2023年高考英语新时政热点阅读16历史故事(含解析).pdf

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1、11322034“”56“”2022200,000 miles from Earth,the crew of the third manned mission to the Moon faced an astronauts worst nightmare:an explosion on the spacecraft.Its what happened in the Oscar-winning film Apollo 13,but its also a true story.The lift-off of Apollo 13 took place on 11th April 1970.Two d

2、ays into the mission,the three-man crew were in big trouble.They had been carrying out routine checks when there was a loud bang.Warning lights were starting to flash.Looking out into space,they could see a trail of gas the spacecraft was leaking oxygen.They sent out a short message to the scientist

3、s back on Earth:“Houston,weve had a problem here.”At first,they thought that a meteor()had hit them,but they later found out that a short circuit had caused an oxygen container to explode.Whatever the cause,they knew there was no time to lose.Their electricity supply in the command module()depended

4、on that oxygen and pretty soon they would run out of both.The only solution was to move into the lunar module the section of the spacecraft that would have landed on the Moon.Now though,they were using it as a kind of lifeboat.With its own power supply,oxygen and water,the three men could survive in

5、 the lunar module and return to Earth.There was another problem though.In an enclosed space like a lunar module,the carbon dioxide the crew was breathing out was dangerous.The equipment to clear the air of carbon dioxide was only built for two people.Now it had to deal with three.Amazingly,the crew

6、managed to build an adapter out of materials onboard to reduce the carbon dioxide to a safe level.There was one final hindrance.The lunar module wasnt strong enough to re-enter Earths atmosphere so the crew had to go back into the damaged command module.To everyones relief,the crew of Apollo 13 arri

7、ved safely in the South Pacific Ocean on April 17th.Although the crew didnt land on the Moon,NASA still considered the mission a success.1What was the astronauts first reaction to the explosion?AThey went out to land on the Moon.BThey informed scientists on Earth.CThey moved into the lunar module.DT

8、hey looked into the cause of the explosion.2How did the astronauts solve their air situation in the lunar module?ABy moving back to the command module.BBy lowering the carbon dioxide level.CBy creating a new oxygen supply.DBy limiting the oxygen use.3What does the underlined word in the last paragra

9、ph mean?ASurprise.BMission.CObstacle.DCircumstance.4Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AA Successful MissionBAn Amazing AdventureCDeep Space ExplorationDLife-and-Death Drama in Space2022Two of naturalist Charles Darwins notebooks that were reported stolen from Cambridge Univer

10、sitys library have been returned,two decades after they disappeared.The university said on Tuesday that the manuscripts were left in the library inside a pink gift bag,along with a note wishing the librarian a happy Easter.The notebooks,which include the 19th-century scientists famous 1837“Tree of L

11、ife”sketch on evolution,went missing in 2001 after being removed for photographing,though at the time the staff believed they might have been misplaced.After the staff had searched the librarys collection of 10 million books,maps and manuscripts,but failed to find them,they were reported to police i

12、n October 2020 as stolen.Darwin filled the notebooks with ideas shortly after returning from his voyage around the world on the ship HMS Beagle,developing ideas that would bloom into his landmark work on evolution On the Origin of Species.The notebooks are estimated to be valued at millions of dolla

13、rs.On March 9,2022,the books reappeared,left in a public area of the library,outside the librarians office,which is not covered by security cameras.The universitys director of library services,Jessica Gardner,said her relief at the books reappearance was“profound and almost impossible to properly ex

14、press.”“The notebooks can now retake their rightful place alongside the rest of the Darwin archives(档案)at Cambridge,at the heart of the nations cultural and scientific heritage,alongside the archives of Sir Isaac Newton and Professor Stephen Hawking,”she said.The notebooks are set to go on public di

15、splay from July as part of a Darwin exhibition at the library.Cambridgeshire police said their investigation was continuing,“and we are following up some lines of inquiry.We also renew our appeal for anyone with information about the case to contact us,”the force said.5What caused the notebooks to g

16、o missing?ABeing left in a pink plastic bag.BGetting removed by two naturalists.CGetting mixed with other collections.DBeing taken away for taking pictures.6Why werent the notebooks reported to the police until 2020?AThe staff had misplaced them.BThe staff misjudged the situation.CThe notebooks were

17、 guaranteed to be returned.DThe notebooks were too worthless to be reported.7How did Jessica Gardner feel about the reappearance of the notebooks?AAnxious.BDisturbed.CIndifferent.DOverjoyed.8What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AThe police were to drop the case.BNew witnesses have come forwa

