2023年上海初三中考英语一轮复习讲练第3讲被动语态含详解.pdf

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1、第 3 讲 被动语态【知识梳理 1】一、基本概念:语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人或物完成的，则用被动语态。二、语态的分类及构成 1.动词的语态有两种：一种是主动语态（主语是动作的执行者），另一种是被动语态（主语是动作的承受者）。2.被动语态的构成：助动词 be+（not）+（及物动词的）过去分词 此时，由助动词 be 来反映时态的变化，常见有以下八种形式：一般现在时 am+过去分词 is are 一般过去时 was+过去分词 were 一般将来时 shall be+过去分词 will 现在完成时 has been+过去分

2、词 被动语态 主动语态 被动语态 Washington cuts down the cherry tree.The cherry tree is cut down by Washington 强调动作执行者 强调动作的承受者 have 现在进行时 am being+过去分词 is are 过去进行时 was being+过去分词 were 过去将来时 should be+过去分词 would 过去完成时 had been+过去分词 2）情态动词+（not）+be+（及物动词的）过去分词 can be+（及物动词）过去分词 may must 【例题精讲】1.People _ to send up

3、 fireworks around the center of the city last Spring Festival.A)werent allowed B)wont be allowed C)are not allowed D)havent been allowed 2.The 87th Annual Academy Awards(奥斯卡金像奖)ceremony _ in Los Angeles,USA,on February 22,2015.A)held B)was held C)was holding D)had been held 3.Nowadays new taxi apps(

4、打车软件)_to help people travel around more easily.A)are used B)use C)used D)is used 4.Keep reading English every day,and your reading skills quickly.A)improve B)will improve C)are improved D)will be improved 5.Great progress _ in studying the new medicine for cancer recently.A)will be made B)is made C)

5、has been made D)was made 6.The library of our neighbourhood _ ten hours a day.A)opens B)is open C)has opened D)is opened 7.The river _ by waste products from the factory.We can find no fish in it.A)has polluted B)will pollute C)has been polluted D)will be polluted【巩固练习】1.Its terrible to hear that so

6、me students _ when they took a school bus.A.killed B.are killed C.were killed D.have killed 2.If all businesses go paperless,at least one million tons of paper .A.will save B.is saved C.will be saved D.saves 3.In some English classes,pictures are used the students learn new words.A.to help B.to help

7、ing C.for being helped D.for having helped 4.The mistakes in the report by the group leaders after class.A.will be corrected B.is corrected C.corrected D.have corrected 5.Dont worry,your package_ here until you come back,so enjoy shopping here.A.kept B.was keeping C.has been kept D.will be kept 6.Ma

8、ny graduates by the university to celebrate its 100th birthday last week.A.have invited B.will invite C.are invited D.were invited 7.Have you moved into your new flat,Mr.Smith?Not yet,the rooms _ next month.A.are painted B.are painting C.will paint D.will be painted 8.The 2011 Nobel Prize for Medici

9、ne to three scientists last month.A.awards B.awarded C.was awarding D.was awarded 9.The children _ by the funny performance in Shanghai Circus World.A.attract B.attracted C.are attracting D.were attracted 10.A flower show _ next week in the park and Ill go to visit it with my family.A.is holding B.w

10、ill hold C.has been held D.will be held【知识梳理 2】被动语态的句法功能 1.当不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。2.当需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。e.g.:Her book will be brought tomorrow morning.3.汉语中的无主语，在英语中用被动语态。e.g.:Smoking is not allowed in public places.将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语，另一个宾语不变（一般都是把表示人的宾语即间接宾语变为主语；若要把表示物的直接宾语变成被动句的主语，则被动句中需要在表示人的间

11、接宾语前加上与其相搭配的介词）；其它变化同一般情况。We gave her some books.She was given some books(by us).Some books were given to her by us.含双宾语的被动语态 He showed me a ticket.I was showed a ticket(by him).A ticket was shown to me by him.My father bought me a new bike.I was bought a new bike(by my father).A new bike was bought

12、 for me by my father.动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。We cant laugh at him.He cant be laugh at by us.He listens to the radio every day.The radio is listened to by him every day.The nurse is taking care of the sick man.The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.This is a photo of the power

