd better give up smoking if you want to keep _. A.health B.healthy C.healthily D.healthier 30._ speaking，I didnt do it on purpose. A.HonestlyB.Honest C.Honesty D.Dishonest