18、rd.CThe stealer has yet to be determined.DThe investigation came to a dead end.03（2022浙江省长兴中学模拟预测）Many of Chinas ancient architectural treasures smashed to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s.The husband and wife team were among the first preservationists to

19、operate in China,and by far the best known.Their efforts have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.Becoming Chinas best architectural historians was no easy accomplishment.The buildings they wanted to save were centuries old loc

20、ated in distant parts of the country.In many cases,they had to journey through dangerous conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them.Exploring Chinas remote areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy,poorly maintained roads by mule(骡子)or on foot.Inns were often dirty,food could be polluted

21、,and there was always risk or violence from rebels,soldiers and robbers.Their greatest discovery was the Temple of Buddhas Light,in Wutai County,Shanxi Province.The breathtaking wooden temple was built in 857 A D,making it the oldest building known in China at the time.Liang and Lin crawled into the

22、 temples most forbidding,forgotten areas to determine its age,including one hideaway inhibited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs,covered in dust and littered with dead bats.“In complete darkness and among the awful smell,hardly breathing,with thick masks covering our noses and mouths,we m

23、easured,drew,and photographed with flashlights for several hours.When at last we came out to take a breath of fresh air,we found hundreds of bedbugs in our bag.We ourselves had been badly bitten.Yet the importance and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for a

24、ncient architecture.”Liand wrote of the experience in an account included in“Liang and Lin;Partners in Exploring Chinas Architectual Past.”9On their way to the ancient buildings,what kind of difficulties and risks do Liang and Lin face?APoor accommodations and personal security.BPoor accommodations

25、and smelly areas.CBroken vehicles and violence from robbers.DBroken vehicles and muddy roads.10Liang and Lin raised public awareness of _.Adocumenting smashed historical buildings Brebuilding historically valuable buildings Csaving the oldest temples in China Dprotecting historical buildings.11Which

26、 of the following is the best title for the passage?ACreativeness results in discovery BDifficulty produces achievement CEfforts contribute to happiness DResponsibilities contribute to development 04 （2022江西兴国中学二模）In November of 1902 President Theodore Roosevelt,a noted hunting enthusiast,had been i

27、nvited to join a bear hunt near the town of Smedes,Mississippi.When the President had initially proven unsuccessful on this hunt,guide Holt Collier determined to find a suitable quarry(猎物)for Roosevelt.Tracking a 235-pound bear to a watering hole,Collier knocked out the unfortunate bear and tied it

28、securely to a nearby tree.A messenger was sent for the President,but when Roosevelt arrived he was unimpressed by the sight of a bound,dazed and bleeding bear.He had been shocked and disappointed by this unfamiliar method of hunting,using packs of dogs to track,flush out and wear down the prey while

29、 the hunter need only lie in wait for the animal to be driven to him.This was far from the physical challenge Roosevelt was accustomed to and fond of.He not only refused to claim the bear himself,but forbade anyone else from doing so as well.Regrettably,the rarely repeated resolution to the story do

30、es not include a happy ending for the bear.Seeing the condition of the injured bear,which had been badly bitten by the dogs,Roosevelt asked that it be put out of its misery.Reporters with the hunting party soon spread news of Roosevelts fair play nationwide.Among those inspired by the story was Wash

31、ington Post political cartoonist Clifford Berryman,who produced a wildly popular cartoon of the incident.New York City storeowners Morris and Rose Michtom were further inspired by the cartoon,and Mrs.Michtom produced two stuffed bears for sale in their shop.The Michtom family even claimed to have wr

32、itten to Roosevelt and received permission to attach his name to the toy.“Teddys bear”swiftly became a hit,and later an enduring pop-culture symbol that has long outlasted its inspiration and namesake.12What did President Roosevelt think of the method of hunting?ANovel.BUnacceptable.CTraditional.DEf

33、fective.13What probably happened to the bear in the end?AIt bled to death.BIt was set free by the president.CIt was taken to a shelter.DIt was killed at Roosevelts request.14What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThe cartoon was named after President Roosevelt.BThe Michtoms were on good terms wi

34、th Roosevelt.CPeople thought highly of Roosevelts attitude to animals.DThe incident had a bad influence on the Michtom family.15What can be the best title for the text?AAn Unlucky Bear BHistory of the Teddy Bear CA Merciful President DA Successful Stuffed Toy 05（2022河南高三专题练习）As for Benjamin Franklin

35、s kite-and-key experiment,most people are aware of the version in which Franklin“discovered”electricity when lightning struck his kite.However,several details about this experiment are unknown,including when and where it happened.Some historians even doubt whether it took place.In fact,electricity h

