2023年高考英语复习全国通用第07讲定语从句(练)(解析版).pdf

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1、第 07 讲 定语从句（练）一、单项选择 1After working for 10 years,I find teaching is a job _you are doing something serious but interesting.Athat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：工作了 10 年后，我发现教书是一份工作，在此工作中你在做一些严肃但有趣的事情。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词为 a job，在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词 where 引导该从句。故选 D 项。2A war is so cruel that it

2、always causes great losses,_ has happened in Ukraine and other countries.Awhat Bas Cwhere Dwhich【答案】B【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：战争是如此残酷，以至于它总是造成巨大的损失，就像在乌克兰和其他国家发生的那样。根据句意及句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，缺少的引导词指代先行词“A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses”在从句中作主语，且表示“正如”，应用 as 引导该从句。故选 B。3The reason_he didn

3、t show up at the party is_he was ill.Awhy;that Bthat;because Cwhy;because Dwhich;for【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句和名词性从句。句意：他没有出现在聚会上的原因是他病了。the reason why.is/was that.的原因是。第一空为定语从句，句中先行词为 reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，所以用关系副词 why 引导；第二空为表语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词 that。故选 A。4The worsening living conditions on the Carteret Isl

4、ands finally resulted in_we called the relocation of all the islanders,from_arose the problem of losing their traditions and celebrations.Awhich;what Bwhich;which Cwhat;that Dwhat;which【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句和定语从句。句意：卡特雷特群岛不断恶化的生活条件最终导致了我们称之为所有岛民的搬迁，从而导致他们失去其传统和庆祝活动的问题。第一空，介词 in 后接宾语从句，call 后接双宾语，故从句缺少宾语，wh

5、at 引导宾语从句，从句中作宾语，表示“的东西”；第二空，from_引导非限制性定语从句，指代上文_ we called the relocation of all the islanders，且从句中作介词宾语，故用关系代词 which，故选 D。5It is one of the most surprising moments in Oscar history_actor Will Smith walked on stage and slapped Chris Rock for a joke_Rock made about Smiths wifes hair.Awhich;that Bth

6、at;when Cwhen;that Dwhich;which【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：这是奥斯卡历史上最令人惊讶的时刻之一，演员威尔史密斯走上舞台，因为洛克开了一个关于史密斯妻子头发的玩笑而掌掴克里斯洛克。分析句子可知，句中含有两个限制性定语从句。第一个定语从句的先行词是 one of the most surprising moments，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词 when 引导；第二个定语从句的先行词是 joke，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，故用关系代词 that/which。故选 C 项。6China has many rivers,_ the Ch

7、angjiang River is the longest.Awhich Bin which Camong which Done of which【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国有许多条江，其中，长江是最长的。分析句子结构可知，该句是非限制性定语从句，设空处需填引导词，从句主语是 the Changjiang River，系表结构是 is the longest，并结合句意“其中”，则设空处需填 among which，充当从句状语。故选 C 项。7Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize,_ is considered a very disting

8、uished international honour.Athat Bwhat Cas Dwhich【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔奖，这被认为是一项非常杰出的国际荣誉。分析可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词 Nobel Prize 是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故选 D。8I lent some money to Bernard,_ house was knocked down during the typhoon.Awhich Bwho Cwhom Dwhose【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我借给伯纳德一些钱，他的房子在台风

9、中被掀翻了。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是 Bernard，指人，在从句中作名词 house 的定语，应用关系代词 whose 引导。故选 D。9The explorer took only _ men and things _ he really needed into the jungle with him.Athose;which Bsuch;as Cthose;who Dsuch;that【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位探险家只带他真正需要的人和东西进入丛林。such.as.用于引导定语从句，as 在定语从句中作 needed 的宾语。such.that.用于引导结果状语从

10、句，that 在从句中不作成分。故选 B。10A good government is not to pick technologies,but to establish conditions _ innovation is supported and encouraged into the marketplace.Awhen Bthat Cwhose Dwhere【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一个好的政府不是挑选技术，而是建立支持和鼓励创新进入市场的条件。句中先行词为 conditions，是抽象地点名词，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，所以用关系副词 where 引导。故选 D。11I

11、wish to thank Professor Smith,without _ help I would never have got this opportunity.Awho Bwhose Cwhom Dwhich【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我就不会走得这么远。分析句子可知，本句为定语从句，先行词 Professor Smith，在后面定语从句中作 help 的定语，所以关系代词为 whose。故选 B 项。12My family will be always thankful for the people from _ we received