13、 station that has been set up in my hometown.My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.Such a thing has never been heard of before.主动语态：主语+谓语动词+宾语 （执行者）（承受者）被动语态：主语+be+过去分词（+by+执行者）（承受者）一般省略【例题精讲】1.The Shanghai Disneyland Plan _ by the city government.It will be the first Disneyland Amusement Park

14、in mainland China.A)passed B)has passed C)has been passed D)were passed 2.Black tea _ in China during the Ming Dynasty is a way to keep tea fresh.A)invented B)was invented C)is invented D)is inventing 3.The girls_ how to dance a month ago and now they can dance well.A)were taught B)will be taught C)

15、are taught D)have been taught 4.The boy _down by a truck when he was running across the road.A)is knocked B)was knocked C)will be knocked D)has been knocked 5.Half of the Beijings private cars _off the roads due to heavy smog on Friday.A)order B)are ordered C)ordered D)were ordered 6.After Donghai B

16、ridge _,it became a new tourist attraction.A)completed B)complete C)is completed D)was completed 7.I _ a chance to decide whether I should attend the lecture or not.A)gave B)was giving C)was given D)had given 8.A Disneyland Park _ in Shanghai Pudong New Area in the near future.A)has built B)will be

17、built C)will build D)is built 9.The 22nd Winter Olympics will _in Sochi early this year.A)be held B)held C)hold D)being held 10.The old man was upset because his favourite vase _ by his grandson.A)breaks B)is broken C)broke D)was broken【巩固练习】1.The government has built many parking places for car own

18、ers this year.(改为被动语态)Many parking places for car owners _ _ built by the government this year.总结：主动语态变为被动语态的方法 短语动词的被动语态 口诀 1:宾提前变主，主变介 by 宾，被动 be 加 done,时态看主动。口诀 2:如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加 to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell)口诀 3：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中 to 离开，被动句中 to 回来(feel,listen to,hear,let,have,make

19、,look at,see,watch.)2.Many parents in China dont allow the kids to have their own bank cards.(改为被动语态)The kids in China to have their own bank cards.3.The captain will choose ten boys to work as volunteers.(改被动)Ten boys will_ _to work as volunteers.4.We will build a new Disneyland in Pudong New Area.

20、(改为被动语态)A new Disneyland will_ _in Pudong New Area.5.Some of our bad habits can cause water pollution.(改为被动语态)Water pollution can _ _ by some of our bad habits.提高题：The headmaster praised Ben for his honesty.(改为被动语态）Ben for his honesty the headmaster.The firemen are using long ladders for rescuing pe

21、ople in tall buildings.(改为被动语态)Long ladders for rescuing people in tall buildings by the firemen.Mother will buy Jack a new shirt.(改为被动语态）A new shirt Jack by Mother.You had better take the wounded soldiers to hospital at once.(改为被动语态）The wounded soldiers had better to hospital at once.The adults tel

22、l the children not to swim in that deep river.(改为被动语态）The children not to swim in that deep river.Can some aged Chinese understand Russian?(改为被动语态）Can by some aged Chinese?The boss made the employees work ten hours a day.(改为被动语态）The employees were made ten hours a day.Who looks after the children in

23、 the kindergarten?(改为被动语态）By the children after in the kindergarten?.The Spring Festival is welcomed by the Chinese all over the world.(改为主动语态)The Chinese all over the world the Spring Festival.10.The price of meat has risen from ten yuan to fifteen yuan recently.(保持原句意思)The price of meat from ten y

24、uan to fifteen yuan recently.【知识梳理 3】They made him go.He was made to go.他被要求去了。I heard him say good-bye to his friends.He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.常考的有：happen,take part in,belong to,come true,take place,break out,rise What will happen in 100 years.The meeting will take place tomorrow

25、.(错)The price has been risen.(对)The price has risen.(错)The accident was happened last week (对)The accident happened last week.(错)The price has raised.(对)The price has been raised.(错)Please seat.(对)Please be seated.Prove,appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste

26、,turn.make,see,watch,hear,notice,feel 等使役动词和感官动词的宾语后面可以接不带 to 的不定式作宾补。但在被动语态中，不定式符号 to 必须补上。不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态 表示主语状态特征的连系动词无被动语态 例如：Do you like the material?Yes,it _ very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt Your idea sounds reasonable.What he said proved to be correct.The door needs repairing.=