36、ad already been used for centuries before Franklins experiment.Franklin lived from 1706 to 1790 when electricity was understood 0S the interaction between two different fluids(流体),which Franklin later referred to as“plus”and“minus”.It was unknown before Franklins experiment whether lightning was ele

37、ctrical,though some scientists,including Franklin,had guessed just that.Franklin was particularly interested in this because lightning strikes had caused disastrous fires where houses were made of wood.Actually,by creating a lightning rod(避雷针),Franklin helped to protect wooden buildings from being s

38、truck by lightning.A few publications reported the experiment.In 1771 Franklin referred to the experiment in his autobiography,and other colleagues also wrote about it.Notably,the experiment appeared in“History and Present Status of Electricity”by Joseph Priestley.Priestley heard about the kite and

39、key experiment from Franklin himself around 15 years after the fact,and in his book，he wrote it occurred in June 1752.However,in a book by Tom Tucker,he noted Franklins description of his experiment was phrased in the future conditional tense:“As soon as any of the Thunder Clouds come over the Kite,

40、the pointed Wire will draw the Electric Fire from them.”Franklin could have simply been saying that the experiment could,in theory,be performed.Given that his statement has a few missing detailsFranklin didnt list a date,time or location,for example its possible that Franklin did not perform the exp

41、eriment himself.However,some historians remain unconvinced that the experiment wasnt carried out.Franklin experts,such as biographer Carl Van Doren,also point to the fact that Priestley specified the month in which Franklin performed his experiment,suggesting that Franklin must have given him precis

42、e details directly.16What was Franklins achievement?AHe invented the lightning rod.BHe discovered electricity.CHe thought of ways to control fire.DHe improved the structure of homes.17What can we learn from paragraph 4?AFranklin lived in the 17th century.BPriestleys book came out in 1786.CPriestley

43、and Franklin were close friends.DPriestley wrote the experiment happened in summer.18Why was the future conditional tense stressed by Tucker?ATo indicate he was good at observing.BTo point out Franklin was careless in writing.CTo show Franklin was just saying a possibility.DTo prove Franklin did the

44、 experiment by himself.19What is mainly talked about in the text?AThe discovery of electricity.BThe development of the lightning rod.CBenjamin Franklins autobiography.DDifferent opinions on Franklins experiment.06（2022江西新余二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Honoring teachers and their intelligence

45、has always been a tradition in China.Since ancient times,teachers _20_(respect)as messengers of wisdom.The famous Chinese idiom,“Cheng Men Li Xue”,which _21_(literal)means“standing in the snow at the gate of Chengs home”,is a wonderful example.“Cheng”refers to Cheng Yi,a leading _22_(educate)of Neo-

46、Confucianism in the Song Dynasty.Attracted by Chengs theory,Yang Shi,a talented and hardworking young man,worshiped Cheng as his mentor.One day,Yang and his friend had different opinions on one question and went to Chengs home for advice.It was in the middle of winter.Feeling _23_(freeze)by the wind

47、 and snow,the two men wrapped _24_(they)tightly in their clothes and hurried on.When they arrived at Chengs place,the gatekeeper said the master _25_(take)a nap.The two students did not complain.Instead,they chose not _26_(disturb)the teacher and waited outside the door,standing in heavy snowfall.Af

48、ter quite some time,Cheng,upon waking up,became aware _27_ his students had been standing in the snow for a while _28_ immediately invited them to come in.Deeply moved by their patience,Cheng gave detailed answers _29_ the students questions.After years of study,Yang finally achieved his life goal a

49、s a great scholar.参考答案：1B2B3C4D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影阿波罗 13 号背后真实发生在太空的生死逃亡的故事。1细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They had been carrying out routine checks when there was a loud bang.They sent out a short message to the scientists back on Earth:“Houston,weve had a problem here.”(他们正在进行例行检查，突然听到一声巨响。他们给地球上的科学家们发了一条短信：“休

50、斯顿，我们这里出了点问题。”)”可知，爆炸发生后，他们首先联系了地球上的科学家们。故选 B 项。2细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Amazingly,the crew managed to build an adapter out of materials onboard to reduce the carbon dioxide to a safe level.(了不起的是，机组人员成功地用飞船上的材料制作了一个适配器，将二氧化碳减少到安全水平)”可知，机组人员制作了一种新设备以降低登月舱中的二氧化碳水平，解决了空气问题。故选 B 项。3词句猜测题。根据最后一段第二句“The lunar mo