12、aid.Awho Bthat Cwhom Dwhich【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我的家人将永远感谢那些我们从他们那得到援助的人们。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为 people，指人，在从句中作介词 from 的宾语，应用关系代词 whom 引导从句。故选 C 项。13Wolves are highly social animals,_ success depends upon cooperation.Awhom Bthat Cwhose Dher【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：狼是高度群居的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。分析可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先

13、行词 Wolves 和 success 之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表示所属的关系代词 whose引导定语从句，故选 C。14My favorite writer is a key role in literature,most of _ books put on the stage and screen.Awho Bwhom Cwhose Dher【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我最喜欢的作家是文学界的关键人物，他的大部分作品都被搬到了舞台和银幕。分析句子结构，逗号后是“most of+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 writer，且结合语意，此处表示作家的大部分作品，空处

14、应用关系词 whose，在从句中作定语。故选 C 项。15We will never forget the days _ my family visited Shanghai together.Awhen Bwhich Cwhat Dthat【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们永远不会忘记我的家人一起访问上海的日子。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是 the days，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词 when 引导。故填 A。16Have you seen the sunflowers_ are bought as presents for your Mothers Day.Awho Bw

15、hich Cwhose D/【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：你看到了作为你的母亲节礼物买来的向日葵吗？此题考查限制性定语从句，the sunflowers 为先行词，先行词在从句中作主语，为物，设空处可用关系代词 which 或者 that，且不能省略。故选 B 项。17The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely.Awhen Bwhere Cwhich Dwhose【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：治疗将继续进行，直到患者

16、能够正确和安全地行走。分析句子结构可知，空格后为定语从句，修饰名词 point；表示“阶段、程度、地步”，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用 where引导定语从句。故选 B。18We are living in an age _ many things are done by computer.Awhich Bthat Cwhose Dwhen【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个很多事情都是由计算机完成的时代。分析句子可知，这是一个由 when 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 an age，先行词在从句中作时间状语。故选 D 项。19The reason _ Im writing to

17、 you is to tell you about a party on Saturday.Abecause Bwhy Cwhich Dwhat【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我写信给你的原因是想告诉你周六的一个聚会。分析句子可知，这是 why引导定语从句，修饰先行词 reason，why 在从句中作原因状语。故选 B 项。20Mary received training in computer for one year,_ she found a job in a big company.Aafter that Bafter which Cafter it Dafter this【答案

18、】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：玛丽接受了一年的计算机培训，之后她在一家大公司找到了一份工作。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“玛丽接受了一年的计算机培训”这件事，在从句中作介词“after”的宾语，表示在这件事后，她在一家大公司找到了一份工作，故应用“介词 after+关系代词 which”引导从句。故选 B 项。二、用适当的词填空 21But like anyone for _ you feel affection,customers can also drive you mad.【答案】whom【解析】考查定语从句。句意：但就像任何你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你发疯。结合句意

19、分析句子可知，此处“介词+关系代词”引导限制性定语从句，先行词是 anyone，空格处应该填入一个关系代词，代替anyone 在从句中做介词 for 的宾语用 whom。故填 whom。22They rushed over to help the man _ car had broken down.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们冲过去帮助那个汽车坏了的人。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是man，指人，在从句中作 car 的定语，应用关系代词 whose 引导。故填 whose。23The house in _ Lu Xun once lived is a museum now

20、.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：鲁迅曾经住过的房子现在是一座博物馆。此句考查限制性定语从句，先行词为 The house，为物，在从句中作介词 in 的宾语，设空处只能用关系代词 which。故填 which。24A study shows the students who join in after-school activities are happier than those _ are not.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更快乐。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是 those，指人，在从句

21、中做主语，用关系代词 who。故填 who。25This was Marys kitchen _ the big fire broke out.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是发生大火的玛丽的厨房。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是 kitchen，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用 where 引导，故填 where。26Ill never forget the day _ which we worked together in the countryside.【答案】on【解析】考查介词。句意：我永远不会忘记我们一起在农村工作的那一天。“介词+关系代词（which）”引

22、导的限制性定语从句，介词的选择与先行词或从句谓语形成搭配有关，此处指具体的那一天，用 on the day，用介词 on。故填 on。27The reason _ I will fail to go with you is that I had my left foot injured the other day.【答案】why【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我不能和你一起去的原因是前几天我的左脚受伤了。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the reason，先行词在定语从句中作原因状语，所以用关系副词 why 来引导。故填 why。28In the strange city,the

23、re wasnt a single person _ whom she could turn for help.【答案】to【解析】考查固定短语和定语从句。句意：在这个陌生的城市里，她找不到一个可以求助的人。分析句子可知，句子为“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为“person”，句中涉及固定短语“turn to sb.for help”，意为“向某人求助”，先行词“person”在从句中作介词“to”的宾语，故空格处应用介词“to”。故填 to。29Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ you received