27、The door needs to be repaired.This room needs cleaning.这房间应该打扫一下。This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。make sb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己);have/get sth.done(让人做某事或表示遭遇不幸)Ill have the bike repaired in no time.I had my wallet stolen/lost last Sunday when I was shopping.He got his leg broken when playin

28、g football.I bought these books at a discount and had two hundred dollars saved.常见的这类动词有 write,read,wear,wash,clean,sell,run,lock 等。这些动词常与副词（well/easily.)或否定词连用。例如：The machine runs well.This pen writes quite smoothly.The bookshelf hardly sells.This new book sells well.The door will not open.(这扇门就是打不

29、开。)This dress washes better.(这衣服较好洗。)The sign reads as follows.(这牌子告示如下。)【例题精讲】1.The Chinese food to be the healthiest in the world.A.considers B.is considering C.is considered D.has considered 2.John ,for he went swimming yesterday without permission.A.would punished B.had punished C.punished D.was

30、 punished 3.Mr.Wu was in hospital.when we went to see him,he on.A.operated B.was operated C.was operating D.was being operated 4.The new school _ when the new term begins.A.finishes B.will finish C.will be finished D.would finish 5.The old scientist said that he to visit their country before long.A.

31、invited B.had invited C.was inviting D.would be invited 6.With the help of the Hope Project,more and more new schools in the poor area.A.built B.have built C.have been built D.have been building 7.He came out and told us that the work _.A.finished B.was finished C.had finished D.had been finished 被动

32、语态优美句型赏析 在 need,require,want,be worth(形容词),deserve 后的动名词必须用主动形式 特殊结构表达被动含义 主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词 It is said that.据说 It is reported that.据报道 It is hoped that.希望 It is believed that.人们相信 It is announced that.据宣布 It is(well)known that.众所周知 It has been decided that.已经决定 It is supposed that.人们认为 It is sug

33、gested that.有人建议 It must be remembered that.务必记住 It is taken for granted that.被视为当然 8.The programmes _ easily if you use a short wave radio.A.can pick up B.pick up C.picked up D.can be picked up 1Today,more and more families _ to take part in community service.Aencouraged Bencourage Cwere encouraged

34、 Dare encouraged 2Mei Mei,do you know why the two sessions(两会)_ in spring every year?Ive no idea.Lets ask our teacher.Aare held Bis held Chold Dare holding 3The graduation ceremony_ in our school hall every year.It has become a tradition.Aholds Bwill hold Cis held Dwill be held 4 Lanlan,did you go h

35、ome during Qingming Festival?No,I _ not to leave Shanghai.Atell Btold Cam told Dwas told 5Eric,you _ to go to the teachers office just now.Whats up?We arent allowed to bring phones to school.Er,but I broke the rule.Aasked Bask Care asked Dwere asked 6For a moment he was completely _ over by the news

36、 of his friends death.Aknocked Bknocking Cturned Dturning 7As China grows stronger and stronger,Chinese _ in more schools abroad.Thats true.As a Chinese,I feel very proud.Ateaches Btaught Cis taught Dwas taught 8A new airport_ in the south of our city last year.It is very convenient to go there.Abui

37、lt Bwill build Cwas built Dwill be built 9 Do you know _ in Tokyo?It will be put off,but the date hasnt been decided yet.Awhen will the 32nd Olympic Games take place Bwhen the 32nd Olympic Games will be held Cwhen will the 32nd Olympic Games be held Dwhen the 32nd Olympic Games will be taken place 1

38、0Lots of trees _ on March,12 in the park near my home.Aplant Bplanted Cwere planted Dwill be planted 11The 24th Winter Olympic Games _ on February 4th,2022 in China.Aholds Bheld Cis held Dwill be held 12The 31st Summer World University Games _ in Chengdu in June,2022.I cant wait!Awere held Bwill be

39、held Chas been held Dare held 13What a mess!The house looks like it _ for months.Ais cleaned Bwasnt cleaned Cwill be cleaned Dhasnt been cleaned 14Great progress _ in studying the new medicine for AIDS recently.Awill be made Bis made Chas been made Dwas made 15No matter what difficulties the scienti