24、 gifts?【答案】whom【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你有没有给收到礼物的亲戚发感谢信？分析句子可知，本句为定语从句，先行词为 relatives，关系词作 from 的宾语，应用关系代词 whom 构成“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。故填 whom。30 The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：那位著名作家和他的作品在广播中引起了学生们的极大兴趣。句中先行词为 The famous w

25、riter and his works，既指人也指物，在定语从句中作宾语，只能用关系代词 that 引导。故填 that。31Life is like a race _ we all compete with ourselves against time.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：生活就像是一场赛跑，在这次竞赛中我们都在与我们自己比赛。此句是定语从句修饰先行词 race，在从句中作地点状语，因此使用关系词 where 引导定语从句。故填 where。32The government has carried out several new plans,_benefits ar

26、e various and obvious.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：政府已经实施了几项新计划，其好处是多方面的和明显的。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 plans，先行词在从句中作定语，应用 whose 引导。故填 whose。33There were many fans in the social media _ expressed their sadness over Jin Yongs death.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：社交媒体上有很多粉丝对金庸的死表示悲伤。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词 fans 是 there be 句

27、型的主语，指人，在从句中作主语，常用关系代词who 引导该从句。故填 who。34Yesterday we visited the Baotu Spring _ which Jinan is famous.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意：昨天我们参观了济南著名的趵突泉。“介词+关系代词（which）”引导的限制性定语从句，介词的选择与和先行词和从句中形成的搭配有关，be famous for(因而出名)，用介词 for。故填 for。35They explained the way to us _ can greatly reduce energy waste.【答案】which#tha

28、t【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们向我们解释了可以大大减少能源浪费的方法。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是 the way，关系词在从句中作主语，应 which 或 that 引导。故填 which/that。36The picture always reminds me of the moments _ we spent together in the high school.【答案】which#that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这张照片总是让我想起我们在高中时一起度过的时光。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the moments。先行词指物，在定语从句中作 spe

29、nt 的宾语，所以用关系代词 which 或 that 来引导。故填 which/that。37Pauls friend didnt know the real reason _ which he looked so sad today.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意：保罗的朋友不知道他今天看起来如此悲伤的真正原因。“介词+关系代词（which）”引导是限制性定语从句，介词的选择与和先行词或从句中形成的搭配有关，the reason for(的原因/理由)，用介词 for。故填 for。38This was a period _ we Chinese went through a lot

30、 of sufferings.【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这是一个我们中国人经历了很多苦难的时期。该空后接限制性定语从句，先行词是 a period，在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词 when。故填 when。39The gas _ which we cannot live is called oxygen.【答案】without【解析】考查介词。句意：没有氧气我们就无法生存。“介词+关系代词（which）”引导是限制性定语从句，介词的选择与和先行词或从句中形成的搭配有关，without the gas(没有这种气体)，用介词 without。故填without。40I w

31、ill never forget the scene _ you risked(冒险)your life to save the injured.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我永远不会忘记你冒着生命危险抢救伤员的那一幕。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是 the scene，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词 where。故填 where。三、汉译英 41站在门口的那位男士是我的英语老师。【答案】The man who/that is standing at the door is my English teacher.【解析】考查定语从句，时态。主句“那位男士是我的英语老师

32、”，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时态。“站在门口”表达为 stand at the door，作“那位男士”的定语，可用限制性定语从句，“那位男士”为先行词，且在从句中作主语，且为单数，应用关系代词 who 或者 that，陈述正在发生的动作，定语从句谓语动词用现在进行时，助动词用 is，故表达为 The man who/that is standing at the door；结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：The man who/that is standing at the door is my English teacher.42这是我看过的最好的一部影片。【答案】This is the be

33、st film that I have ever seen.【解析】考查定语从句和时态。表示“这是最好的一部影片”翻译为 this is the best film；后跟 that 引导的定语从句，主语为 I，表示“看”应用 see，且用现在完成时。故翻译为 This is the best film that I have ever seen.43我昨天买的那本书值得一读。【答案】The book that/which I bought yesterday is worth reading.【解析】考查定语从句和时态。该句的主语是 the book，which 或 that 引导定语从句，修

34、饰先行词 book，在从句作宾语；根据汉语提示，该句的时态为一般过去时，故表示“我昨天买的那本书”，应用 The book that/which I bought yesterday；表示“值得读”应用 worth reading。故翻译为 The book that/which I bought yesterday is worth reading。44经过多次实验，他们成功地制造出了能脱离地球引力的火箭。【答案】After many experiments,they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earths gravity.【

35、解析】考查时态、定语从句和固定短语。“after”意为“在之后”，介词词性，“experiment”意为“实验”，为可数名词，“After many experiments”表示“经过多次实验”，作状语，放在句首，句首单词首字母大写，“they”表示“他们”，作主语，“succeed in doing sth.”意为“成功做某事”，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“succeed”的过去式为“succeeded”，“make rockets”表示“制造出火箭”，后接“that”引导的定语从句，先行词为“rockets”，在从句中做主语，用关系代词 that，“that could e

36、scape Earths gravity”表示“能脱离地球引力”，“they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earths gravity”表示“他们成功地制造出了能脱离地球引力的火箭”。故翻译为 After many experiments,they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earths gravity.45我经常在业余时间和一些英语网友聊天，这对我的英语口语很有帮助。(contribute to,which 的非限制性定语从句)【答案】I often chat w

37、ith some English net friends in my spare time,which contribute to my spoken English.【解析】考查固定短语和定语从句。主语为 I；表示“和某人聊天”短语为 chat with sb.；表示“在业余时间”短语为 in ones spare time；“这对我的英语口语很有帮助”处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句内容，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词 which 引导；表示“有帮助”短语为 contribute to；表示“英语口语”短语为spoken English。句子时态为一般现在时。故翻译为 I often

38、chat with some English net friends in my spare time,which contribute to my spoken English.46他没有被重点大学录取的原因是因为他的分数太低。(the reason whyis/was that)【答案】The reason why he was not admitted to a key university was that his score was too low.【解析】考查句子结构，主系表固定句型。分析可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。表示主语“他没有被重点大学录取的原因”为 the

39、reason why he was not admitted to a key university，the reason 为先行词，后文为 why 引导的限制性定语从句，从句中为一般过去时的被动语态的否定句式；系动词用 was；表示“因为他的分数太低”用 that 引导表语从句，为 that his score was too low。句首字母大写，故翻译为 The reason why he was not admitted to a key university was that his score was too low.47这个先驱者的故居是这个不起眼的小木屋，正在维修中，游客有望在

40、六月底去一睹真容。(under)【答案】The pioneers former place,a small wooden hut that doesnt catch peoples eyes,is now under repair,which is not expected to be seen by tourists until the end of June.【解析】考查名词、形容词、短语、定语从句，固定句型。表示“先驱者”为名词 pioneer；表示“故居”为名词词组 former place；表示“小的，木制的”为形容词 small wooden；表示“小屋”为名词 hut；表示“吸引

41、某人的目光”为短语 catch peoples eyes，故不起眼的小术屋，可为定语从句 a small wooden hut that doesnt catch peoples eyes；表示“在修理中”为短语 under repair；表示“被期望”为短语 is expected to，表示“直到才”为固定句型 not.until.，故“游客有望在六月底去一睹真容”可以用非限制性定语从句 which is not expected to be seen by tourists until the end of June 来表示。故翻译为 The pioneers former place,

42、a small wooden hut that doesnt catch peoples eyes,is now under repair,which is not expected to be seen by tourists until the end of June.48我们感谢所有帮助过我们的人。（be grateful to）【答案】We are grateful to anyone who has helped us.【解析】考查时态和定语从句。分析句意可知，句子描述现在的事情，时态用一般现在时，“感谢”是 be grateful to，主语是 we，be 动词用 are，“所有帮

43、助过我们的人”用定语从句，时态用现在完成时，翻译为“anyone who has helped us”，因此整句话翻译为“We are grateful to anyone who has helped us”。故答案为 We are grateful to anyone who has helped us。49他明天将来这里，那时他有空。（非限制性定语从句）【答案】He will come here tomorrow,when he will be free.【解析】考查定语从句和时态。分析句子结构可知，“他明天将来这里”为主句，“那时他有空”可以写成非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“明天”。主

44、句“他明天将来这里”应用一般将来时，翻译为 He will come here tomorrow，“那时他有空”应写成 when 引导的限制性定语从句，先行词是 tomorrow，从句描述的是将要发生的事，应用一般将来时，翻译为 when he will be free。故整句翻译为 He will come here tomorrow,when he will be free。50北斗系统比 GPS 精确 10 倍，将在推进国际合作中起到积极的作用。(promote)【答案】The BDS system is ten times more accurate than GPS,which wi

45、ll play an active part in promoting international cooperation.【解析】考查定语从句和时态。此处主语为The BDS system；表示“比GPS精确10倍”翻译为be ten times more accurate than GPS，为一般现在时；后跟 which 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，表示“在推进国际合作中起到积极的作用”翻译为 play an active part in promoting international cooperation，从句用一般将来时。故翻译为 The BDS system is ten times more accurate than GPS,which will play an active part in promoting international cooperation.