40、st meets with,he believes all problems can _ in the end.Asolve Bto solve Csolving Dbe solved 16People under 18 shouldnt _ to Internet Bar.Aallow to go Ballowed to go Cbe allowed to go Dbe allowed going 17More trees need to be planted in the northwest of China Yes.With enough trees,sandstorms（沙尘暴）cou

41、ld _.Aprotect Bbe protected Cstop Dbe stopped 18Mum,can I go to Jie Fangbei with Kevin?He just got his drivers license.No,I dont think sixteen-year-olds should _ to drive in China.Aallow Bbe allowed Callowed Dbe allowing 19The silk clothes cant _ in the washing machine.Abe washed Bwash Cwashed Dwash

42、ing 20Do you know about HUAWEI 5G mobile phones?Yes.Its said that they _ at present.Asell well Bare sold well Csell good Dare sold good 21Gullivers Travels _ so well that it _ out in all the shops in my town.Ais sold;sell Bsells;sells Cis sold;is sold Dsells;is sold 22Yangzhou is a greener city now

43、because more and more trees _ every spring.Awere planted Bare planted Cwill be planted Dhave planted23Although a great deal of money _ at the charity show,the cost of living _ a lot,so we will need to do much work to help the poor people.Awas raised;has raised Bwas raised;has risen Crose;was raised

44、Drose;has risen 24Worriesin life _ if you speak out to your close friend.Awill be reduced Bwere reducing Cwill reduce Dwere reduced 25Do you need any help?No,thanks.We _ a lot support since last year.Ahave offered Bhave been offered Cwere offered Dwere offering 26In the past several months a new com

45、munity park _ and will be open to the public soon.Ais built Bwas built Chas been built Dwill be built 27 _ the sports meet might be put off.Yes,it all depends on the weather.AIve been told BIve told CIm told DI told 28The milk _ strange.Do you think its OK to drink?Awas tasted Btasted Cis tasting Dt

46、astes 29 Where will the 2022 Winter Olympics _,Cindy?In Beijing,the capital of China,the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympics.Abe taken place Btake part Ctake place Dbe taken part 30I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _ the cloth _ well.Ahave told;washed Bhave been told;washes C

47、have been told;washed Dwas told;washes 第 3 讲 被动语态【知识梳理 1】教学建议：由于此部分是复习课，建议老师采取以教代学的方式让学生各自负责一个知识点进行讲解，其他学生进行提问。老师在过程中进行补充和总结。二、基本概念:语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人或物完成的，则用被动语态。二、语态的分类及构成 1.动词的语态有两种：一种是主动语态（主语是动作的执行者），另一种是被动语态（主语是动作的承受者）。2.被动语态的构成：助动词 be+（not）+（及物动词的）过去分词 此时，由助动词

48、 be 来反映时态的变化，常见有以下八种形式：一般现在时 am+过去分词 is are 一般过去时 was+过去分词 were 被动语态 主动语态 被动语态 Washington cuts down the cherry tree.The cherry tree is cut down by Washington 强调动作执行者 强调动作的承受者 一般将来时 shall be+过去分词 will 现在完成时 has been+过去分词 have 现在进行时 am being+过去分词 is are 过去进行时 was being+过去分词 were 过去将来时 should be+过去分词 w

49、ould 过去完成时 had been+过去分词 3）情态动词+（not）+be+（及物动词的）过去分词 can be+（及物动词）过去分词 may must 批注：这部分是重点内容，涉及到不同时态的被动语态变化，要让学生关注时态是如何体现的，尤其是完成时和进行时的被动语态。具体技巧下面例句之后会有总结【例题精讲】1.People _ to send up fireworks around the center of the city last Spring Festival.A)werent allowed B)wont be allowed C)are not allowed D)have

50、nt been allowed 2.The 87th Annual Academy Awards(奥斯卡金像奖)ceremony _ in Los Angeles,USA,on February 22,2015.A)held B)was held C)was holding D)had been held 3.Nowadays new taxi apps(打车软件)_to help people travel around more easily.A)are used B)use C)used D)is used 4.Keep reading English every day,and you